• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate Influence on intra-limb coordination in individuals wearing knee brace during walking. Seven healthy male adults ($32.3{\pm}2.7$ years old, $175.2{\pm}3.8cm$, $76.2{\pm}8.7kg$) participated. They wore knee brace or didn't wear any knee brace and were asked to walk along a 10 m long walkway. Spatiotemporal parameters, angles of the lower limbs, and intra-limb continuous relative phase (CRP) were measured and calculated. No differences of spatiotemporal parameters were shown (all p > 0.05). There were no changes in the angle and its range of motion (ROM) in the hip for the subjects as wearing knee brace, while ROM ($65.5{\pm}3.7^{\circ}$ vs. $60.5{\pm}3.5^{\circ}$, p < 0.05) of the angle and maximum flexion angles (stance: $31.9{\pm}4.6$ vs. $25.6{\pm}5.5$, swing: $76.7{\pm}3.1$ vs. $68.9{\pm}3.4$, all p < 0.05) in the knee significantly decreased. No changes in ROM of angle in the ankle were shown, whereas maximum dorsiflexion decreased ($22.4{\pm}2.6$ vs. $19.2{\pm}2.1$, p < 0.05) and maximum plantarflexion increased ($9.5{\pm}3.0$ vs. $15.7{\pm}2.2$, p<0.05). There were no changes in most of CRP between joints. CRP between the hip and knee joints decreased ($93.0{\pm}7.8$ vs, $84.7{\pm}4.9$, p < 0.05). Most of CRP standard deviation increased (between the hip and ankle joint during swing: $25.1{\pm}6.7$ vs. $32.4{\pm}1.9$, between the knee and ankle joint during stance: $46.0{\pm}12.9$ vs. $80.1{\pm}31.1$, between the knee and ankle joint during swing: $34.5{\pm}4.1$ vs. $37.6{\pm}3.1$, all p < 0.05). These results indicated that wearing knee brace affected joint angle and intra-limb coordination, but less affected gait features.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of water temperature and photoperiod on oxygen consumption (OC) in the giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus. OC rate in the giant grouper at 17, 22, 27 and $32^{\circ}C$ were $61.7{\pm}0.4$, $72.2{\pm}0.6$, $102.9{\pm}0.8$ and $141.7{\pm}1.0mg\;O_2/kg/h$, respectively, indicating a linear increase in OC with water temperature. Photoperiod was regulated in accordance with the light (06:00~18:00 h, L) and dark (18:00~06:00 h, D) phases of the diel cycle (12L/12D), with a water temperature of at 17, 22, 27 and $32^{\circ}C$. OC rates during the light and dark phases were $62.7{\pm}0.4$, $62.5{\pm}0.3mg\;O_2/kg/h$, respectively, at $17^{\circ}C$. No significant differences were observed between the light and dark phases (P>0.05). OC raters during the light and dark phases were $74.8{\pm}0.7$, $69.6{\pm}0.6mg\;O_2/kg/h$ at $22^{\circ}C$, $107{\pm}1.2$, $98.0{\pm}0.7mg\;O_2/kg/h$ at $27^{\circ}C$ and $147.6{\pm}1.1$, $135.8{\pm}0.8mg\;O_2/kg/h$ at $32^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that OC is higher during daylight than nighttime. Giant grouper is thought to be a diurnal fish species, because the level of oxygen consumption during light period was higher than that during dark period.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

