• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2014

Particle number portable emission measurement system (PN-PEMS) is an instrument for measuring number concentration of automobile exhaust. The principle of some pre-existing commercial PN-PEMS is to charge particles and display the number of particles by measuring current. However, this method has some problems for measuring exhaust. In this study, to solve these issues, we have developed a single particle counting PN-PEMS based condensation particle counter (CPC). The PN-PEMS based CPC does not affect driving conditions and it is convenient for mobile because the instrument is small and light in structure. We evaluated counting efficiency of PN-PEMS based CPC by using electrostatic method (electrometer and Faraday cup).

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2012

Particulate matters (PM) that is generated by most diesel engine is regulated by the mass concentration measured by the conventional method it had been. Recently, Europe PMP (Particle Measurement Program) decided to start the regulation of vehicle's nano-sized particle number (PN) from the year of 2011 because of nano-particle's higher degree of harm to the human body. So firstly, the standard level of PN emission is introduced in the Euro 5/6 emissions regulation with a limit of $6{\times}10^{11}$ per km for light duty vehicle. Also KPMP(Korea Particle Measurement Program) was organized to copy quickly international technical trend. In this paper, it was investigated the nano-sized PN measurement characteristics for different particle generators between spray type and soot type. And the difference ratio between particle generators, the characteristic of PN concentration, counting efficiency and linearity was analyzed. Then, we make conclusions as followed. When particle diameter is increased, counting efficiency of two generators is decreased. Also Secondary calibration method is more higher 3% than Primary calibration method. Finally, SOF which is included in soot particles is not totally removed so it have great influence on test result of counting efficiency and linearity.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2014

As the regulations for Particulate Matter (PM) and Particle Number (PN) emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Vehicle stringent recently, a lot of studies have been made on the emission characteristics of PM and PN. In this study, PM and PN emission characteristics were compared to GDI and Multi Port Injection (MPI) Vehicles using the Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) measurement equipment. And driving mode is divided into normal driving mode (CVS-75, NEDC, NIER 6, NIER 9) and a constant speed driving mode (10 km/h, 35 km/h, 80 km/h, 110 km/h) to evaluate the characteristics in the various operating conditions. In the results, most of the driving mode, PM and PN were emitted from GDI Vehicle more than MPI Vehicle. However, in the constant speed mode of 110 km/h, PM and PN from MPI Vehicle were also a lot of emission. It is determined to cause a difficulty in the fuel injection control of the MPI Vehicle.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.95-96
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• 2014

In this study, the nano-particle emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection(GDI) vehicles was measured using the Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer(EEPS) on a chassis dynamometer. In addition, driving mode were divided into cold start mode(CVS-75, NEDC) and hot start mode(NIER-6, NIER-9) to evaluated the characteristics in the various operating conditions. The Particle Number(PN) concentration was analyzed for various driving patterns, i.e., acceleration, deceleration, idling, cruising and the phases of mode. In a result, Total concentration of PN for size was concentrated from 50 to 100 nm and acceleration represents the highest concentration among the driving pattern. It is believed that the increases quantity of fuel, and mixture will be richer than other patterns.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2016

가스연료인 LPG와 CNG는 청정 대체연료로서 차량용 연료로 많이 사용되고 있다. 특히 CNG의 경우 저탄소 연료로서 온실가스 배출량 저감에 기여할 수 있다, LPG의 경우 가솔린 차량과 거의 동등한 성능을 가지면서도 연료가격이 저렴하여 택시에 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 동일차량에서 LPG와 CNG를 사용하여 배출가스와 최근 문제가 되고 있는 입자상물질의 배출개수(PN; particle number)에 대하여 비교하였다. 차대동력계를 이용하여 FTP-75와 WLTC 모드에 대하여 시험을 진행하였다. PN은 두 대의 CPC(Condensation Particle Counter)를 이용하여 5 nm 이상과 23 nm 이상의 입자에 대하여 배출 개수를 측정하였다. 배출가스에 있어서는 CO2의 경우 LPG 차량이, 메탄의 경우 CNG 차량이 많이 배출되었다. PN의 경우 두 연료에서 배출되는 PN은 비슷한 수준이었으며, WLTC 에서 고속운전하는 동안 23 nm 이하 크기의 입자 배출 개수가 많았다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 1990

