• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.815-821
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• 2011

This study aims to estimate the biological decomposition capacity of MPC(Microorganism Porous-Concrete). MPC has specific surface area formed by inside pores, and bio compound was added to those pores to reduce pollutants loading. To evaluate the water purification capacity of MPC, we carried out the comparative studies using different media types [GPC(General Porous-concrete), CPC(Compound porous-concrete), LPC(Lightweight aggregate porous-concrete)] under the condition of CFSTR, and different retention times (30, 60 and 120 min). We also estimated the purification capacity of MPC under different concentrations of pollutant loadings. The MPC showed higher efficiency in water purification function than other conventional porous concretes with efficient decrease rates of SS, BOD, COD, and nutrient concentrations. In the comparison experiment for different retention times, MPC showed the highest removal efficiency for all tested pollutants in the longest retention time(120 min). In the long period test, the removal efficiencies of MPC concrete were high until 100 days after the set up of the operation, but began to decrease. Outflow flux was invariable compared with inflow flux so that extra detention time for media fouling such as back washing is not needed. But the results suggested that appropriate management is necessary for long-term operation of MPC. As the final outcome, MPC using bio organisms is considered to be efficient for stream water purification when they used as substrates for artificial river structure.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.180-184
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• 2016

Legislative and regulatory actions regarding the exhaust gas from ships are being strengthened by both international organizations and national governments, to protect human health and the environment. Exhaust gas traps are excluded from exhaust gas regulation applications, but, recently, the United States, Britain, and other developed countries have examined a variety of ways to improve the system, including the introduction of electric propulsion systems to prevent air pollution generated by naval ships. This study investigates a large number of smoke problems of naval diesel engines to verify the effect of improving the nozzle characteristics. An exhaust gas emission measurement method to determine the quality of pollutant exhaust gas generated during low-load operation is proposed through the research methodology of the smoke problem. It was confirmed that the emissions value is improved by decreasing the nozzle hole diameter and increasing the injection pressure. At the same time, the flow rate decrease equation and setting up a test memo based on the nozzle diameter confirmed that the fuel consumption, to which the nozzle diameter in the flow path is related, is reduced.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.458-462
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• 2013

A drainage ditch is normally a component of drainage networks in farming systems to remove surplus water, but at the same time, it may act as a major conduit of agricultural nonpoint source pollutions such as sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, and so on. The hybrid turbidity reduction system using biodegradable check dam and synthetic polymer was developed in this study to manage pollutant discharge from agricultural farmlands during rainfall events and/or irrigation periods. The performance of this hybrid system was assessed using a laboratory open channel sized in 10m-length and 0.2m-width. Various check dams using agricultural byproducts (e.g., rice straw, rice husks, coconut fiber and a mixture of rice husks and coconut fiber) were tested and additional physical factors (e.g., channel slope, flowrate, PAM dosage, turbidity level, etc.) affecting on turbidity reduction were applied to assess their performance. A series of lab experiments clearly showed that the hybrid turbidity reduction system could play a significant role as a supplementary of Best Management Practice (BMP). Moreover, the findings of this study could facilitate to develop an advanced BMP for minimizing nonpoint source pollution from agricultural farmlands and ultimately to achieve the sustainable agriculture.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 2015

Paper records were generally degraded by some factors from atmospheric environments, like temperature, relative humidity or air pollutants. In this study, the degradation behavior of paper records by single or mixed gases of $NO_2$, $SO_2$, HCHO and TVOC was evaluated. The mechanical, optical and chemical properties of 4 kinds of paper (acid and neutral-based printing paper, traditional Hanji, and filter paper) were directly and indirectly affected by gaseous harmful materials. The brightness and $L^*$ value in all papers were slightly increased by accelerated aging under gaseous HCHO and TVOCs, but highly decreased by conditions under gases $NO_2$ and $SO_2$. The optical properties of paper records were most vulnerable in acid-based paper and high stable in filter paper and traditional Hanji by air pollutant degradation. The aging treatments under mixed gas pollutants including $NO_2$ resulted in decrease of physical, mechanical and optical properties of paper, so it was supposed that the concentration of $NO_2$ gas would be strictly controlled for optimum indoor air quality management in domestic storage centers for paper records.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.228-236
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• 2011

Since most Green House Gases (GHGs) and air pollutants are generated from the same sources, it will be cost-effective to develop a GHGs reduction plan in combination with simultaneous removal of air pollutants. However, effects on air pollutants reduction according to implementing any GHG abatement plans have been rarely studied. Reflecting simultaneous removal of air pollutants along with the GHGs emission reduction, this study investigated relative cost effectiveness among GHGs reduction action plans in Busan Metropolitan City. We employed the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a methodology that evaluates relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) producing multiple outputs with multiple inputs, for the investigation. Assigning each GHGs reduction action plan to a DMU, implementation cost of each GHGs reduction action plan to an input, and reduction potential of GHGs and air pollutants by each GHGs reduction action plan to an output, we calculated efficiency scores for each GHGs reduction action plan. When the simultaneous removal of air pollutants with the GHGs reduction were considered, green house supply-insulation improvement and intelligent transportation system (ITS) projects had high efficiency scores for cost-positive action plans. For cost-negative action plans, green start network formation and running, and daily car use control program had high efficiency scores. When only the GHGs reduction was considered, project priority orders based on efficiency scores were somewhat different from those when both the removal of air pollutants and GHGs reduction were considered at the same time. The expected action plan priority difference is attributed to great difference of air pollutants reduction potential according to types of energy sources to be reduced.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2015

