• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2011

월악산 국립공원 내의 굴참나무림에서 2005년 5월부터 2009년 4월까지 4년 동안 월별 낙엽 생산량과 낙엽을 통해 임상에 이입되는 영양염류의 양을 조사하였다. 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008년의 낙엽생산량은 각각 5.181, 5.372, 5.314, 5.361 ton $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$이었으며, 4년 동안의 평균 낙엽생산량은 5.307${\pm}$0.09 ton $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$이었다. 조사기간 동안 낙엽 구성원 중 잎, 가지, 생식기관 그리고 기타가 차지하는 비율은 각각 67.5${\pm}$1.9, 13.3${\pm}$0.8, 10.1${\pm}$0.5, 9.1${\pm}$1.2%로 잎이 차지하는 비율이 가장 높았다. 조사지소에서 4년 동안 낙엽을 통해 임상에 이입되는 질소, 인, 칼륨, 칼슘 그리고 마그네슘의 평균 이입량은 각각 44.47${\pm}$6.70, 2.50${\pm}$0.25, 12.26${\pm}$0.30, 17.23${\pm}$2.32, 9.56${\pm}$0.54 kg $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$이었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2013

This study examines the effects on fertilization rate (FR), hatching rate (HR), and normal individual rate after artificial fertilization using frozen thawed sperm according to the cryoprotectant (DMSO) concentration and the period of cryopreserved sperm of longtooth grouper, Epinephelus bruneus. Performing artificial fertilization using frozen-thawed sperm, after freezing the sperm at different DMSO concentration of 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0% respectively, FR were (DMSO 5.0%: $99.5{\pm}0.8%$, DMSO 7.5%: $99.5{\pm}0.7%$, and DMSO 10.0%: $99.6{\pm}0.6%$). The results are not significantly different from the control fresh sperm (100%). HR also (DMSO 5.0%: $96.2{\pm}2.3%$, DMSO 7.5%: $95.3{\pm}3.6%$, 10.0%: $96.6{\pm}1.8%$) were not significantly different in each group. The normal individual rate after hatching using with control fresh sperm ($98.4%{\pm}0.5$) and DMSO concentration level of 5.0% ($97.8{\pm}0.1%$) were not significantly different. However, with 7.5% ($97.2{\pm}0.6%$) and 10.0% DMSO concentrations ($95.9{\pm}0.2%$) are lower than the normal individual rate after hatching observed in the control and 5.0% DMSO. Performing artificial fertilization using frozen-thawed sperm at different frozen period (2 days, 2 years, and 3 years), 10% DMSO FR and HR of 3 years (FR; $66.8{\pm}1.8%$, HR: $82.0{\pm}12.9%$) and 2 years (FR; $78.5{\pm}14.8%$, HR: $79.3{\pm}0.6%$) cryopreserved sperm were lower than control (FR; 100%, HR: $91.1{\pm}3.6%$) and 2 days cryopreserved sperm (FR; $99.6{\pm}0.6%$, HR: $96.6{\pm}1.8%$). These results suggest suitable DMSO concentration ranges of cryopreservation sperm for E. bruneus is 5 to 10% and with 2 to 3 years cryopreservation period, cryopreservation sperm can be useful for seed production.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.329-330
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• 2001

대기오염물질은 입자상물질과 가스상물질로 구분되는데, 이 중 입자상물질은 시정을 감소시키고 인체 건강에 유해한 영향을 미친다. 일반적으로 입자크기가 큰 거대입자는 인체 호흡기관에서 대부분 차단되거나 다시 밖으로 나오게 되지만, 입자크기가 작은 미세입자의 경우 대부분 폐의 깊은 곳에 침착하여 인체에 매우 유해하다. 이러한 미세입자의 유해성 때문에 우리나라도 1995년부터 PM10에 대한 대기환경기준을 설정하여 그 양을 규제하고 있다. 최근에는 폐에 높은 침착률을 보이는 PM2.5에 대한 관심이 집중되고 있다. (중략)

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제19권
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• pp.17-22
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• 2001

