• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.88-107
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• 2000

The Alcoholics Anonymous(AA) program has been known to be effective in many countries in helping alcoholics to stop drinking and to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. In this study, we examined AA activities among Korean AA members and measured the self-evaluated physical, social, and mental changes following the entry into the AA program. Out of identified 300 AA members who were attending 18 different AA group meetings at the time of the survey, 207 completed the self-administered questionnaire(response rate of 69.0%). T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the scores of physica(4-items), social(4-items), and menta(10-items) changes according to the level of AA activities. The proportion of the respondents who practiced the 11th step (meditation) or the 12th step (take alcoholics to a meeting after carrying messages) on the regular basis was 66.6% and 37.2%, respectively. The average time spent in meditation per week was $4.8{\pm}5.47$ hours. The length of participation in AA meetings has significantly positive impact on the average score of changes in all the 3 health states; physical(p<.01), social(p<.05), and mental states(p<.01). Also, practicing the 11th step was significantly associated with improvement of social(p<.01) and mental(p<.05), while practicing the 12th step improved only mental states(p<.01). Our findings demonstrated that not only the length of participation in AA meetings but also the practice of regular meditation(11th step) and taking alcoholics to an AA meeting after carrying messages(12th step) are very important for AA members, and lead to great positive changes in physical, social, and mental states following entry into the AA program.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the standard work time of dietetic staff through work sampling methodology in school flood service systems. Work measurement through work sampling methodology was conducted in five conventional, five commissary and five joint management flood service systems over two consecutive weeks in October 1999. Statistical analysis was performed on the SAS/Win 6.12 package program for Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison. Observed data were satisfied with a confidence level of 95% and a confidence interval of $\pm$ 0.05. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The actual time spent by dietetic staff members in conventional, commissary, joint-management flood servile systems was 2,394, 2,521 and 2,110 minutes per week, respectively. Transportation time of each flood service systeml and ILO allowance rate (11%) was applied. Thus, the standard work time per week of dietetic staff members in conventional, commissary, joint-management flood service systems was 2,746.14, 2,861.58 and 2,520.81 minutes, respectively. The standardized index was 1.04, 1.08 and 0.95 men in conventional, commissary, and joint-management flood service systems, respectively. Regardless of the school flood service system, those with "the duty of cooking and distribution management" had the longest labor time, while those with "duty of nutritional education" had the shortest labor time.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2014

Nuclear power plants(NPPs) are consisted of power production functions and safety functions preventing leakage of radiation. Operators working in NPPs shall maintain these functions during an operation period through various activities such as improvement & modification, corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance and surveillance test. According to the performance of these work activities, there are configuration changes in NPPs systems. Its changes cause the increase of safety risks(CDF) and plant trip risks. Recently, the importance of risk management is increasing gradually in the operation process of NPPs. Therefore, this paper presents the work management methods using the various risk monitoring systems during power operation and overhaul period. Also this paper suggests the optimum application ways of risk systems for work management.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2016

This study was conducted to understand Fatigue and CPR-related stress level anddob Job satisfaction of long-term Care Hospital nurses. The participants were 220 Care Hospital nurses in Gwang Ju and Chonnam region. Data were collected from November 17 to 30, 2014. and analyzed with SPSS 20.0 version program. The mean value for CPR-related stress was $3.29{\pm}0.64$point, $3.37{\pm}0.56$point for Fatigue and $3.06{\pm}0.44$point for Job satisfaction. Depending on subjects' characteristic, CPR-related stress and fatigue showed significant difference due to gender and manpower, however, Job satisfaction showed no difference. CPR-related stress was positively correlated with fatigue. CPR-related stress accounted for 27.8% of the cause of fatigue. Results of the study suggested seeking countermeasure to diminish the stress level for flexible nursing resources management and putting efforts to provide comfortable hospital environment. in consideration of the convergent relationship between CPR-related stress, Fatigue and Job satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.299-308
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• 2013

Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the differences and relations among the communication competence, job stress and job satisfaction of clinical nurses. Method The participants included 209 nurses who worked at general hospitals in metropolitan Seoul and Gyenggi province. The instruments used for this study were the revised version of the Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale(GICC), the Job Stress Scale, and the Job Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed using frequencies, t-test, ANOVA, Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient with the SPSS 16.0 program. Result The results of this study were as follows: The mean score for communication competence was 3.30(${\pm}0.43$). For job stress and job satisfaction's mean score were 2.90(${\pm}0.33$) and 3.01(${\pm}0.30$). Significant negative correlation were found between the communication competence and job stress of clinical nurse(r=-.247, p<.001). Significant positive correlation between the communication competence and Job Satisfaction of clinical nurse(r=.248, p<.001) was also found. Conclusion The findings of this study support the importance of the communication competence of clinical nurses for efficient human resource management. Studies for developing programs to facilitate communication competence of clinical nurses are highly recommended.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.207-218
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• 2014

