• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2009

In the present study, effects of concentration of cryoprotectant solutions on the nuclear maturation of vitrifiedthawed porcine oocytes were examined. Oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 5% FBS at $38^{\circ}$C in 5% $C0_2$ and air. The percentage of monospermy in the toxicity group and vitrification group (22.0 ${\pm}$ 3.0% and 31.5 ${\pm}$ 3.5%) was decreased compared with that of the control group (44.0 ${\pm}$ 4.0%). The percentage of in vitro development to blastocyst in the toxicity group and vitrification group (12.0 ${\pm}$ 2.5% and 14.8 ${\pm}$ 2.8%) was decreased compared with that of the control group (28.0 ${\pm}$ 3.0%, p<0.05). The survival and in vitro developmental rate of oocytes vitrification-thawed with EDS and EDT + TCM-199 medium supplemented with 0.1% PVA were 46.3 ${\pm}$ 3.0%, 54.5 ${\pm}$ 3.8% and 14.8 ${\pm}$ 2.5%, 16.4 ${\pm}$ 2.7%, respectively. This results were lower than the control group (28.0 ${\pm}$ 3.5%). The in vitro developmental rate of embryos vitrified with EDS and EDT supplemented PVA did not have a significant difference. The survival and in vitro developmental rate of vitrified-thawed morula and blastocyst embryos were 44.2 ${\pm}$ 3.5%, 17.3 ${\pm}$ 3.0% and 48.1 ${\pm}$ 4.2%, 18.5 ${\pm}$ 3.5%, respectively. Vitrified morulae and blastcyst embryos had a lower survival and developmental rates than their control counterparts.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and NH3 emissions from different types of laying hens poultry houses during spring. The concentrations of PM and NH3 were measured three times (2-week intervals; March to May) in Floor-pen-, Aviary-, and Cage-type poultry houses. Overall, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations were found to be low from 22:00 to 04:00. The PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations in Floor-pen and Cage houses were similar with no significant daily deviation. NH₃ concentrations measured over 24 h at the center and end of Floor-pen house were relatively constant. Irrespective of measurement location, NH₃ concentrations were the lowest in Floor-pen house. Moreover, NH₃ concentrations were higher at the end of Floor-pen and Aviary houses than that at the center; however, lower concentrations of NH₃ were detected at the end of Cage house. The concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 around the poultry houses were 57.5 and 34.0 ㎍/m³, respectively, with the daily average PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations (4,730 and 447.7 ㎍/m³, respective) being the highest in Aviary house. The concentrations of NH₃ at the center and end of Cage house were the highest at 12.0 and 9.31 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, in Cage house, the emission factor of NH₃ was the lowest, whereas there was no significant difference on that of NH₃. In conclusion, among the three types of poultry houses assessed, PM (PM₁₀, PM_2.5) concentrations were higher in Aviary house, whereas NH3 concentrations were higher in Cage house.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2003

The aim of this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sugar kinds and combination of various sugars on acrosome damage of post-thaw spermatozoa in canine. The extender used in this study was Tris-citric acid extender (Tris-buffer) supplemented with 20% Egg-yolk, 8% glycerol, 1% Equex STM paste, and 70 mM sugars such as monosaccharide (fructose and xylose) and disaccharide(trehalose). To evaluate of sugar combination, the sugars supplemented in Tris-buffer were combined such as control (fructose, xylose, trehalose), two combinations (Fru+Tre, Fru+Xyl, Tre+Xyl) and three combinations (Fru+Tre+Xyl). The acrosome damage rate of post-thaw spermatozoa in Eosin B & Fast Green stain in Fruc+Tre was higher than those in fructose, trehalose, xylose, Fruc+Xyl, Tre+Xyl, Fruc+Tre+Xyl (83.0$\pm$5.6 vs. 82.3$\pm$3.1%, 81.7$\pm$2.1%, 72.0$\pm$2.0%; 80.3$\pm$4.5%, 76.7$\pm$3.8%, 81.0$\pm$5.6). The motility after CASA analysis in Fru+Tre was higher than those in Fru+Tre+Xyl, Tre+Xyl, Fru+Xyl, Xylose, Trehalose, Fructose(79$\pm$6 vs 75$\pm$3, 74$\pm$8, 71$\pm$11, 70$\pm$4, 66$\pm$15, 63$\pm$ 12%). However, the progressive motility after CASA analysis in Fru+Tre group was higher than those in Fru+Tre+Xyl, Tre+Xyl, Fru+Xyl, Xylose, Trehalose, Fructose (67$\pm$7, 64$\pm$3, 62$\pm$6, 61$\pm$8, 60$\pm$2, 57$\pm$13, 53$\pm$10%). The results indicated that the acrosome damage & progressive motility of post-thaw spermatozoa in 70 mM Fruc+Tre (two combination) following Eosin B & Fast Green stain and CASA analysis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.310-318
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• 2011