본 논문에서는 플라스틱 검출기의 일종인 알릴 다이글리콜 카보네이트 물질 (PN-3) 에서의 하전입자의 검출 방법과 여러장의 흡수체를 통과하여 얻어진 알파 업자의 에너지 (3.17～5.49 MeV) 에 대한 알파입자 궤적의 특성을 논의하였다. 또한 등가흡수선량율을 계산하였고, 일파입자의 도달거리를 특정하기위해 섬광계수기를 사용하였다. PN-3 의 에칭특성과 검출 특성등이 여러가지 변수들로 표현되었다. 즉, 부식당한 입자궤적의 길이가 갖는 각각의 알파입자 에너지에대한 연관성등을 논의하였다. PN-3 플라스틱 선량 검출기에 기록된 알 파업자의 에칭과정에서 매우 흥미있는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the impact of low level bio-alcohols that can be applied without modification of vehicles to improve air quality in Korea. The emissions and fuel economy of low level bio-alcohols mixed gasoline fuels of spark ignition vehicles, which are direct injection and port fuel injection, were studied in this paper. As a result of the evaluation, the particle number (PN) was reduced in all evaluation fuels compared to the sub octane gasoline without oxygen, but the correlation with the PN due to the increase in the oxygen content was not clear. In the CVS-75 mode, emitted CO tended to decrease compared to sub octane gasoline, but no significant correlation was found between NMHC, NOx and fuel economy. In addition, it was found that the aldehyde increased in the oxygenated fuel, and there was no difference in terms of the amount of aldehyde generated among a series of bio-alcohol mixed fuels.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2019

In Korea, Medium-duty trucks are classified into GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) 3.5~10tons. MDTs are mostly used for logistics or delivery between regions. There have been studied on diesel fuel vehicles for SUVs(Sports Utility Vehicle) or light-duty trucks. But MDTs have been not studied. Therefore, this study have been used MDTs for characteristic exhaust emission. Test was carried out using the certification test mode (NEDC, New European Driving cycle) and the NIER mode in chassis dynamometer of the MDTs. And emission gas was analyzed for PN (Particulate Number), PN size distribution and aldehydes, VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds), PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons). This paper concluded that EURO-IV trucks produced more MSATs than EURO V trucks. Depending on the engine temperature, more MSATs were generated in cold temperature than in the hot start operation. However, the driving speed, the opposite results was obtained.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2022

Even in non-road UTV (Utility Terrain Vehicle), spark ignition engines are often used to reduce emissions. In this study, gasoline and LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) fuels were applied to UTV engines, and the exhaust gas and combustion stability were compared through engine tests. A 0.8-liter two-cylinder SI engine was used in the experiment. Experiments were conducted while changing the IVO (Intake Valve Open) and EVC (Exhaust Valve Close) at 1500 rpm 14 N·m, 40 N·m, and 3000 rpm 17 N·m, 44 N·m conditions. As a result of the experiment, when the valve overlap increased according to the change of IVO and EVC, combustion stability decreased and THC emission increased, but NOx decreased. Comparing the LPG engine with the gasoline engine, the amount of CO₂ and PN (Particulate Number) generation decreased in the LPG engine, and the combustion stability was good.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2014

In this study, characteristics of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter were investigated on the condition of DPF regeneration and normal DPF condition. THC, CO, $CO_2$, NOx, and $CH_4$ were analyzed by MEXA-7200H and CVS-7100 respectively. Particulate Matter (PM) was measured by difference in weight of Membrane filter. Particle Number (PN) was measured by CPC analyzer. And Sulfate, Nitrate, Organic were measured by Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). As a result, gaseous pollutants and particulate matter were detected in higher concentration during DPF regeneration than normal DPF condition. And the PN increased by 94%, the fuel consumption was reduced by 29% on DPF generation process. Sulfate, Nitrate and Organic were undetectable level during normal DPF condition. But the highest concentration of Sulfate, Nitrate and Organic were measured as $100{\mu}g/m^3$, $20{\mu}g/m^3$ and $15{\mu}g/m^3$ respectively on DPF regeneration condition. VOCs concentrations (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene) were analyzed by using PTR-MS. Benzene and Toluene emission have little or no change depending on DPF regeneration. But the Ethylbenzene and Xylene have comparatively low emissions on DPF regeneration.