This study was to compare the recognition of future career and nurse's characteristics according to nursing school system. This study was based on cross sectional descriptive method. The data were analyzed by $x^2$-test, t-test, and ANOVA using PASW WIN 18.0 program. The data represented that students who were doing associated degrees or bachelor degrees, showed the similar level recognition of future career and nurse's characteristics. However they showed differences in recognition of the career where they could create and new things(t=2.933, p=.004) and working part time(t=2.328, p=.021). In regards to recognition of nurse's characteristics bachelor degrees students had higher professional ethics($4.59{\pm}.44$). This study proposed that these research results could be used for improving methodology of nursing education.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

Purpose : This study investigates pediatric nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding iatrogenic narcotic analgesic withdrawal symptoms management (INAWSM). Methods : In this cross-sectional study, 253 pediatric nurses working at a tertiary hospital in Seoul participated. Instruments were the inventory consisting questionnaires on 35 items knowledge and 12 items attitude for INAWSM. Further, descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the nurses' knowledge and attitudes. Results : The correct answers rate of knowledge toward INAWSM was 44.9%. With respect to the pediatric nurses' attitudes, the participants scored an average value of $2.83{\pm}0.25$ out of 4 points. The factor related to the knowledge and attitude level was age, pediatric nursing experience, educational experience, and educational needs. Conclusions : Results revealed that pediatric nurses had inadequate knowledge and attitude on INAWSM despite a compulsory education. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient INAWSM educational program.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible impact factors(oral health level, oral health promotion behaviors, health level, health behaviors, and mental health) on oral health related quality of life using OHIP-14 of health allied college students. Methods: A total of 363 self-administered questionnaires were collected from university student in Seoul. To investigate the casual relationship between each variable presented in the research model, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA(Scheffe's test), man-whitney, kruskal wallis, multiple regression analysis were carried out by using SPSS ver. 21.0 Results: The study shows that the students reported mean score of OHIP-14 ($8.32{\pm}7.51$), of which physical pain was the highest score($1.88{\pm}1.45$) and social disability was the lowest score($0.69{\pm}1.13$). Multiple regression revealed that the score of OHIP-14 was shown to be significantly higher for the following people: who were get more self-reported symptom of periodontitis, halitosis, negative self-perceived general health and oral health, no received dental scaling treatment, and participants who had no experience awareness of distress in two weeks. The explanatory power was 18.2%. The most powerful factor regarding to self-reported symptom of periodontitis was shown to be negatively relations oral health-related quality of life. Conclusions: In order to enhance the students' life quality, there need to be considered for a comprehensive oral health-related quality of life program for the students through health education policy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.253-264
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing nurses' pain management in patients with dementia. A total of 197 nurses were recruited from 30 long-term care hospitals in B city. Data were collected from June 25 to July 15, 2016. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 program, which included a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analyses. The levels of knowledge were low with a score of 10.73 out of 18. The level of attitudes, self-efficacy, barriers and performance were 2.98, 3.34, 2.90, and 4.09, respectively. In addition, there were significant differences in the level of performance depending on the age (p=.046), long-term care (p=.009), and pain education (p=.004). The level of attitudes (r=.21, p=.006), self-efficacy (r=.51, p<.001) and performance were positively correlated with each other. A significant negative correlation was observed between the barriers and performance (r=-.16, p=.035). The meaningful variables that influence the performance were self-efficacy, long-term care, and pain education. These factors were responsible for 30.1%. Therefore, effective programs will be necessary to enhance pain management by improving the self-efficacy and knowledge of pain in dementia patients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.783-795
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• 2010

This study was intended to investigate the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in healthy 92 male smokers (mean age: $44.4\;{\pm}\;7.8\;yrs$). We investigated the anthropometric assessment and dietary intake survey for 2 days by 24-recall method, also blood pressure and serum lipids were measured. The average numbers of cigarettes smoking a day were 21.3/d, smoking duration were 21.5 years. The proportion of fat energy was 24.9% and intakes of vitamin B2, folate, calcium, potassum and fiber were lower than KDRI. The body mass index (BMI) and body fat % were 24.8, 23.9% respectively. The systolic ($134.1\;{\pm}\;1.4\;mmHg$) and the diastolic blood ($87.9\;{\pm}\;1.1\;mmHg$) pressure were in borderline hypertension. Among biochemical parameters, TG ($173.6\;{\pm}\;9.4\;mg/dL$) and fasting blood glucose ($109.0\;{\pm}\;2.4\;mg/dL$) levels were out of normal values. The most occurred problem among the risk factors related to MS was the borderline hypertension (63%) in subjects. Regarding the correlations of anthropometric data with biochemical factors, TG was significantly correlated with the BMI, body fat % and waist circumference. Smoking years showed positive correlation with AI. These results suggest that the smoking habit has significant relations with the risk factors of MS. Therefore, quitting is necessary to prevent MS, and nutrition education and dietary management program are required to prevent the degenerative disease.