The collection of atmospheric $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ particle samples was made at Gosan site of Jeju Island, which is one of the most representative background sites in Korea. Their chemical compositions have been analyzed to explore the pollution characteristics and emission sources. The mass concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ particles were $37.6{\pm}20.1$ and $22.9{\pm}14.3{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, with the content of $PM_{2.5}$ to $PM_{10}$ as 61%. The $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratios of nss-$SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$, and $NH_4^+$ were 0.94, 0.56, 1.02, respectively, indicating that these components were distributed mostly in the fine fractions. Based on the factor analysis, it was found that the compositions of fine particles were mainly influenced by anthropogenic sources, followed by soil or marine sources. The results of the backward trajectory analysis indicate that the concentrations of nss-$SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$, $NH_4^+$, nss-$Ca^{2+}$, and Pb were high when the air parcels moved from the China continent, while relatively low with the air parcels coming from North Pacific Ocean and/or East Sea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.581-594
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• 2019

This research investigated the characteristics of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations at the main subway stations in Busan. Annual mean $PM_{10}$ concentrations at the Seomyeon 1- waiting room and platform were $51.3{\mu}g/m^3$ and $47.5{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, and the annual $PM_{2.5}$ concentration at the Seomyeon 1- platform was $28.8{\mu}g/m^3$. $PM_{2.5}$/$PM_{10}$ ratio at Seomyeon 1-platform and Dongnae station were 0.58 and 0.53, respectively. Diurnal variation of $PM_{10}$ concentration at subway stations in Busan was categorized into four types, depending on the number of peaks and the times at which the peaks occurred. Unlike the areas outside of the subway stations which reported maximum $PM_{10}$ concentration mostly in spring across the entire locations, the interiors of the subway stations reported the maximum $PM_{10}$ concentration in spring, winter, and even summer, depending on their location. $PM_{10}$ concentration was highest on Saturday and lowest on Sunday. The numbers of days when $PM_{10}$ concentration exceeded $100{\mu}g/m^3$ and $80{\mu}g/m^3$ per day over the last three years at the subway stations in Busan were 36 and 239, respectively. The findings of this research are expected to enhace the understanding of the fine particle characteristics at subway stations in Busan and be useful for developing a strategy for controlling urban indoor air quality.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to analyze proximate composition and physicochemical properties according to different kinds of rice. In total, 20 varieties of rice were used (Domestic-19, Imported-1). The moisture contents ranged from $11.11{\pm}0.20$ to $3.28{\pm}0.03%$. The crude protein and crude lipid contents were ranged from $5.04{\pm}0.03$ to $7.02{\pm}0.10%$ and $0.18{\pm}0.01$ to $0.73{\pm}0.05%$, respectively. The mineral contents were Calcium, $3.56{\pm}0.11-6.69{\pm}0.08mg/100g$; Sodium, $3.39{\pm}0.01-17.43{\pm}0.04mg/100g$; Phosphorus, $64.12{\pm}0.88-102.0{\pm}0.36mg/100g$; Zinc, $0.95{\pm}0.01-1.75{\pm}0.0mg/100g$; Iron, $0.19{\pm}0.0-0.69{\pm}0.02g/100g$; Magnesium, $9.89{\pm}0.47-23.31{\pm}0.21mg/100g$; Potassium, $47.11{\pm}3.49-82.19{\pm}1.08mg/100g$;and Manganese, $0.47{\pm}0.0-1.14{\pm}0.01mg/100g$. Eighteen kinds of rice exhibited small kernels. Amylose contents ranged from $10.3{\pm}1.27$ to $19.4{\pm}0.15%$, while starch value ranged from $70.8{\pm}2.67$ to $80.1{\pm}5.09%$. Alkali digestion value was described as 5-6 grade and gel consistency was shown to be 'soft' regardless of the rice kinds.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2006

