• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

A computer code for Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is developed to sense the cross sectional phase distribution of two-phase flow in the rectangular pipe in which the tomography sensor furnished by the insulated wall, electrodes, and electric field screen. The computer code had two steps for the image reconstruction. In the forward projection step, the sensitivity matrix was constructed based on the electric field calculated by the finite difference method. In the backward projection step, the sensitivity matrix and the measured capacitances were used to reconstruct the cross sectional image. Several algorithms including LBP, TR, ITR, and PLI were employed to find the proper one for the two-phase flow analysis. Since the dielectric constant of the water in two-phase flow is sensitive to the thermal parameter such as, temperature and pressure, the developed code was evaluated to find their accuracy, speed of calculation, and sensitivity to the variation of the dielectric constant. It was found that the iterative methods are superior to the direct methods for the image reconstruction, and the PLI method was the best in the variation of the dielectric constants.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.453-464
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 FSM 축과 코스레 맹그로브 퇴적물 내 7개 중금속(Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd 및 Pb)의 오염도를 평가하였다. 맹그로브 퇴적물 내 중금속의 평균농도는 Cr 642 ${\mu}g/g$, Ni 125 ${\mu}g/g$, Cu 46.9 ${\mu}g/g$, Zn 149 ${\mu}g/g$, As 15.6 ${\mu}g/g$, Cd 0.14 ${\mu}g/g$ 및 Pb 8.55 ${\mu}g/g$으로 Cr의 농도가 가장 높았으며 Cd이 가장 낮은 농도로 존재하고 있었다. 축과 코스레 지역을 비교하면 코스레 맹그로브 퇴적물은 Cr과 Ni의 농도가 축에 비해 높았으며, 나머지 원소인 Cu, Zn, As, Cd 및 Pb는 축 맹그로브 퇴적물에서의 농도가 코스레에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 세계의 맹그로브 지역의 퇴적물 내 중금속의 농도와 비교한 축과 코스레 지역에서 채취한 맹그로브 퇴적물 Cr, Ni 및 As의 농도는 인간활동에 의한 인위적인 오염이 존재하는 다른 지역보다 높은 수준으로 나타났으며, Cu, Zn, Cd 및 Pb은 오염되지 않은 지역과 유사한 농도를 나타내었다. EF와 PLI를 이용하여 농축도(오염도) 평가결과에 의하면, As의 농축도는 높으나 나머지 원소는 오히려 배경농도에 비해 결핍된 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2020

Bacillus subtilis SRCM100333로 발효한 토마토 발효액을 제조하고, 이를 사용하여 제조한 고추장의 이화학적 및 기능성 특성을 비교하였다. 대조구로는 토마토 발효액 대신 발효하지 않은 토마토 액을 첨가하였다. 2종의 토마토 고추장 시료는 수분함량 44-45%, 염도 6.2%, pH 4.7, 적정 산도 2.8 mL/g, 색도(L 값) 22-23을 나타냈으며 아미노산성 질소를 제외한 모든 항목에서 유의적인 차이가 없는 경향을 보였다. 토마토 착즙액과 발효액 및 이를 첨가한 고추장의 기능성 분석결과, α-glucosidase 저해(AGI) 활성, pancreatic lipase 저해(PLI) 활성, 항산화, 지방세포분화 억제활성을 보였으며 모든 시료에서 세포독성은 나타나지 않았다. 토마토 발효액은 토마토 착즙액에 비하여 더 높은 PLI 활성과 SO 소거능을 보였다. 토마토 발효액을 사용하여 고추장 제조 시 52%의 NO 생성 억제능을 보였으나, 대조구인 토마토 착즙액 고추장에는 NO 생성 억제능이 확인되지 않았다. 발효하지 않은 토마토 착즙액을 이용하여 고추장을 제조한 경우와 비교 하였을 때, 토마토 발효액을 첨가하여 제조한 고추장은 고유의 붉은색은 유지하면서 강한 매운맛은 감소하였으며 다양한 기능성이 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 다양한 소비자들의 기호를 충족시킬 수 있는 고추장 개발과 같은 추가적인 연구가 지속되기를 바란다.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 1999년도 전지기술심포지움
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• pp.83-91
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• 1999

Technical advances in manufacturing techniques and applied technologies have been made for bi cell manufacture, and are currently being implemented in the areas of discrete electrode / bi cell assembly, and electrode / separator lamination. Not only have improvements been noted in the reliability of the mechanical assembly and the increase in yields and decrease in costs, battery electrical performance has also been enhanced thru these assembly techniques. Evidence has been shown that the lamination techniques can influence porosity and electrolyte dispersion, and therefore electrical performance and long term reliability of the cells.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2013

