• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2002

본 연구는 4년 이상의 경력을 가진 스포츠 에어로빅스 대표선수 4명을 대상으로 Straddle jump to push up 동작의 운동학적 분석을 통해 점프와 착지 동작에 대한 정확한 동작을 이해하고 나아가 지도자의 효율적인 지도에 필요한 정확한 동작의 진단과 평가에 도움을 주며, 그 기초자료를 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 비디오 카메라 2대를 사용하여 촬영하였고, 카메라의 속도는 60frame/sec.로 하였으며, 분석을 위한 운동학적 변인들은 신체중심 높이의 변위, 좌 우 어깨관절 각 변위, 좌 우 주관절 각 변위, 좌 우 고관절 각 변위, 좌 우 슬관절 각 변위, 좌 우 발끝의 속도이며, 각각 개인별 3회씩 수행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 국면별 신체중심 높이의 변위는 event 1, 4, 5($79.05{\pm}9.07,\;46.41{\pm}3.65,\;18.66{\pm}0.54cm$)에서 낮은 신체중심의 높이를 나타냈으며, event 2, 3($120.80{\pm}6.13,\;148.12{\pm}9.19cm$)에서는 높은 신체중심 높이를 나타냈다. 이상을 종합해 볼 때 스포츠 에어로빅스의 Straddle Jump to Push up 동작, 즉 점프동작은 파워를 나타내는 중요한 동작이므로 충분한 유연성과 순발력이 무엇보다도 중요한 요인이라는 결론을 얻었으며, 단순한 근육의 강화가 아닌 특정 파워와 힘의 발달, 각각의 신체분절들의 효율적인 통합이 이루어지도록 훈련시키는 것이 중요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

본 연구는 터널환기 무창육계사의 계사내부의 위치별 먼지 농도 분포와 배기홴에서 배출된 먼지의 확산범위를 알아보고자 수행하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 입기구 방향의 계사 1/4 지점의 먼지농도는 TSP의 경우 $301.0{\sim}1,366.0\;{\mu}g/m^3$으로 입기구의 위치에 따라 차이가 있었다. 2. 터널홴 앞 3m 지점에서는 TSP $2065.8{\sim}3,092.2\;{\mu}g/m^3$, PM 2.5 $27.6{\sim}36.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$, PM 1.0 $8.3{\sim}11.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$으로 입기구에 비하여 증가하였다. 3. 배기홴으로부터 3m의 지점의 먼지 배출량은 TSP $354.8{\sim}574.8\;{\mu}g/m^3$으로 매우 높았으며 PM10 $94.4{\sim}156.2\;{\mu}g/m^3$, PM2.5 $14.6{\sim}18.0\;{\mu}g/m^3$, PM1.0 $6.0{\sim}6.4\;{\mu}g/m^3$ 이었다. 4. 배기홴으로부터 50m 떨어진 지점에서의 분진농도는 TSP $25.1\;{\mu}g/m^3$, PM10 $8.8\;{\mu}g/m^3$, PM2.5 $5.6\;{\mu}g/m^3$, PM1.0 $4.9\;{\mu}g/m^3$으로 매우 낮은 분진농도를 보였다. 5. 입기구와 배기구 간 분진농도의 차이는 TSP의 경우 입기구에서 $317.9\;{\mu}g/m^3$인데 비하여 배기구는 $2,678.5\;{\mu}g/m^3$로 8.42배 높았으며 PM10 7.4배, PM2.5 3.4배, PM1.0 1.6배 높았다. 6. 배기홴으로부터 거리별 분진의 배출농도는 3m 지점에서 $446.6\;{\mu}g/m^3$ 이었으나 20 m 지점에서는 $156.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$로 34.9% 수준이었고 PM10 34.9%, PM2.5 48.7%, PM1.0 86.8% 수준이었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2014

실험실 내에서 계절의 변화에 따른 애반딧불이(Luciola lateralis)의 계절적 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 산란 수는 겨울 $162.0{\pm}8.67$개, 봄 $226.9{\pm}15.84$개, 여름 $166.6{\pm}9.3$개였다. 산란 기간은 겨울 $6.9{\pm}0.59$일, 봄 $16.1{\pm}1.10$일, 여름 $8.2{\pm}0.61$일 이였다. 산란 간격은 겨울 $2.5{\pm}0.22$일, 봄 $3.9{\pm}0.25$일, 여름 $2.3{\pm}0.14$일 이였고, 산란 횟수는 겨울 $3.1{\pm}0.17$회, 봄 $4.1{\pm}0.29$회, 여름 $3.9{\pm}0.23$회 이였으며, 일회 산란 수 겨울 $52.2{\pm}4.56$개, 봄 $55.9{\pm}4.38$개, 여름 $42.2{\pm}3.76$개였다. 난기간은 겨울 $25.3{\pm}0.13$일, 봄 $29.6{\pm}0.18$일, 여름 $26.8{\pm}0.09$일 이였으며 부화하는데 걸리는 기간은 겨울 $3.0{\pm}0.28$일, 봄 $6.4{\pm}0.50$일, 여름 $4.6{\pm}0.32$일 이였다. 알의 부화율은 겨울 99.9%, 봄 99%, 여름 100%이였다. 계절별 성충수명은 겨울 암컷 $15.8{\pm}0.15$일, 수컷 $20.8{\pm}0.21$일 이였으며, 봄 암컷 $18.0{\pm}0.31$, 수컷 $21.4{\pm}0.37$일 이였고, 여름 암컷 $16.7{\pm}0.43$일, 수컷 $16.3{\pm}0.74$일 이였다. 또한 성충의 평균 수명을 보면 겨울 $17.9{\pm}0.14$일, 봄 $19.7{\pm}0.25$일, 여름 $16.5{\pm}0.43$일 이였다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1982

