• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 2007

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for cervical cancer, a common cancer in women. Since HPV infection and cancer development are controlled by the host immune system, immunotherapy against HPV can be helpful in preventing or treating HPV-associated cervical cancer. Two oncoproteins of HPV16, E6 and E7, are promising targets for immunotherapy against cervical cancer, because they are constitutively expressed in cervical cancer. Methods: Since cellular vaccines using B cells as well as dendritic cells offer an efficient approach to cancer immunotherapy, we opted to use B cells. We evaluated the immunogenicity and anti-tumor effects of a B cell vaccine transduced with HPV16 E6/E7-expressing adenovirus. Results: Vaccination with HPV16 E6/E7-transduced B cells induced E6/E7-specific $CD8^+$ T cell-dependent immune responses and generated anti-tumor effects against E6/E7-expressing TC-1 tumor. The anti-tumor effect induced by this B cell vaccine was similar to that elicited by DC vaccine, showing that B cells can be used as an alternative to dendritic cells for cellular vaccines. Conclusion: Thisstudy has shown the feasibility of using B cells as immunogenic APCs and the potential for developing prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against HPV-associated cervical cancer using a B cell vaccine transduced with adenovirus expressing HPV16 E6/E7.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.345-353
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• 1998

Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of copper using three Cu( I ) precursors. (hfac)Cu (VTMS) (hfac= hexafluoroacetylacetonate, VTMS= vinyltrimethylsilane), (hfac)Cu(VTMOS) (VTMOS= vinyltri¬methoxysilane) and (hfac)Cu(A TMS) (A TMS= allyltrimethylsilane) was studied. The thermal stability and the gase¬ous phase reaction mechanism of Cu( I ) precursors were identified using $^1H$-, $^I3C$-NMR and Fourier transform infra¬red spectroscopy. It was found out that thermal stability of liquid phase (hfac)Cu(VTMS) and (hfac)Cu(VTMOS) were better than that of (hfac)Cu(A TMS) using FT - NMR. From in-situ FT - IR experiments, the disproportion reaction of Cu(hfac). the decomposition reaction of Cu(hfac), and cracking of free hfac ligand were observed. Also the effect of gaseous phase reaction on the deposition rates and film properties was investigated. The minimum temperature that deposition of copper films from (hfac)Cu(A TMS) was as low as 60$^{\circ}$C and such a low deposition temperature compared with those of other Cu( I ) precursors is believed to be related with weaken Cu- A TMS bond.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.198-203
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• 2011

The electronic structure of ferrimagnetic spinel oxide of $FeV_2O_4$ has been investigated by employing soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The Fe 2p and V 2p XAS spectra show that the valence states of Fe and V ions are ${\sim}Fe^{2.3+}$ mixed-valent states and ${\sim}V^{3+}$ states, respectively. In Fe 2p XMCD spectra, finite XMCD signals are observed for divalent $Fe^{2+}$ states only, but not for $Fe^{3+}$ states. This finding indicates that the magnetic moments of $Fe^{2+}$ ions are ordered ferromagnetically but that those of $Fe^{3+}$ ions are cancelled, implying that $Fe^{2+}$ ions play an important role in determining magnetic properties of $FeV_2O_4$.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.491-496
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• 2021

The process optimization of directed energy deposition (DED) has become imperative in the manufacture of reliable products. However, an energy-density-based approach without a sufficient powder feed rate hinders the attainment of an appropriate processing window for DED-processed materials. Optimizing the processing of DED-processed Ti-6Al- 4V alloys using energy per unit area (E_eff) and powder deposition density (PDD_eff) as parameters helps overcome this problem in the present work. The experimental results show a lack of fusion, complete melting, and overmelting regions, which can be differentiated using energy per unit mass as a measure. Moreover, the optimized processing window (E_eff = 44~47 J/mm² and PDD_eff = 0.002~0.0025 g/mm²) is located within the complete melting region. This result shows that the Eeff and PDDeff-based processing optimization methodology is effective for estimating the properties of DED-processed materials.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1959-1961
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• 1999

We prepared the $Ag[100\AA])/Sb_2S_3[3000\AA]$ films using the thermal evaporator. The films were exposed by the blue-pass filtered mercury lamp and the polarized He-Ne laser. We have investigated the dependence of the induced optical energy with Ag-doping and have observed the transmittance variation near the optical absorption edge with the light source. It was shown that the energy gap of this thin film was largely changed by exposing He-Ne laser, the light source of the near energy gap of this thin film. It is because of the structural change from Ag-doping. It is investigated that the dissolution, the diffusion, and the field effect of the Ag thin film generate the Ag spatial distribution.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1861-1863
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• 1999