This research is about spawning behavior and morphological development of the eggs and larvae of fringed blenny which lives in Korean sea. It helps to find out the relation between fringed blenny larvae and other stichaeidae larva. Moreover, it is going to use for the basic data of taxonomical research. There were 8 mother fishes (total length 31.8~34.0 cm, average $32.9{\pm}0.21cm$), which were captured from the cost of Sindeok-dong, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do from December, 2010. we used trap to capture them. Mother fishes were brought to glass aquarium ($50{\times}30{\times}35cm$) and nurtured with recirculate rearing system. Breeding water temperature was $12.3{\sim}15.8^{\circ}C$ (average $14.1{\pm}2.47$) and salinity was 32.5~33.5‰ (average $33.0{\pm}0.05$‰). fertilized egg was round, opaque demersal egg. The size was 1.81~2.19 mm (average $2.00{\pm}0.27mm$, n=50). Incubation was begun after 271 hours and 30 minutes from fertilization. It started with piercing the egg membrane. prelarvae had length of 8.45~8.84 mm (average $8.65{\pm}0.28mm$, n=5) right after the incubation, and both mouth and anus were opened. After 11 days from the incubation, postlarvae had length of 10.5~11.3 mm (average $10.9{\pm}0.57mm$), and the number of myotomes was increased to 66.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1514-1521
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• 2009

To evaluate the feasibility of cathepsin-B levels in preoperatively screening patients with thyroid cancer, we assigned these patients to either the thyroid cancer group (n=32) or the nodular hyperplasia group (n=7). Five healthy volunteers served as controls (n=5). We quantified cathepsin-B expressions in cancerous lesions with follicular carcinoma and hyperplastic lesions with nodular hyperplasia, and compared the degrees to those of normal thyroid tissue, which was obtained from matched contralateral lobe. The activity of serum cathepsin B was significantly higher in patients with thyroid carcinoma ($284.87{\pm}79.32$, ${\times}10^{-2}\;mU$) and those with nodular hyperplasia ($255.45{\pm}95.68$, ${\times}10^{-2}\;mU$) than compared to normal control ($168.94{\pm}15.10$, ${\times}10^{-2}\;mU$) (p<0.05). Based on the results of immunoassay, the concentrations of cathepsin B in the thyroid cancer group ($15.50{\pm}7.86\;ng/ml$) and the nodular hyperplasia group ($17.64{\pm}7.49\;ng/ml$) were higher than those of the control group ($4.85{\pm}0.61\;ng/ml$). The degree of cathepsin-B mRNA expression was significantly higher in cancerous or hyperplastic lesions than normal thyroid tissues from matched contralateral lobe with follicular carcinoma or non-neoplastic thyroid disease. Our results indicate that the activity of serum cathepsin B is a useful indicator in screening patients with nodular hyperplasia or neoplastic thyroid disease and it may be involved in the abnormal proliferation of cells.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of human rights sensitivity of occupational therapist and to compare the difference of the human rights sensitivity according to their characteristics and to provide basic data for the development of human rights education programs for occupational therapists in the future and to emphasize their role as human rights advocates. Methods : The subjects for this study were occupational therapists who chosen by snowball sampling method. The questionnaire consisted of 5 episodes and 30 questions to measure the level of occupational therapist's human rights sensitivity and 7 questions for identifying general characteristics of subjects. We distributed the questionnaire by on-line. 165 copies were collected and used to final data analysis. Results : The average of occupational therapists' human rights sensitivity was $33.52{\pm}14.96$. According to the subcategories, the average of perception of situation was $20.44{\pm}2.32$, perception of result was $19.85{\pm}2.32$, and the perception of responsibility was $19.14{\pm}2.21$. Among 5 episodes, The highest score was the right to pursue one's happiness of the elderly($12.72{\pm}1.56$), and the lowest score was the right to personal freedom in disabled ($11.04{\pm}2.23$). There were significantly differences of the subjects' age, educational level, organization type, and the level of clinical experiences. Conclusion : Occupational therapists' human rights sensitivity increased with age and the level of clinical experiences. And the human rights sensitivity increased as they were exposed to various human rights related circumstances. The reason of the highest score for situational awareness was that empathy for the client-centered intervention is important. This study confirmed that it is necessary to have human rights education and various educational programs.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2002

