• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2012

A cross-sectional analysis of blood pressure (BP) changes and the current prevalence and distribution of hypertension among age groups in Korea were conducted. Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and pulse (PP) pressures were evaluated. Residents visiting a local Community Health Center for a health check-up and/or participating in the Health Promotion Program were included for the analyses. A total of 6,570 subjects (2,809 men, 3,761 women) were divided into five age groups: 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and $70\leq$ years. Comparisons were made between sex and among age groups. SBP and DBP were continuously elevated, while men showed higher levels than women until their mid-60s; then, the trend was reversed. DBP in men became elevated from their 30s, reaching the highest in the 40s then slowly decreasing. DBP in women increased up to their 40s and 50s, then reached a plateau. PP increased rapidly from the 50s in both sexes. The major contributor of age-related BP elevation may be large artery stiffness in men, particularly from their 50s, while the blood pressure elevation of women may relate to diverse factors including large artery stiffness, stroke volume, and ventricular ejection rate. The rapid elevation of PP after the 50s in both men and women could represent a risk of cardiovascular or coronary mortality, particularly with increasing age. The current data showed a higher rate of hypertension in both sexes compared to previous reports. When those with both high-normal BP and hypertension are looked at in combination, BP management of the target population should be drastically elevated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.543-550
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• 2016

Amine-type PP-g-VBC-EDA adsorbent, which possesses anionic exchangeable function, was prepared through photoinduced graft polymerization of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) onto polypropylene non-woven fabric and subsequent amination reaction using ethylenediamine (EDA). Adsorption characteristics of anionic nutrients on the PP-g-VBC-EDA adsorbent have been studied by batch adsorption experiments. The equilibrium data well fitted the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum monolayer sorption capacity was found to be 59.9 mg/g for $NO_3-N$ and 111.4 mg/g for $PO_4-P$. The adsorption energies were higher than 8 kJ/mol indicating anion-exchange process as the primary adsorption mechanism. The pseudo-second order kinetic model described well the kinetic data and resulted in the activation energy of 9.8-36.7 kJ/mol suggesting that the overall rates of $NO_3-N$ and $PO_4-P$ adsorption are controlled by the chemical process. Thermodynamic parameters such as ${\Delta}G^o$, ${\Delta}H^o$ and ${\Delta}S^o$ indicated that the adsorption nature of PP-g-VBC-EDA for anionic nutrients is spontaneous and exothermic. The PP-g-VBC-EDA could be regenerated by washing with 0.1 N HCl.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.159-168
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the variables of plantar pressure distribution, the COG between Flying Sit Spin(FSS) and Flying Camel Spin(FCS) during a Figure Skating. In order to investigate the two types of spin mechanism in the Korea national of elite women Figure skaters(N=4), this study investigated the phase time, CA(contact area), MF(maximum force) Mean Force, and PP(peak pressure) Mean Force. The data was collected using PEDAR Mobile System which is the pressure distribution measuring devices. The obtained conclusions were as follow: During the two types of spins(FSS and FCS), the FCS is higher than the FSS on the MF(20%BW), PP(20%BW) variables during P4 phase, but the FSS is larger than the FCS in the CA, MF, and PP during P1, P2, P3 phase. Consequently, depend on the COP and the COG locations about the vertical ground reaction vector, the FCS comparatively excelled control of speed feedback than the FSS in the P4 phase.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2004

The development of high tenacity, high modulus monofilaments from Polypropylene/Clay nanocomposite has been investigated. Pure sodium montmorillonite nanoclay was modified using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) via an ion exchange reaction. Pure and modified clay were characterized through X-ray diffraction, FTIR and TGA. The modified clay was melt blended with polypropylene (PP) in presence of a swelling agent. Composite filaments from PP/Clay nanocomposite were prepared at different weight percentages of nanoclay and the spinning and drawing conditions were optimized. The filaments were characterized for their mechanical, morphological and thermal properties. The composite PP filaments with modified clay showed improved tensile strength, modulus and reduced elongation at break. The composite filaments with unmodified clay did not show any improvement in tensile strength but the modulus improved. The sharp and narrow X-ray diffraction peaks of PP/nanoclay composite filaments indicate increase in crystallinity in presence of modified clay at small loadings (0.5 %). The improved thermal stability was observed in filaments with modified as well as unmodified clays.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.585-595
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• 2007