To know radon and uranium concentration variations in groundwater with regional difference, groundwaters were sampled at five different Daejeon area. Seventy-five samples were analyzed and forty samples were collected twice at drying and after raining season to know surface water effect. The average radon and uranium concentration of five areas are $270.9{\pm}152.3\;Bq/L,\;43.8{\pm}23.5\;{\mu}g/L$ at Yusung-gu, $112.9{\pm}65.8\;Bq/L,\;0.45{\pm}0.23\;{\mu}g/L$ at Seo-gu, $41.3{\pm}24.0\;Bq/L,\;4.9{\pm}11.3\;{\mu}g/L$ at Dong-gu, $131.8{\pm}99.5\;Bq/L,\;54.3{\pm}127.5\;{\mu}g/L$ at Daeduk-gu and $44.0{\pm}43.0\;Bq/L,\;8.1{\pm}11.6\;{\mu}g/L$ at Jung-gu. The mean concentrations of analyzed samples to know surface water effect were ranged from 0.5 to 640 ${\mu}g/L$ for uranium and from 0.4 to 729 Bq/L for radon. The average concentration of radon and uranium after raining season were lower than those of drying season. The mean contents of radon End Uranium at drying season were $253{\pm}14\;Bq/L,\;63{\pm}12.2\;{\mu}g/L$, and $195{\pm}11\;Bq/L,\;45.4{\pm}11.7\;{\mu}g/L$ after raining season.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 1999

Blood chemical values and sex steroid hormone concentration of repeat breeder and reproductive disorder in Hanwoo, which were bred in Chunchon areas, were examine to establish the basic physiological maker. The concentrations of albumin, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), calcium(Ca), cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, phosphorous, total protein and triglycerides in repeat breeder and reproductive disorder were 3.28$\pm$0.05 and 3.27$\pm$0.04 g/㎗, 11.07$\pm$0.61 and 12.69$\pm$0.88 mg/㎗, 9.98$\pm$0.10 and 9.56$\pm$0.11mg/㎗, 105.75$\pm$3.57 and 126.78$\pm$5.66mg/㎗, 1.62$\pm$0.05 and 1.65$\pm$0.09 mg/㎗, 67.46$\pm$9.07 and 76.97$\pm$3.76mg/㎗, 6.13$\pm$0.36 and 6.11$\pm$0.26mg/㎗, 5.82$\pm$0.08 and 6.18$\pm$0.08 g/㎗ , 12.82$\pm$1.46 and 15.19$\pm$1.61mg/㎗, respectively. Among the blood chemical values, Ca, cholesterol and inorganic phosphorous levels in repeat breeder and reproductive disorder were slightly higher than those in normal cows. The progesterone levels of pregnancy(0.18~6.56 ng/$m\ell$) and non-pregnancy(0.15~5.46ng/$m\ell$) cows at estrus cycle were showed similar trends from 0 day to 18 days. Those of pregnancy cows were increased gradually from 18 days to 180 days(5.90~7.51 ng/$m\ell$), while those of non-pregnancy cows were dramatically drop at 21 days (0.18$\pm$0.03mg/㎗). The concentrations of estrogen and progesterone in repeat breeder and reproductive disorder were 57.42$\pm$5.03, 56.76$\pm$8.73 pg/$m\ell$ and 6.26$\pm$0.83, 9.41$\pm$1.85 ng/$m\ell$ . respectively. These results indicate that blood chemical values in repeat breeder and reproductive disorder were not greatly difference in normal cows except for Ca, cholesterol, BUN and inorganic phosphorous. Since the progesterone levels in repeat breeder and reproductive disorder was maintained to the luteal phase levels of normal cows, it may cause of failing of conception and next estrus cycle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1974