1. The cows slaughtered at age of 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 years old were 1.5, 1.5, 15.0, 62.5 and 4.4% respectively. 2. The cows slaughtered at 351-450kg and more than 500kg were 60 and 28% respectively. 3. Best, very good, good and bad cows in nutritional condition were 1.6, 25.8, 62.9, and 9.7% respectively. Among the six cows which were bad nutrition, the two were with severe endometritis, the three were normal in genital function and one was on 70 days of pregnancy. 4. Holstein cows(55.2%) showed higher reproductive failure than the Korean cows(33.3%). 5. The slaughted ratio of the Korean cattle and Holstein cows was 36 and 64% respectively. 6. Pregnant cows were about 16% among the slaughtered one. 7. Reproductive failures were composed of 46% in uterus, 32% in ovaries, 8% in udder, 6% in oviduct, 4% in cervix of uterine, 2% in vagina and 2% inmummified fetus. 8. Forty six percentages of uterine diseases were as follows; horn, 13%, body of uterus, 32% and ovary diseases were 32%, that is, 12% of ovary atrophy, 8% of ovarycyst and 6% of lutealcyst. 9. The cows of reproductive failures were commonly infected with 1.6 kinds of diseases. 10. According to classification, six type of ovaries were as follows; normal, 58%, ovary-cyst, 11%, luteum cyst, 4%, coexistence of follicles and corpus luteum, 16%, weak function of ovaries, 10% and ovarian atrophy, 1%. 11. Major axis, minor axis and thickness of right ovary were larger than those of left one both in Korean cattle and Holstein cows. Holstein cow had generally larger size of ovary than these of the Korean cattle.. 12. The left and right oviducts showed no difference in length, but Holstein had longer oviduct than Korean cow. 13. There was no difference in the length of uterine horn between right and left in the Korean cows, but the right was longer than the left in Holstein cows. 14. Holstein had longer horn and body of uterine than the Korean cows. 15. The weight of right ovary was heavier than that of left in both breeds, but there was no differences in weight of left ovary between two breeds and right ovary of Holstein breed was heavier than that of the Korean cow. 16. The weight of right oviduct and uterine born was heavier than that of the left, and Holstein had heavier oviducts and uterine horns than the Korean cows. 17. Holstein had heavier uterine body and cervix of uterine than the Korean cows. 18. The length of reproductive systems of Korean cow is as follows; Major and minor diameter and thickness ofovary are 3.6${\pm}$0.7, 2.3${\pm}$0.4 and 1.6${\pm}$1.4 cm in left and 3.7${\pm}$0.6, 2.5${\pm}$0.5 and 1.8${\pm}$0.5 cm in right. Oviduct is 28.4${\pm}$3.1 cm in left and 27.8${\pm}$3.3 cm in right. Uterine horn is 27.4${\pm}$4.5 cm in left and 27.7${\pm}$4.9 cm in right. Uterine body and cervix are 3.4${\pm}$1.1 and 6.5${\pm}$1.7 cm. 