본 연구는 여왕별의 능력검정 및 선발기술을 확립하기 위하여 1999년 11월부터 2001년 10월까지 상주시 내서연 능암리 산 246번지에 있는 양봉장에서 서양종 봉군(Apis millifera)을 대상으로 실시되었는데, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1999~2000 월동 기간 중 월동 전 후의 벌통무게는 $22.6{\pm}2.6kg$와 $20.1{\pm}2.6kg$로서 월동기간 중 벌통 무게 감소량은 $2.5{\pm}0.7kg$였다. 월동 2차 연도인 2000~2001 월동 기간 중 월동 전 벌통무게는 $22.6{\pm}2.3kg$이었으나 월동기간 중 벌통무게는 $2.3{\pm}0.6kg$이 감소되었다. 아까시꿀 채밀 직전에 조사된 착봉소비 매수는 2000년 5월 22일에 $13.1{\pm}4.6$매였으나, 2001년 5월 21일에는 $16.0{\pm}3.8$애였고, 계상이용율은 2000년에 50%이었으나 2001년에는 98.5%이었다. 아카시 유밀기에 있어서 2차에 걸쳐 채밀한 군당 평균 채밀량은 2000년에는 $12.7{\pm}8.6kg$이었으나 2001년에는 비선발군에서 $14.2{\pm}7.6kg$ 그리고 검정선발여왕벌 봉군에서 $23.5{\pm}4.9kg$이었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1994

Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) is known as important criteria for ecotoxicology on hazardous chemicals. But there is no standard method for determining BCF and reported BCFs were slightly different in accordance with authors. This study was performed with aims to determine BCFs on BPMC and Carbaryl. Carassius auratus(goldfish) be chosen as test organism and test period were 3-day, 5-day and 10-day. Extract solvents were n-hexane and acetonitrile. GC-ECD was used to detecting carbamates. The obtained results were as follows: 1. It was possible to determine short term BCF$_s$ of Carbaryl or BPMC through relatively simple procedure. 2. BCF$_3$ of Carbaryl in concentration of 1, 2, 5, 10 ppm were 0.34 $\pm$ 0.06, 0.18 $\pm$ 0.02, 0.10 $\pm$ 0.01, 0.06 $\pm$ 0.01 respectively. BCF$_5$ of Carbaryl were 0.34 $\pm$ 0.05, 0.18 $\pm$ 0.02, 0.13 $\pm$ 0.01 and 0.07 $\pm$ 0.01, BCF$_{10}3$ of Carbaryl were 0.45 $\pm$ 0.05, 0.27 $\pm$ 0.02, 0.16 $\pm$ 0.02 and 0.09 $\pm$ 0.01. BCF$_3$ of BPMC in concentration of 1, 2, 5 ppm were 4.66 $\pm$ 0.17, 2.64 $\pm$ 0.49, 1.88 $\pm$ 0.24 respectively. BCF$_5$ of BPMC were 4.09 $\pm$ 0.50, 2.42 $\pm$ 0.37 and 1.83 $\pm$ 0.15. 3. BCF$_s$ of BPMC were decreased as increasing concentration. However, BPMC concentration in fish were increased in contrast to BCF. But more concentrated BPMC was found in fish 3-day test than found concentration in fish 5-day test. 4. Same trend appeared in Carbaryl. BCF$_s$ of Carbaryl were decreased as increasing concentration and prolonging test period. But found Carbaryl concentration in fish were increased. 5. BCF$_s$ of BPMC were higher than that of Carbaryl by 10 times, in spite of the physicochemical properties of the two carbamates were similar to each other. Further study is recommended to find out the reason of the difference.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1391-1398
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• 1992