The polarization gratings were fabricated in chalcogenide $As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ thin film applicable to a medium of the polarization holography and their diffraction efficiencies$(\eta)$ were monitored by real-time measurement. The polarization gratings prepared consisted of the multi-layer thin film system. As a method to improve the $\eta$, we have investigated its change for the field effect. As the results, the value of $\eta$ strongly depended on the voltage applied to the film and the maximum value, $\eta_{max}$ was enhanced to be about 4 times in comparison with that of not biased sample. In addition, an increase in the $\eta$ can be estimated to be due to additional creation of new defects caused by the electric field across the film.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1996.12a
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• pp.77-98
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• 1996

This study is a critical assessment of research productivity through publication among scientists and engineers. This study scrutinizes previous findings on the correlates and determinant3 of publication productivity: Provides overview and organization of that knowledge ; indicates gape and shortcomings n the research; and identifies the questions and issues which are both answered and unanswered. through the analysis of the 223 mail questionnaires collected from professors of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, chemistry and physics, this study obtains the particular determinants of publication productivity at the science and engineering schools in Korea. Especially, early research productivity and the number of doctoral students are very important to publish good research articles. Also the qualities of professors' Ph. D. institution and employing university are critical influencing factors to publication productivity. The data are analyzed using correlation, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis and all the regression models are statistically significant. All the variables in this study are focused on the socialization of individual research scientists and any psychological or personal background variables are excluded, because the perspective of this article is not that of scientific sociologist but of science and technology Policy interest. This study proves that there exists an scriptive advantage according to the individual background such as his Ph. D. institution and employing university in Korea. This study also shows that all research resources and research performances are unequally distributed. This result proposes that supporting basic research at university must begins with relative assessment of researchers, departments, and institutions in consideration with their research environment and to evaluate researchers in compared with excellent research university like SNU, KAIST, POSTECH is unequal and inadequate.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1215-1218
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• 2010

We demonstrate the possible application of the sandwich type surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunoassay using antigen-antibody binding for detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in cancer cells. In this sandwich type of SERS immunoassay, to capture antigens onto the immobilized layer of antibodies on the gold substrate we prepared the monolayer of gold nanoparticles on the APTMS-derivatized surface of a glass slide by using the SAM technique. This sandwich type of SERS immunoassay in which antigens on the substrate specifically capture antibodies on a Raman reporter (DSNB coated gold nanoparticles with R6G) could successfully detect PSA at low levels. A strong SERS spectrum of Raman reporter was observed only with a substrate in which PSA is present.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 코움 드라이브에 비해 구동력은 크고 평행 판 구동 방식에 비해서는 선형 특성이 우수하며 안정된 구동거리가 증가하는 특성을 갖는 새로운 정전력(electrostatic force) 구동 방식을 제안한다. 운동 전극과 고정 전극을 기울어지게 배치하여 전극 면에 평행한 정전력 $F_x$와 전극 면에 수직인 정전력 $F_y$의 합력 $F_e$ 방향으로 전극을 운동시킴으로써 정전력의 방향과 전극의 운동 방향을 일치시킨다. 제안된 구동방식의 정전력 모델을 이용한 해석 결과 코움 드라이브에 비해서는 구동력이 50 % 이상 크며 평행 판 구동에 비해서는 안정된 구동 거리가 10 - 30 % 이상 증가하는 구동 특성을 얻을 수 있었다. 제안된 구동방식을 이용하여 HDD의 트랙 방향 저장 밀도를 증가시키기 위한 듀얼스테이지 서보(dual-stage servo)에 사용 될 마이크로 액츄에이터 (microactuator)를 설계하고 SoG(Silicon on Glass) 공정을 이용하여 제작하였다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.150-161
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• 2012

Eye detection is widely used in applications, such as face recognition, driver behavior analysis, and human-computer interaction. However, it is difficult to achieve real-time performance with software-based eye detection in an embedded environment. In this paper, we propose a parallel hardware architecture for real-time eye detection. We use the AdaBoost algorithm with modified census transform(MCT) to detect eyes on a face image. We parallelize part of the algorithm to speed up processing. Several downscaled pyramid images of the eye candidate region are generated in parallel using the input face image. We can detect the left and the right eye simultaneously using these downscaled images. The sequential data processing bottleneck caused by repetitive operation is removed by employing a pipelined parallel architecture. The proposed architecture is designed using Verilog HDL and implemented on a Virtex-5 FPGA for prototyping and evaluation. The proposed system can detect eyes within 0.15 ms in a VGA image.