19. The length of female reproductive systems ofHolstein cow is as follows; Major and minor diameter and thickness of ovary are 3.9${\pm}$1.3, 2.3${\pm}$0.5, and 1.5${\pm}$0.6 cm in left and 4.0${\pm}$0.8, 2.8${\pm}$0.6 and 1.8${\pm}$0.6 cm in right. Oviduct is 29.4${\pm}$4.2 cm in left and 29.3${\pm}$4.1 cm in right. Uterine horn is 30.2${\pm}$7.4 cm in left and 32.6${\pm}$8.4 cm in right. Uterine body and cervix are 4.5${\pm}$2.5 and 7.8${\pm}$2.9 cm. 20. The weight of reproductive systems of Korean cow is as follows; Ovary is 8.4${\pm}$4.1 g in left and 9.3${\pm}$3.6g in right. Oviduct is 1.5${\pm}$0.5 g in left and 1.6${\pm}$0.5 g in right. Uterine horn is 109${\pm}$27 g left and 118${\pm}$32 g in right. Uterine body and cervix are 30.4${\pm}$14.1 and 76.7${\pm}$38.4g. 21. The weight of reproductive systems of Holstein cow is as follows; Ovary is 8.2${\pm}$3.1 g in left and 12.5${\pm}$5.6 g in right. Oviduct is 1.7${\pm}$0.6 g in left and 1.9${\pm}$0.9 g in right. Uterine horn is 199${\pm}$14.2 g in left and 221${\pm}$111.2g in right. Uterine body and cervix are 58.2${\pm}$46.5 and 126.7${\pm}$103.3 g.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.4940-4950
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• 2011

고지혈증 치료제인 cis-(3R,5R)-atorvastatin Ca (1)은 4개의 입체이성질체가 있으며, 각각의 이성질체들을 선택적으로 제조한다는 것은 매우 어려운 일이다. 본 연구에서는 입체이성질체 중의 하나인 trans-(3R,5S)-atorvastatin Ca (7)을 초산에서 3,5-diketo atorvastatin ester (3)를 $Me_4NHB(OAc)_3$을 사용하여 환원시켜 cis-(3R,5R) (4)과 trans-(3R,5S)-atorvastatin ester (5)를 각각 1.5%와 98.5%의 비율로 입체선택적으로 제조할 수 있었다. 또한, 고지혈증 치료제인 cis-(3R,5R)-atorvastatin Ca (1)과 그의 입체이성질체인 trans-(3R,5S)-atorvastatin Ca (7)을 쥐에서 고지방식이에 의해 유발된 고지혈증의 치료효과에 대하여 알아보았고, 이러한 연구의 수행을 위해 2010년 1월에 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 화합물 1과 7의 total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c)과 triglyceride (TG)는 각각 $93.0{\pm}0.5$, $43.5{\pm}0.8$, $40.4{\pm}1.4$, $45.6{\pm}0.9\;mg/d{\ell}$와 $110.0{\pm}0.7$, $33.3{\pm}0.6$, $65.8{\pm}1.9$, $54.8{\pm}1.2\;mg/d{\ell}$를 atherogenic index (AI)와 cardiac risk factor (CRF)는 $1.14{\pm}0.05$ $2.14{\pm}0.05$와 $2.31{\pm}0.06$, $3.31{\pm}0.06$을 나타냈으며 aspartate aminotransferase (AST)와 alanine aminotransferase (ALT)는 $51.9{\pm}4.6$, $16.0{\pm}2.1\;IU/{\ell}$와 $75.8{\pm}4.4$, $35.1{\pm}9.7\;IU/{\ell}$로 두 화합물 모두 고지혈증에 대한 치료효과를 나타내었으나, 화합물 1이 우수한 치료효과가 있는 반면 화합물 7은 치료효과가 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들로 입체선택적 이성질체의 합성에 대한 새로운 방법을 제시하고, 향후 시판되고 있는 의약품들의 입체이성질체에 대한 임상적 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.50-50
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• 2019