To identify and evaluate the dichlorobenzidine(DCB)-DNA adducts in liver cell and bladder epithelial cells by $^{32}$ P-postlabeling and GC/MS-SIM, we orally exposed the dichlorobenzidine(20mg/kh body wt./day) to male Sprague-Dawley rats(l85$\pm$10g) for 14 days. Two kinds of DCB-DNA adduct(A1 and A2) were found at the same site of thin layer chromatogram of $^{32}$ P-postlabeling method in liver cells and bladder epithelial cells. In liver cells, relative adduct labeling(RAL) $\times$ 10$^{12}$ of DCB-DNA adduct A1 were 34.1$\pm$3.71 and 69.9$\pm$5.02, that of adduct A2 were 74.1$\pm$10.1 and 105.1$\pm$10.1 on 10 and 14 days after treatment, respectively. And in bladder epithelia cells, RAL $\times$ 10$^{12}$ of DCB-DNA adduct A1 were 5.92$\pm$1.60 and 15.9$\pm$1.31, that of adduct A2 were 9.81$\pm$2.81 and 22.8$\pm$1.79 on 10 and 14 days after treatment, respectively. DCB metabolites formed DNA adducts were monoacetyl-dichlorobenzidine(acDCB) and diacetyl-dichlorobenzidine(di-acDCB), which was identify by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-scan ionization mode(GC/MS-SIM), after hydrolysis of DCB-DNA adducts isolated from live cells and bladder epithelial cells. The base peak of acDCB were 252 and 294 m/z, and that of di-acDCB were 252, 294 and 336 m/z. In conclusion, the exposed DCB formed two kinds of DCB-DNA adduct, the proximate materials of that were acDCB and di-acDCB in liver and bladder epithelial cells. And the above GC/MS-SIM method was found the DCB-DNA adducts could be monitoring by gas chromatography.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2018

The purpose of pilot clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy on TEWL(Transepidermal Water Loss) and skin hydration. A total of 36 human who visited Dongshin University Oriental Medical Center from October 2nd, 2015 to July 31st, 2016 were included in the pilot clinical trial. Acupuncture therapy was performed at Gokji(LI11) and Daechu(GV14). We observed change of TEWL(Transepidermal Water Loss), skin hydration before and after acupuncture therapy. In the primary endpoint, index of TEWL showed a statistically significant decline($8.01{\pm}2.55{\rightarrow}6.58{\pm}1.97g/h/m2$, $7.40{\pm}2.65{\rightarrow}4.99{\pm}1.89g/h/m2$). Index of skin hydration showed statistical significance($52.83{\pm}6.53{\rightarrow}56.82{\pm}7.24$, $63.50{\pm}8.57{\rightarrow}64.96{\pm}8.48$). To evaluate the safety, vital sign check were conducted and showed no statistically significant result. And there were no severe adverse events during this study. According to the above pilot clinical trial, it is suggested acupuncture therapy were effective for skin moisturizing.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

We examine the metabolites(DCB and acetyl DCB) extracted from exfoliated urothelial cells of 33 workers who employed DCB-handling industries. The characteristics of workers submitted urine, whose age, working years and smoking persons were 41.9$\pm$11.1, 8.7$\pm$5.5 and 25(32.0%), respectively. DNA adduct was isolated from the exfoliated urothelial cells by applying $^{32}$ p-postlabeling procedure. Metabolites(DCB and acetyl DCB) were extracted from DNA adducts by hydrolyzing and N-glycosylase. Concentrations of DCB and acetyl DCB were 28.6$\pm$5.25 ng/g DNA, and 17.0$\pm$3.73 ng/g DNA, respectively. The regression between DCB level and exposure years of workers is y = 1.668 + 2.588x(p = 0.005, $r^2$= 0.394). The regression between acetyl DCB level and exposure years of workers is y = 8.071 + 1.325x(p = 0.076, $r^2$= 0.222). Smoking workers are significantly higher than non-smoking workers on DCB and acetyl DCB level(p = 0.065 and 0.021, respectively). DCB level was 33.9$\pm$7.14 ng/g DNA on smokers, and 23.1$\pm$9.97 ng/g DNA on non-smokers. Acetyl DCB was 25.1$\pm$5.27 ng/g DNA on smokers, and 8.92$\pm$7.22 ng/g DNA on non-smokers.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.12 s.257
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• pp.821-827
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• 2005

