• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.195-211
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• 2021

This paper measures the economic impacts of the U.S. port investment strategies coping with the Panama Canal expansion. Using secondary import data, negative and positive estimates of the impacts were presented in this study. Reduced port activities into the West Coast Customs Districts negatively affect transportation and warehousing industries, among other effects. Still, they have simultaneous positive effects in other states from increased imports resulting from modal shifts and changes in the entry port located in the South and East coasts. This study applied the supply-driven National Interstate Economic Model that measures all interstate trade among the U.S. states to divert foreign imports from 15 Pacific Rim countries. For this purpose, the following assumption was adopted: larger ships using the canal will lead to a redirection of seaborne trade among U.S. (and other) ports and result in secondary effects, e.g., using different freight modes and regional growth spillovers. This study also accounted for the entry point change and significant port investments for foreign trade under alternative scenarios. The choice of ports for international trade depends on decisions about how to minimize multimodal delivery costs. The total direct reduction of transportation and warehousing activities associated with foreign imports in the West Coast ports was estimated at $3.3 billion, leading to total negative effects of $5.8 billion. Total positive impacts from the shift of transportation modes with the choice of an entry port and new warehousing activities for foreign imports in the selected 12 states varied. As expected, states that involved an entry port had the most prominent benefits, but Texas, New York, and New Jersey may be benefited through all the port enhancement projects in the U.S. Also, except for Transportation and Postal, and Warehousing industries, Construction is another dominant positive affected industry of the Canal expansion in the U.S.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.653-667
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• 2017

The purpose of this study were to investigate the socio-economic impacts of urban-to-rural migration on the rural community and to identify the factors influencing rural residents' recognition of the socio-economic impacts of urban-to-rural migration on the rural community. For the purpose, this study analyzed Korea Rural Economic Institute's rural residents survey(2016), using multiple regression model. The main finding of this study were as follows: Positive social impacts of urban-to-rural migration on rural community were (1) contributing to community sustainability through population growth, (2) contributing to securing agricultural human resources, and others. Negative social impacts of urban-to-rural migration on rural community were (1) increasing unnecessary complaints and deepening distrust, (2) weakening of community consciousness, and others. Positive economic impacts of urban-to-rural migration on rural community were (1) increasing the value of residents' property, (2) contributing to local finance through increased local tax revenue, and others. Negative economic impacts of urban-to-rural migration on rural community were (1) difficulty of scaling farmland due to small-scale farming, (2) land shortage caused by rising land prices, and (3) fierce competition to secure labor force. According to the multiple regression analysis, the major factors influencing rural residents' recognition of the socio-economic impacts of urban-to-rural migration were (1) villagers' general attitude toward urban-to-rural migrants, (2) urban-to-rural migrants' community participation, (3) age, and (4) fitness of village in urban-to-rural migration.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.163-178
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• 2015

This study purported to test the independent impacts of positive and negative attributes of disconfirmation on satisfaction and loyalty of university students. The study utilized the nation-wide survey data previously collected from 1,400 students distributed across 32 universities in Korea. Using SPSS 22.0, the study adopted a 'Simple Regression Analysis' in order to calculate the causal coefficients among positive and negative attributes of confirmation, satisfaction, and loyalty. The study results showed that while positive disconfirmation had a positive impact(${\beta}=.188$) on satisfaction, but not on loyalty, negative disconfirmation had negative impacts on satisfaction(${\beta}=-.326$) and loyalty(${\beta}=-.105$). Based on the study results this study suggests that universities should implement differential strategies to increase students' satisfaction and loyalty. The results also showed that negative disconfirmation had 2~7 times greater impacts on satisfaction and loyalty than the impacts positive confirmation had. Supporting the 'asymmetric relations' of positive and negative disconfirmation, the study suggests that universities should pay special attention to students' complaints.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2005

This study aims to investigate and practically examine the effect of environmental qualifications based on the theoretical background on the area. On the basis of theoretical background, a study model was formulated in a way that the effect of qualifications in enterprises side is divided into an economic effect (improvement of productivity, improvement of qualifies of products) and non-economic effect (credibility on the job, expertise on techniques, assessment criteria on entrepreneurial value, applicability of job arrangement). Then, survey was carried out with questions designed in accordance with this model. The hypotheses were proved as the following. First, fir hypothesis 1(Environmental qualifications will bring up positive impacts on the economic effect of enterprises), it turned out to be true. The improvement of productivity and qualities of products were chose to represent the economic effect of entrepreneurs, and the both factors appeared to have positive impacts on the economic effect of enterprises. Second, for hypothesis 2(Environmental qualifications will have positive impacts on the non-economic effect of enterprises), it turned out to be true. Environmental qualifications were proved to have positive impacts on credibility on the job, expertise on techniques, assessment criteria on entrepreneurial value, applicability of job arrangement, which were introduced to represent the non-economic effect of enterprises. In conclusion, environmental qualifications were proved to have positive impacts on both economic and non-economic effect of enterprises.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2004