본 연구는 국내 자생 국화과의 산국속 3종을 대상으로 국립백두대간수목원 시드뱅크 내 장기저장 가능성을 확인하고자 수행되었다. 국화과 3종의 종자는 경북 봉화군 춘양면에서 2017년 11월에 채종한 후 선별하였다. 종자는 저장조건별($-20^{\circ}C$, 40%RH /$5^{\circ}C$, 30%RH /$15^{\circ}C$, 15%RH) 12주간 저장하여 2주단위로 발아실험을 실시하였다. 발아실험은 광12시간으로 25/15(12/12h)$^{\circ}C$ 변온조건으로 진행하였다. 종자는 10립 3반복으로 1% Agar배지에 치상하여 유근이 1mm 이상 출현한 것을 발아립으로 정의하였다. 평균발아율(GP)과 발아속도(MGT)를 조사하였다. 구절초를 조건별 2주 저장 후 평균발아율과 평균발아일수를 조사한 결과 $-20^{\circ}C/5^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$에서 각각 100%, $4.0{\pm}0.09$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $3.7{\pm}0.08$일 / $93.3{\pm}3.33%$, $3.6{\pm}0.11$일로 조사 되었으며 12주 저장 후 100%, $4.1{\pm}0.27$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.4{\pm}0.21$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $3.7{\pm}0.13$일로 조사되어 저장 후 발아율의 감소를 보이지 않았으며 $5^{\circ}C$ 저장에서 평균발아일수가 길어지는 경향을 보였다. 포천구절초의 경우 $-20^{\circ}C/5^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.4{\pm}0.36$일 / 100%, $4.2{\pm}0.09$일 / $93.3{\pm}6.67%$, $4.1{\pm}0.22$일로 조사 되었으며 12주 저장 후 $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.2{\pm}0.30$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.2{\pm}0.15$일 / 100%, $4.0{\pm}0.09$일로 조사 되어 저장 전 후 차이를 확인 할 수 없었다. 한라구절초의 경우 $-20^{\circ}C/5^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $93.3{\pm}3.33%$, $3.4{\pm}0.10$일 / $93.3{\pm}3.33%$, $3.7{\pm}0.08$일 / $93.3{\pm}6.67%$, $3.8{\pm}0.02$일로 조사 되었으며 12주 저장 후 $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.0{\pm}0.21$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.2{\pm}0.03$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $3.8{\pm}0.09$일로 조사되어 발아율이 소폭 상승하는 경향을 보였다. 산국속 3종의 종자는 12주 저장 후 기간 및 저장조건에 따른 평균발아율과 발아속도에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 산국속 3종 구절초, 포천구절초, 한라구절초의 종자는 저장기간 및 조건에 대해 민감한 반응을 보이지 않아 장기저장이 가능한 진정종자(Orthodox seed)로 판단된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1990

The present study was focussed mainly on the morphological changes of the glandular tubules in the large intestine according to age of piglets. Samples were taken from large intesine of 1-, 10-, 20-, 35- and 45-day-old piglets, 2 to 3 piglets in each age group. The intestinal samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution, dehydrated, and then paraffin sections were stained with H-E. The results observed were summarized as follows: 1. The mucosal glands in the cecum and colon tend to be unbranched simple straight tubular glands, or often two or more branched simple stright tubular glands. 2. The number of the longitudinal folds and the number of the crypts per cross section of piglet colons, respectively, were 1-day-old piglets-$3.8{\pm}0.8$, $92.1{\pm}6.9$; 10-day-old piglets-$7.1{\pm}1.1$, $164.2{\pm}10.3$; 20-day-old piglets-$15.2{\pm}0.8$, $178.5{\pm}6.8$; 35-day-old piglets-$19.3{\pm}3.0$, $454.9{\pm}25.3$; 45-day-old piglets-$20.6{\pm}3.1$, $524.6{\pm}37.2$, and the regression equation between age and these two number were $\hat{Y}=0.40X+4.32$ and $\hat{Y}=10.4X+51.52$, respectively. 3. The length and cell number per single side wall of a glandular tubule in the colon section were 1-day-old piglets-$196.3{\pm}7.1{\mu}m$, $40.0{\pm}3.3$; 10-day-old piglets-$236.0{\pm}34.5{\mu}m$, $47.9{\pm}5.3$; 20-day-old piglets-$262.8{\pm}39.6{\mu}m$, $54.3{\pm}9.0$; 35-day-old piglets-$291.75{\pm}48.3{\mu}m$, $56.9{\pm}4.9$; 45-day-old piglets-$364.8{\pm}61.5{\mu}m$, $67.7{\pm}7.4$, respectively, and the regression equation between age and these two data were $\hat{Y}=3.45X+193.8$ and $\hat{Y}=0.56X+41.0$, respectively. 