The literature on the hematology of dairy cattle contains very important information of physiological and clinical field, but a comprehensive survey on the blood picture of Holstein cows has not been made yet in Korea. The object of the present investigation was to make good this deficiency, and to suggest standards for the blood picture of Holstein cows kept under average farming condition in this country. Observations were made on the blood picture of 30 healthy non-pregnant Holstein cows aging from 6 to 10 years. All of them were selected at random from 15 livestock farms of Deajeon area in order to determine the hematological values from January to Feburary, 1974. The ranges and mean values of erythrocyte count, hemoglobin in blood, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and total and differential leukocyte count were determined. The result obtained in this work were summerized as follows: 1. Ranges and mean values(with standard error) of erythrocyte count, hemoglobin in blood and hematocrit values were 4.90~7.82 and $5.83{\pm}0.12{\times}10^6/mm^3$, 7.8~10.3 and $8.7{\pm}0.11g/100ml$, and 26~38 and $30.2{\pm}0.53$ mI/100 ml, respectively. 2. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration showed ranges and mean values(with standard error) of 13.2~17.4 and $14.8{\pm}0.22$ pg, 46.0~71.8 and $52.3{\pm}0.31{\mu}m^3$, and 21.6~32.7 and $28.6{\pm}0.47$ g/100 ml, respectively. 3. Total leukocyte count showed a range of 6,300~13,600 and a mean value(with standard error) of $10,035{\pm}346/mm^3$. 4. Ranges and mean values(with standard error) of differential leukocyte counts of total neutrophil were 21~40 and $36.4{\pm}0.7%$, 1,638~4,080 and $3,233{\pm}111/mm^3$, of band neutrophil 0~9 and $3.9{\pm}0.5%$, 0~1,028 and $390{\pm}54/mm^3$, of segmented neutrophil 18~35 and $28.4{\pm}0.7%$, 1,386~3,672 and $2,842{\pm}103/mm^3$, of lymphocyte 46~69 and $55.3{\pm}1.1%$, 3,380~8,976 and $5,535{\pm}263/mm^3$, of monocyte 0~4 and $1.7{\pm}0.2%$, 0~324 and $116{\pm}21/mm^3$, of eosinophil 4~15 and $10.8{\pm}0.6%$, 540~1,725 and $1,082{\pm}72/mm^3$. No basophil was observed in this work.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.2 s.22
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• pp.261-269
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• 1987

In order to investigate working conditions of underground coal mines, this work was undertaken to evaluate the respirable dust and the concentration of quartz in Taeback and Kangneung areas. The concentration of quartz was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry. The results were as follows; 1) The concentration of respirable dust of drilling and coal face in Taeback and Kangneung areas were as followed; Arithmetic $Mean{\pm}S.D.(mg/m^3)$ Taeback Drilling: $2.00{\pm}1.56$ Taeback Coal Face: $3.74{\pm}3.14$ Kangneung Drilling: $4.55{\pm}4.51$ Kangneung Coal Face: $5.77{\pm}4.53$ Geometric $Mean{\pm}S.D.(mg/m^3)$ Taeback Drilling: $1.34{\pm}2.81$ Taeback Coal Face : $2.55{\pm}2.61$ Kangneung Drilling : $2.44{\pm}3.63$ Kangneung Coal Face: $4.24{\pm}2.37$ 2) Distribution of respirable dust was well fitted to the log-normal distribution and geometric mean value was $log^{-1}\;0.37{\pm}log^{-1}\;0.47(2.34{\pm}2.95)mg/m^3$. 3) The difference of respirable dust concentrations in Taeback and Kangneung areas was not significant statistically (p>0.05). 4) The concentration of quartz of drilling and coal face in Taeback and Kangneung areas were as followed; Arithmetic $Mean{\pm}S.D.(%)$ Taeback Drilling: $6.18{\pm}5.52$ Taeback Coal Face: $1.89{\pm}1.54$ Kangneung Drilling: $3.54{\pm}2.12$ Kangneung Coal Face: $2.05{\pm}3.37$ Geometric $Mean{\pm}S.D.(%)$ Taeback Drilling: $4.24{\pm}2.59$ Coal Face: $1.39{\pm}2.22$ Kangneung Drilling : $2.55{\pm}3.08$ Kangneung Coal Face : $1.24{\pm}2.33$ 5) Distribution of quartz concentrations was well fitted to the log-normal distribution and geometric mean value was $log^{-1}\;0.33{\pm}log^{-1}\;0.45(2.14{\pm}2.82)%$. 6) The difference of quartz concentrations in Taeback and Kangneung areas was not significant (p>0.05), but significant at drilling sites and coal faces (p<0.05).