This study analyzed the multivariate impacts of subsidies on the sustainability of fish stock using a dynamic bioeconomic modeling and fisheries resources economic approaches for understanding impacts of a subsidy on the sustainability of a fish stock. According to the results of analysis, the conclusion of former studies is true only there are imperfect control of fishing effort and enforcement under management rerime and under open access. However, if there are perfect control of effort and enforcement, the subsidies do not give any negative impacts on the sustainability of fish stock. Further, if even so-called bad subsidy is also provided necessarily in response to the condition of fishing industry and the characteristic of fishermen, it can give positive impacts on fishing income by which fishermen can improve their fishing condition.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.115-125
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• 2012

In this study, The adoption factors of IT Outsourcing as a independent variables (business Factors, Outsourcing scope factors and risks factors), which were centered on services industries, were analyzed in order to identify the impacts of the results factors of IT outsourcing as a dependent variables. The main results of study have been summarized as follows. Firstly, among the business factors in the adoption of IT outsourcing, the industrial competitiveness and supports of CEO appeared to have positive impacts on the results of outsourcing adoption. However the environmental changes in technologics for services appeared not to have significant impacts. Secondly, the outsourcing scope factors such as the infra outsourcing, application outsourcing and total outsourcing appeared to have positive impacts on the results of IT outsourcing adoption. Thirdly, the control of risk factors such as risk in safety management, risk of increase, and risk of loss of autonomy appeared to have positive impacts on the results of IT outsourcing adoption.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.18 no.1 s.26
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• pp.55-69
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• 2005

This study aims to investigate and practically examine the effect of environmental qualifications based on the theoretical background on the area. First, the economic effect of the acquisition of the qualifications was to be studied from the viewpoints of individuals and from an actual analysis on it, its effect was to be proved. Second, its non-economic effect was to be proved from the same way as the first analysis. On the basis of theoretical background, a study model was formulated in a way that the effect of qualifications in individuals side was divided into an economic effect (wage, employment, promotion, job-switching) and non-economic effect (self-development, self-efficiency, satisfaction on the job, ability to cope with the advancement of technology, job performance, signal effect, the settlement of uneasiness at unemployment). Then, survey was carried out with questions designed in accordance with this model. The hypotheses were proved as the following. First, for hypothesis 1(Environmental qualifications will bring up positive impacts on an individuals economic effect), environmental qualifications was shown to have positive impacts on wage, job-switching in personal economic effect. But, no personal economic effect appeared for employment and promotion. Second, for hypothesis 2(Environmental qualifications will bring up positive impacts on an individuals non-economic effect), environmental qualifications appeared to have positive impacts on self-efficiency, ability to cope with the advancement of technology, job performance and signal effect. Besides, no impact was shown in satisfaction on the job and the settlement of uneasiness at unemployment and self-development.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.53-63
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• 2014

Purpose - The rapid spread of SNS and increase of SNS users have heralded great changes in the tourism industry. Therefore, this study focused on how SNS characteristics- usefulness, convenience, interactivity, and intimacy - influence diffusivity, reliability and, consequently, user's preference for tourist attractions. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is designed not only to collect data with a questionnaire survey but also to test hypotheses with SEM by SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results - Usefulness, interactivity, and intimacy positively affect diffusivity, whereas convenience does not positively affect diffusivity. In addition, intimacy has a negative influence on reliability. However, diffusivity and reliability have positive impacts on the preference for tourist places. Conclusions - Certain characteristics of SNS facilitates the spreading of SNS tourist information. Usability and interactivity have positive impacts on the reliance of tourist information. Better communication can enhance the reliance of travel information. The influence of spreading tourist information has a positive influence on its reliance. Extension and reliance can have positive effects on the preference for tourist attractions.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.182-189
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• 2023

This study investigates the psychological effects of positive/negative valence order in repeated exposure to a suspenseful text. Specifically, the study seeks to understand how the order in which positive and negative elements are presented in a narrative impacts the experience of suspense, arousal, and enjoyment in readers or listeners. Using a suspenseful short story, participants were exposed to narratives with varying valence orders in a repeated-measures design. The study employed self-report questionnaires and psychophysiological measurements to capture participants' psychological responses. The results supported the hypothesis that repeated exposure impacts suspense, with negative valence enhancing suspense and arousal. Moreover, the order of valence influenced participants' psychological responses, indicating that positive valence can mitigate the impact of repeated exposure. However, the influence on enjoyment was not significant. Psychophysiological measures, specifically skin conductance level (SCL), revealed trends of habituation over repeated exposure. The findings underscore the significance of negative valence in heightening suspense and suggest directions for future research in exploring diverse factors that contribute to suspense in both fictional and real-life contexts.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-116
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• 2007

This study intends to examine the effects of CRM on the customer loyalty. Service quality, customer satisfaction, and organizational committment have been tested as mediating factors between the customers' perceived relational efforts and their loyalty. From 236 customers of insurance firms survey data have been collected and analyzed based on the structural equation modeling. The results show that firms' relational efforts have positive impacts on service quality and customer loyalty. Also, this study shows that service quality can play an important mediating role between CRM activities and customer satisfaction as well as organizational commitment, which have shown positive impacts on customer loyalty Consequently, firms need to design their CRM activities paying more attentions to the service qualify attributes, rather than asking too much from the target customers.