4. The overall percentages of the cell number and length of glandular tubules in piglet colons were the pit and isthmus-$75.3{\pm}11.1%$, $78.8{\pm}12.3%$; gland-$24.7{\pm}5.4%$, $21.2{\pm}5.3%$, respectively. 5. The length and cell number of single side wall of glandular tubules in cecal sections were 1-day-old piglets-$190.3{\pm}31.1{\mu}m$, $37.6{\pm}4.8$; 10-day-old piglets-$235.6{\pm}25.3{\mu}m$, $46.2{\pm}3.6$; 20-day-old piglets-$295.3{\pm}45.6{\mu}m$, $52.0{\pm}6.2$; 35-day-old piglets-$351.3{\pm}28.3{\mu}m$, $60.4{\pm}8.5$; 45-day-old piglets-$366.3{\pm}48.5{\mu}m$, $64.7{\pm}8.2$, respectively, and the regression equation between age and these two data were $\hat{Y}=4.11X+196.6$ and $\hat{Y}=0.60X+38.9$, respectively.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1982

본 실험은 닭의 근위점막 분말의 투여가 동물의 혈액학적 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 근위점막(계내금)을 1일 사료섭취량의 $1\%$구(T.), $2\%$구$(T_2)$, $3\%$구$(T_3)$ 및 대조구(무처리구)에서 Babcock B-380의 성계 60수를 공시하여 8주간 Cage에서 사육한 후 혈액상을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 각 처리구별 적혈구치는 $T_3$구$(2.57{\pm}0.26\times10^6/mm^3)$, $T_2$구$(2.23{\pm}0.10\times10^6/mm^3)$, $T_1$구$(2.38{\pm}0.40\times10^6/mm^3)$ 및 C구$(2.17{\pm}0.10\times10^6/mm^3)$의 순이었고 그 평균치는 $2.34{\pm}0.21\times10^6/mm^3$로서, 대체로 처리구(첨가구)가 대조구(무처리구)보다 유의적으로 높은 경향이었다. 2. 각 처리구별 Hemoglobin함량은 $T_3$구$(9.13{\pm}0.14gm/100ml)$, $T_2$구$(7.78{\pm}0.40gm/100ml)$ 및 $T_1$구$(7.44{\pm}0.48gm/100ml)$의 순이었고 그 평균치는 $8.06{\pm}0.28gm/100ml$ 로서, 처리구와 대조구간에 유의성은 확인되지 않았다. (p<0.01). 3. 각 처리구별 백혈구치는 C구$(1.81{\pm}0.63\times10^4/mm^3)$, $T_1$구$(1.69{\pm}0.12\times10^4/mm^3) $, $T_2$구$(1.61{\pm}0.16\times10^4/mm^3)$ 및 $T_3$구$(1.56{\pm}0.20_10^4/mm^3)$의 순이었고 그 평균치는 $1.67{\pm}0.23\times10^4/mm^3$으로서, 첨가량이 많아질수록 낮아지는 경향이었다. 4. 밸혈구백분비는 Lymphocytes $60.98{\pm}1.76\%$, Heterophils $22.75{\pm}2.27\%$, Eosinophils $3.17{\pm}0.95\%$, Basophils $2.17{\pm}0.85\%$ 및 Monocytes $10.84{\pm}2.02\%$였다. 5. 적혈구의 크기는 $12.01{\pm}0.74\mu\times6.82{\pm}0.10\mu\times3.57{\pm}0.08\mu$(장경$\times$단경$\times$두께)였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.853-865
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and to analyze the task of gerontological nurse practitioners (GNPs) in Korea. Methods: The definition of GNP and job description was developed based on developing a curriculum (DACUM) by 7 panels who have experienced in DACUM analysis and gerontological nursing. One hundred sixty nurses who were working at long term care facilities were participated. The questionnaire included frequency, importance, and difficulty of duties, tasks, and task elements. The data were collected in November 2006, analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: The job description of GNPs in Korea revealed 5 duties, 23 tasks, and 86 task elements. On the all five duties, the highest duty in frequency and in importance was professional nursing care ($3.25{\pm}0.35$, $3.49{\pm}0.29$). But the highest duty in difficulty was research ($3.24{\pm}0.46$). 