Various Best Management Practices (BMPs) have been suggested to reduce soil erosion and non point source (NPS) pollutant loads from agricultural fields. However, very little research regarding water quality improvement with No-till (NT) has been performed in Korea. Thus, effects of NT were investigated in this study. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of NT on the surface runoff and sediment discharge in a field. Eight experimental plots of $5{\times}30m$ in size and 3 % or 8 % in slope prepared on gravelly sandy loam soil were treated with Conventional-till (CT) and NT. Runoff and NPS pollution discharge were monitored and compared the treatments. The amounts of rainfall from 13 monitored events ranged from 28.7 mm to 503.5 mm. The runoff amount was reduced by 17.6~59.2 % in 3 % NT and 29.6~53.2 % in 8 % NT. The average NPS pollution loads of the 3 % NT plots and 8 % NT plot were reduced about 45.1~89.2 % and 47.7~98.0 % compared to those of the CT plots, respectively. This research revealed that NT can reduce the NPS pollution loads substantially as well as increase the crop yield. Runoff and NPS pollution loads reduction by NT method could be contribute to improve the water quality of streams in agricultural regions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.403-415
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• 1999

To properly assess air pollution levels, application of quality assurance and quality control(QA/QC) is believed to be an essential step. In order to cope with such scientific principle, a field study was designed with an aim of comparing: 1) the methods of calibration for airborne pollutants and 2) the protocols developed for their measurements. Measurements were made at Han Yang University, Seoul during 29 May through 1 June 1998 under the management of the Division of Measurements and Analysis(DMA) of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment(KOSAE). In this work, we report our results of intercomparative measurements on several gaseous criteria pollutants that were investigated mainly by the two institutes-Seoul National University(SNU) and the Korean Research Institute for Standards and Science(KRISS). Although measurements of major gaseous pollutants had been made routinely by many scientific institutes and organizations in Korea, most scientists involved in those studieswere obliged to do their experiments on the basis of their own procedural steps spaning from the preparation of gaseous standards to the methodological selections for the calibration. Hence, this campaign offered a unique opportunity to examine many important aspects on the measurements of these important gaseous pollutants. In the course of our study, we investigated the compatibility of data sets obtained by the two institutes in concert with reference data sets collected concurrently from a government-managed monitoring station. On the basis of our study, we conclude that different data sets made by different participants during this campaign agree well within the reasonable range of uncertainties.low, which indicated that during this period the potential acidity of precipitation was high but the neutralizing capacity was low. For Spring, pAi was very low but pH was slightly high. This was likely due to the large amount of $CaCO_3$ in the soil particles transported over a long range from the Chinese continent that were incorporated into the precipitation, and then neutralized the acidifying species with its high concentraton.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2001

Nowadays, various water quality prediction models have been studied, then these models can support the method which evaluate the effect of various alternative water quality management by simulation without experimentation. But, It is necessary to create complex input data file for applying these water quality model and even though the appropriate result is extracted, it is impossible to use as decision making data effectively because of the limitation of expression of model itself. As this study is about the stream water quality modeling, for overcoming the model's above limitation, by developing an interface which can calculate the pollutant load of watershed, I could create a input data file and visualize the simulation result so that I was going to integrate water quality model and GSIS using Flexible coupling applied to GSIS in the pre-process and post-process on model. The QUAL2E model, used in this study, is verified by stream water quality model in previous various results of study and has many examples through previous study, because that is appropriate to water quality model, especially in Korea, and comparatively accurate and their usage is quite simple.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.523-530
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• 2012

Runoff, NPS pollution load and flow-weighted mean concentration (FWMC) occurred by snowmelt and rainfall runoff were compared by a variance analysis. Snowmelt runoff ranged between 1,449 and $19,921m^3$. The peak snowmelt runoff was similar to the runoff that occurred by about 40mm/day rainfall. And average snowmelt runoff was not significantly different from the runoff that occurred by 25.5 mm/day rainfall. Average values of SS loads and FWMCs were 5,438 kg/day and 954.9 mg/L, respectively. SS loads and FWMCs were in the similar range with those that occurred by 39.0 mm/day and 53.0 mm/day rainfall, respectively. Daily SS and COD loads and FWMCs occurred by snowmelt and rainfall were analyzed not to be significantly different. Overall assessment led that the NPS pollution loads by snowmelt runoff had a similar characteristics with the loads by about 40 mm/day rainfall runoff. It was recommended that the agricultural fields in snowy region needs to managed not only for rainfall runoff but also snowmelt runoff for an effective water quality management.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1016-1027
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• 2010

The phosphorus contribution rate on water quality of North and South-Han River, and Gyungan-cheon by effluents from environmental fundamental facilities located in upstream basin of Paldang Lake were analyzed. QUALKO2 model was selected for the analysis of contrubution rate, and was constructed considering the location of the main point sources and all facilities in study area. The pollutant loading rates and arrival rates for each unit-watershed in study area were calculated for model operation. For the calibration and verification of model, 2006 water quality dataset from Ministry of Environment and the effluent loadings of the environmental fundamental facilities were used. Reliability Index (RI) method was used to estimate the validity of the results of calibration and verification. The phosphorous contribution rate(%) for each environmental fundamental facility were analyzed by excepting the effluent loading of the facility. The contribution rate was analyzed for each facility, facility groups separated by each main river and each unit-watershed. The main results of analysis for each facility are as follows; (i) the phosphorous contribution of B1 facility is 50%, which is the highest phosphorous contribution rate among those of nine facilities in the North-Han River Basin; (ii) the highest phosphorous contribution is 55.6% from J facility among eight facilities in the Gyungan Stream Basin; (iii) 40% from E treatment facility is the highest among those of twenty eight facilities in the South-Han River Basin.