Background: Hemodilution after priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass is known to increase the possibility of bleeding and homologous transfusion in adult cardiac surgery. We investigated the effects of retrograde autologous priming (RAP) to see whether it would decrease postoperative bleeding and homologous transfusion. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed 34 patients wpho underwent RAP and 46 patients who did not. Retrograde autologous priming consisted of arterial lire drainage, venous reservoir and oxygenator drainage and venous line drainage. We compared the amount of priming solution and RAP volume, perioperative hematocrit, postoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements in the two groups. Resuit: Mean withdrawal volume in RAP group was 613.5$\pm$160.6 mL and initial priming volume was 1381.9$\pm$37.2 mL. Hemoatocrits ($\%$) in RAP and control groups were 25.0$\pm$3.7 vs 20.9$\pm$3.6 (5 minutes after CPB), 25.9$\pm$3.7 vs 22.5$\pm$3.6 (30 minutes after CPB), 25.9$\pm$3.4 vs 23.8$\pm$2.8 (60 minutes after CPB), 31.9$\pm$3.9 vs 31.5$\pm$4.5 (postoperative 1 hour), 32.4$\pm$4.4 vs 32.1$\pm$4.5 (postoperative 6 hours), 33.4$\pm$5.0 vs 31.7$\pm$5.1 (postoperative 1 day)[repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.05]. Chest tube drainages (mL) in the two groups were 357.2$\pm$177.1 vs 411.7$\pm$279.5 (postoperative 6 hours), 599.4$\pm$145.6 vs 678.8$\pm$256.4 (postoperative 24 hours)[t-test, p < 0.05]. Homologous transfusion was performed in 7 out of 34 patients in RAP group (20.6$\%$), and 16 out of 46 (34.8$\%$) in control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the effects of reducing the priming volume during cardiopulmonary bypass may result in lesser bleeding and homologous transfusion. Retrograde autologous priming would be used to reduce postoperative bleeding and chance of transfusion after adult cardiac surgery.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1978

The purpose of this survey was to determine crude fat, crude protein, phospholipid, and total Cholesterol contents of Seolnong-Tang and Other 11 Samples which are traditional diet in Korea, The results obtained were summarized as folllows; 1) The content of crude protein was $7.34{\pm}1.08%$ in Chueo-Tang to $2.94{\pm}0.08%$ in Sundae-Gug, and the content of crude fat was $7.20{\pm}0.31%$ in Seonji-Gug to $2.64{\pm}0.31%$ in Jog-Tang 2) Triglyceride Content of fat was the highest value in Seolnong-Tang ($89.09{\pm}1.34%$) and the lowest one Samgae-Tang ($75.29{\pm}0.37%$). 3) Phospolipid content of fat showed the highest group in Yuqqae-Jang ($12.39{\pm}0.28%$) and Seonji-Gug ($12.18{\pm}0.31%$) the lowest group was Seolnong-Tang ($4.88{\pm}0.73%$) and Dogani-Tang ($4091{\pm}0.30%$). 4) In total cholesterol content of fat extracted, Bosin-fang ($1732.28{\pm}80.85mg%$) was the highest value and Dogani-Tang ($570.66{\pm}22.04mg%$) showed the lowest. 5) In total cholesterol contents of one diet, the highest group was Seonji-Gug ($667.40{\pm}35.73mg$) and Bosin-Tang ($652.96{\pm}22.27mg$) the lowest group was Jog-Tang ($147.64{\pm}17.33mg$) Daggom-Tang ($174.32{\pm}16.63mg$) and Dogani-Tang ($176.36{\pm}19.13mg$).