'Prevent health problem ($3.42{\pm}0.43$, $3.56{\pm}0.33$)', 'Teach other staffs ($2.83{\pm}0.77$, $3.39{\pm}0.43$)', 'Develop the evidence-based standards ($2.43{\pm}0.76$, $3.22{\pm}0.43$)', 'Develop the self ($2.81{\pm}0.65$, $3.26{\pm}0.42$)', and 'Participate the team activities' were the highest score in frequency and in criticality of tasks. 'Provide emotional support to older adults and families ($3.16{\pm}0.41$)', 'Counsel older adults and their families ($3.14{\pm}0.49$)', 'Do clinical research ($3.32{\pm}0.49$)', 'Quality insurance ($3.25{\pm}0.49$)', and 'Build collaborative system ($3.18{\pm}0.47$)' were perceived the most difficult tasks. Conclusion: The political efforts for the legislation of role and task of GNPs were needed.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 1990

In order to know the range in blood chemical values and enzyme activities of korean native cattle and pigs being raised in kyongbuk province, the mean values of serum protein compositions, enzyme activities(GOT, GPT, ALP), cholesterol, glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid were determined and the results obtained were as follows ; 1. Mean contents of total protein, albumin, globulin and A / G ratio for the korean native male cattle were $7.28{\pm}0.86$ g / dl, 43.39{\pm}0.65$ g / dl, 43.83{\pm}0.92$ g / dl & 40.95{\pm}0.34$；for the male pigs were 47.39{\pm}0.84$ g / dl, 43.63{\pm}0.43$ g / dl, 43.77{\pm}0.88$ g / dl, 40.97{\pm}0.26$；for the female pigs were 47.60{\pm}0.68$ g/ dl, 43.54{\pm}0.58$ g / dl, 43.90{\pm}0.74$ g / dl, 41.02{\pm}0.34. 2.$ Mean activities of GOT, GPT and ALP for the korean native male cattle were 448.3{\pm}11.6$ U, 429.6{\pm}4.6$ U, 413.7{\pm}2.8$ U； for the male pigs were 458.6{\pm}10.6$ U, 438.6{\pm}5.3$ U, 424.9{\pm}9.2$ U； for the female pigs were 443.9{\pm}10.8$ U, 440.5{\pm}4.6$ U, 413.9{\pm}3.4$ U. 3. Mean contents of cholesterol, glucose and bilirubin for the korean native male cattle were 4108.7{\pm}31.8$ mg / dl, 488.2{\pm}26.4$ mg / dl, $0.69{\pm}0.52$ mg / dl; for the male pigs were 4105.9{\pm}18.3$ mg / dl, 4102.9{\pm}22.3$ mg / dl, 40.70{\pm}0.18$ mg / dl: for the female pigs were $113.1{\pm}20.9$ mg / dl , 4103.2{\pm}23.9$ mg / dl, 40.49{\pm}0.21$ mg / dl. 4. Mean contents of creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid for the korean native male cattle were 42.86{\pm}0.69$ mg / dl, $18.1{\pm}5.0$ mg / dl, 41.38{\pm}0.66$ mg /dl; for the male pigs were 42.20{\pm}0.51$ mg / dl, $18.2{\pm}4.3$ mg / dl, 40.29{\pm}0.10$ mg /dl: for the female pigs were 42.36{\pm}0.70$ mg / dl, $20.5{\pm}5.4$ mg / dl, 40.69{\pm}0.27$ mg / dl.