The hypothesis tested is that shifts in pH, induced when a cardioplegic solution is oxygenated, can be detrimental. The object of this study is to evaluate the effect of the pH of the oxygenating cardioplegic solution on postischemic recovery in the isolated rat heart. Either 100% oxygen or 95% oxygen: 5% carbon dioxide was added to the cardioplegic solution[St. Thomas` Hospital No. 2] and determined postischemic recovery of isolated rat hearts after 2 hours and 3 hours of 20oC cardioplegic protected ischemia. Heart were arrested and reinfused every 30 minutes throughout the ischemic period with cardioplegic solution. When 100% oxygen was added, the pH of the cardioplegic solution increased from 7.8[no oxygen] to 8.5[100% oxygen] without any change in postischemic functional recovery. But when 95% oxygen ; 5% carbon dioxide was added, the pH of the cardioplegic solution reversely decreased to 6.84 in the 2-hour ischemic group and 6.73 in the 3-hour ischemic group, associated with improved postischemic functional recovery. After 2-hour ischemia, systolic pressure improved from 88.2$\pm$3.7%[no oxygen] and 88.7$\pm$3.8%[100% oxygen] to 96.6$\pm$1.8%[95% oxygen : 5% carbon dioxide], p<0.05, aortic flow from 43.3$\pm$3.1% and 38.4$\pm$10.6% to 74.5$\pm$5.0%, p<0.001, cardiac output from 55.5$\pm$4.6% and 47.4%$\pm$10.6% to 73.1$\pm$4.6%, p<0.05, stroke volume from 62.7$\pm$4.6% and 52.0$\pm$10.1% to 77.2$\pm$4.6%, p<0.05, and dP/dT from 59.3$\pm$7.2% and 56.7$\pm$7.6% to 78.9$\pm$4.6%, p<0.05. The infused amount of the cardioplegic solution during 2-hour ischemic period was similar in three groups. After 3-hour ischemia, cardiac output improved from 17.0$\pm$3.8%[no oxygen] to 45.9$\pm$7.5%[95% oxygen: 5% carbon dioxide], p<0.05, and stroke volume from 21.0$\pm$3.9%[no oxygen] to 50.1$\pm$6.6%[95% oxygen: 5% carbon dioxide], p<0.01. In conclusion, the St. Thomas` Hospital No. 2 cardioplegic solution should be oxygenated but with 95% oxygen: 5% carbon dioxide and not 100% oxygen because of the additive effect of a relatively "Acidotic" pH.t; pH.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2022

Increasing carbon and PM_2.5 concentrations have been emerging as serious environmental issues worldwide. The purpose of this study was to quantify carbon and PM_2.5 reduction by urban parks in Gangneung, Korea. A total of 35 parks were sampled by applying a random sampling method to survey tree planting structures and the areal distribution of land cover types of urban parks. These survey data and the Green Evaluation Technique (GET) computer program were used to estimate carbon and PM_2.5 reduction by trees. Mean tree density and cover in the study parks were 3.5±0.2 tree/100 m² and 44.5±3.0%, respectively. Annual carbon uptake and PM_2.5 deposition per unit area by trees averaged 2.8±0.2 t/ha/yr and 30.2±2.8 kg/ha/yr. Gangneung's urban parks annually offset the carbon emissions by 3.4% and the PM_2.5 emissions by 3.5%. Thus, urban parks played a significant role in reducing atmospheric carbon and PM_2.5 concentrations. Total annual carbon uptake and PM_2.5 deposition of urban parks in Gangneung were about 1,338.2 t/yr and 14,433.2 kg/yr. This study is expected to contribute to raising awareness of the role and importance of urban parks regarding carbon and PM_2.5 reduction.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.380-389
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• 2001

Non-human primates have been increasing in demand as important experimental animals and companion animals, domestically and internationally. The number of non-human primates for these purposes will be much enhanced in the near future. Despite this trend, basic physiological data are scarcely available in these animal species, leading to the difficulty to diagnose diseases when necessary, due to the absence of reference values. Particularly, there is not any report on the total activity of LDH of non-human primates, let alone LDH isoenzyme patterns, in Korea. LDH isoenzymes have a high level of efficaciousness as diagnostic and prognostic aids in various diseases. In this study, total activities and isoenzyme patterns of LDH were measured to obtain their reference values in domestically reared common marmosets, crab-eating macaques and Japanese macaques. There were widespread different values of serum total LDH among the non-human primate species experimented in this study. Serum LDH values of common marmosets and crab-eating macaques were 597.5$\pm$243.1 IU/l and 605.3$\pm$312.6 IU/l, respectively, whereas those of Japanese macaque showed 1,209$\pm$473.8 IU/l. Five isoenzyme fractions of LDH were observed in all experimented non-human primates but their ranks and proportions represented different patterns one another. In common marmosets, the percent of fraction for serum LDH1, LDH$_2$, LDH$_3$, LDH$_4$, and LDH$_{5}$ was 13.7$\pm$6.4%, 23.3$\pm$3.6%, 29.2$\pm$5.0%, 9.4$\pm$1.4% and 24.4$\pm$7.5%, respectively. The rank of LDH isoenzymes was LDH$_3$>LDH$_{5}$>LDH$_2$>LDH$_1$>LDH$_4$, in the descending order. For crab-eating macaques, the fraction of serum LDH$_1$, LDH$_2$, LDH$_3$, LDH$_4$, and LDH$_{5}$ occupied 19.5$\pm$12.7%, 25.3$\pm$9.3%, 23.8$\pm$8.1%, 10.2$\pm$2.8% and 21.3$\pm$14.2%, respectively. The order of LDH isoenzymes was LDH$_2$>LDH$_3$>LDH$_{5}$>LDH$_1$>LDH$_4$, from top to down. On the while, in Japanese macaques, the fraction of serum LDH$_1$ to LDH$_{5}$ showed 23.4$\pm$11.8%, 30.5$\pm$4.1%, 17.4$\pm$3.9%, 11.3$\pm$3.7% and 13.8$\pm$5.6%, respectively. The decreasing order indicated LDH$_2$>LDH$_1$>LDH$_3$>LDH$_{5}$>LDH$_4$. In conclusion, values such as LDH and LDH isoenzyme patterns of investigated for the first time from non-human primates reaared in Korea, could be reference values for the optimal diagnosis and therapy of diseases of the corresponding animal species. Other parameters of hematology and blood biochemistry are urgently needed to study for the benefit of our intimate non-human primates.an primates.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1349-1353
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• 2008