The squared Euclid distance of the values which is transformed by P-matrix of Ahn et al. (2003) is in proportion to the squared Euclid distance of cell's relative frequencies in two Contingency Tables. We propose the method of using the PP-values for the analysis of modern poems and questionnaire data.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.305-307
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• 2023

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.308-310
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• 2023

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2017

Many ground subsidence accidents have happened in Korea. The accident was caused by the subsidence and leakage of the deteriorated sewage pipe. This study aims to establish the empirical data of the ground penetration radar(GPR) detection for ground subsidence. A test bed was also manufactured for the same purpose. The GPR detection variables are embedment depth and horizontal distance of embedded cast iron pipe and expanded polystyrene(EPS). From the detection results, the EPS embedded by a depth of 1.5m was difficult for detection. The EPS closely embedded to the cast iron pipe within a 0.5m distance had a very strong cast iron pipe signal. Therefore, the detection was impossible. This study developed an image processing program, called the GPR image processing program(GPRiPP), to process the GPR detection results. Its major function is the gain function, which amplifies the wiggle wave signal. Compared to the existing programs, the GPRiPP is capable of showing a similar image processing performance.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.365-371
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• 1997

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the pulmonary perfusion scan(Pp scan) in the experimental animal single lung transplantation. Eight left lung transplanted mongrel dogs were included in this study. The serial Pp scan with 111MBq $^{99m}TC-MAA$ were done at the periods of immediate postoperative period, POD 3 days, and POD 10-14 days and finally autopsy was done in each cases. The transplanted lung perfusion was analysed as a percentage radioactivity of trans planted/native lung(T/N) ratio. The Pp scan of a donor mongrel dog was used as a reference(left/right lung (T/N) ratio 85.2%). The average T/N ratio of all cases on immediate postoperative state(reperfusion injury) : 19.2%, three acute rejections. 12.6%, three bronchial dehiscences 6.1% and two pulmonary thromboses : 2.0%. Two cases showed moderate improvement of reperfusion injury as increasing the T/N ratio in POD 3 days Pp scan. The T/N ratio showed sequentially decreased in six cases. As a conclusion, the Pp scan could be a non-invasive method in the evaluation of the experimental one-lung transplanted mongrel dog.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 1984

One row of pollen parent to two rows of seed parent (1:2), 2:4 and solid (1:2) planting patterns (PP) were compared in seed parent densities of 3,500, 5,000 and 6,500 plants per 10 ares to determine effects of PP and plant density on growths of seed and pollen plants, and seed yield of seed parent of modified single cross corn hybrid. Planting pattern did not significantly affect agronomic characteristics of seed plant except ear number per 100 plants and seed yield which were greater in solid and 1:2 PP than in 2:4 PP. Significant PP x plant density interaction did not exist for agronomic characteristics of seed parent. In the seed parent, plant height and 100 kernel weight were not affected by plant density, but ear height, ear number per 100 plants, and kernel number per ear were linearly decreased with increased plant densities. Seed yield ranged from 330 to 460 kg per 10 ares and overall yield response to plant density was quadratic. Tassel length and spikelet number per tassel of the pollen parent were significantly affected by PP and plant density. Significant PP x plant density interaction existed for tassel length and spikelet number per tassel. Tassel length and spikelet number per tassel were greater in 1:2 and 2:4 PP compared to solid PP and were greatly reduced with increased plant densities in solid and 1:2 PP. The results indicated that 1:2 or 2:4 PP at around 5,000 plants per 10 ares for seed parent would be suitable for seed production of modified single cross com hybrid.