충청남도, 천안시 대기 에어로졸의 입경별 농도 및 이온성분 특성을 분석하고자, 2006년 3월부터 2007년 4월까지 천안시 상명대학교에서 Cascade Impactor를 장착한 High Volume Air Sampler를 이용하여 대기 시료를 채취 분석하였다. 입경별 에어로졸의 일평균농도는 TSP, PM10, PM2.5, PM1이 각각 61.7, 55.2, 43.7, $33.2{\mu}g/m^3$였으며, 직경이 $1{\sim}3{\mu}m$인 영역을 경계로 조대영역과 미세영역으로 나누어지는 전형적인 도심지 특성을 나타냈다. 이 중 미세영역입자인 PM2.5이 전체 에어로졸의 70.8%를 차지하였다. 이들 에어로졸 입자의 성분 분석 결과 양이온은 ${NH_{4}}^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$이, 음이온은 ${SO_{4}}^{2-}$, ${NO_{3}}^-$, $Cl^-$가 주요 성분이었으며, 이들 수용성 이온이 차지하는 비율은 조대입자에서 37.4%, 미세입자에서 46.2%였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.230-239
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• 1999

Digital color doppler ultrasonographic system(DCDUS) has a lot of diagnostic functions. One of these is a detection of low velocity vessels in the organs of abdominal cavity. The purpose of study was to determine the clinical usefulness of DCDUS. Interlobar artery resistive index(RI), pulsatility index(PI) and systolic diastolic ratio(SDr) were measured for diagnosis of obstructed urinary tract. RI, PI and SDr were a measure of intrarenal blood flow impedance. This study was consisted of 2 groups. The normal group was studied in 16 normal adult dogs and the study group was studied 7 dogs with surgically induced, unilateral ureteral obstruction. In the study group, parameters were checked in normal condition and on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day after ligation. The result were summarized as follows. In the normal group, RI, PI and SDr of the left kidney was $0.65{\pm}0.04$, $1.25{\pm}0.12$ and $292.45{\pm}29.40$, respectively. RI, PI and SDr of the right kidney were $0.64{\pm}0.05$, $1.28{\pm}0.20$ and $282.25{\pm}37.26$, respectively. In the study group, RI of the left kidney induced ligation was increased significantly on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day. RI of the left kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day were $0.75{\pm}0.05$, $0.71{\pm}0.03$, $0.74{\pm}0.04$, $0.74{\pm}0.02$, $0.73{\pm}0.02$ and $0.73{\pm}0.04$, respectively. PI of the left kidney was increased significantly on 1, 3, 5 and 7th day. PI of the left kidney on 1, 3, 5 and 7th day were $1.57{\pm}0.21$, $1.54{\pm}0.24$, $1.60{\pm}0.15$ and $1.60{\pm}0.26$, respectively. SDr of the left kidney increased significantly on 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7th day. SDr of the left kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7th day were $412.18{\pm}86.69$, $352.14{\pm}47.05$, $399.77{\pm}65.54$, $369.43{\pm}48.34$ and $365.57{\pm}22.46$, respectively(p<0.05). In the study group, RI of the left kidney was more increased than that of the right kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day. PI of the left kidney was more increased than that of the right kidney on 1, 3, 5, and 7th day. SDr of the left kidney was more increased than that of the right kidney on 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7th day(p<0.05). RI was effective in the diagnosis of an acute unilateral ureteral obstruction. PI and SDr were insufficient in the diagnosis of an acute unilateral ureteral obstruction.