Background: We investigated the effects of pre-emptive administration of ketamine and norBNI on pain behavior and the expression of DREAM, c-Fos, and prodynorphin proteins on the ipsilateral side of the rat spinal cord at 2 and 4 hours after formalin injection. Methods: Eighty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 major groups consisting of control rats (C) (n = 12), rats given only formalin injections (F) (n = 24), and rats treated with pre-emptive administration of either ketamine (K+F) (n = 24) or norBNI (N+F) (n = 24). The non-control groups were further divided into subgroups consisting of rats that were sacrificed at 2 and 4 hours (n = 12 for each group) after formalin injection. Pain behavior was recorded for 1 hour. After 2 and 4 hours, the rats were sacrificed and the spinal cords (L4-L5 sections) were removed for immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Results: The pain behavior response was reduced in the K+F group compared to the other groups during the second phase of the formalin pain response. We detected an increase in the nuclear DREAM protein level in the K+F group at 2 and 4 hours and a transient decrease in the N+F group at 2 hours; however, it increased at 4 hours after injection. Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) and Prodynorphin-like immunoreactivity (PLI) neurons decreased in the K+F group but increased in the N+F group at 2 hours after injection. While FLI decreased, PLI increased in all groups at 4 hours after injection. Conclusions: We suggest that NMDA and kappa opioid receptors can modulate DREAM protein expression, which can affect pain behavior and protein transcriptional processes at 2 hours and bring about either harmful or protective effects at 4 hours after formalin injection.

• 복식
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• 제65권8호
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• pp.64-76
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• 2015

Gilles Deleuze highly evaluated Baroque as the expression body that implements the fold theory, a philosophical thinking about the nature of beings. This can be seen as a meaning that Baroque implements the essence of the world, or the power constituting that essence. In addition, the beauty of Baroque focuses on 'New Harmony' the sum of partial forms caused by each element, and not Platonic harmony. he evaluated the aesthetic of Baroque costume as 'acquisition of liberation and autonomy', 'derived force from infinite spiritual forces'. This study analyzed the contents of the Aesthetic of Baroque costume based on the reviewed Deleuze's folding theory, Baroque aesthetics, and views of Baroque costume. As a result, it inferred the aesthetic of Baroque costume into four types, which are as follows: open structural openness, overlapping structural dynamics, integrated structural diversity, and relationship structural integrity. This study analyzed the aesthetic of Baroque costume based on Deleuze's philosophical thinking. The analysis showed that its aesthetics, which focused on "New Harmony", created energy of life and a venue for expression of power, as the aesthetics eliminated the prejudice of complexity and excessive decoration. In addition, Baroque costume is not the simple historical costume of the past. Instead, it is one of power and spirit, still existing in modern fashion. Baroque costume's formativeness and Paradigm can be said to provide the creative principle important for modern fashion because the aesthetics implemented in Baroque costume accepts free spirit, new challenge, difference and diversity, and is similar to the spirit pursued by modern art and fashion.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1085-1099
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• 2019

We investigated the spatial and temporal variation in characteristics and pollution assessment of sediments in the watersheds of Andong-Dam and Imha-Dam, in Korea. Surface sediments were collected from six sites once a year for three years (2015-2017), and analyzed for organic matter (water content, IL, COD, TOC, TN, and TP), grain size, and concentration of trace metals (Al, Li, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and As). Organic matter generally tended to increase, and was higher in the Andong watershed compare to Imha watershed. Surface sediments were mainly composed of silt. Coarse sediments were mainly distributed at the site adjacent to Andong-Dam, and showed fining after coarsening. Fine sediment were mainly distributed at the site adjacent to Imha-Dam, and were gradually coarsening. Concentration of trace metals generally tended to increase, and was higher for sites in watershed of Andong watershed (PLI > 1) than for sites in Imha watershed (PLI < 1). Trace metals in the study area were considered to be affected by fine sediment (silt), and contamination of trace metals was somewhat affected by Pb, and greatly affected by Zn and As.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2024

Determination of jointed rock mass properties plays a significant role in the design and construction of underground structures such as tunneling and mining. Rock mass classification systems such as Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Mass Index (RMi), Rock Mass Quality (Q), and deformation modulus (Em) are determined from the jointed rock masses. However, parameters of jointed rock masses can be affected by the tunnel depth below the surface due to the effect of the in situ stresses. In addition, the geomechanical properties of rocks change due to the effect of metamorphism. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to apply correlation analysis to investigate the relationships between rock mass properties and some parameters related to the depth of the tunnel studied. For this purpose, the field work consisted of determining rock mass parameters in a tunnel alignment (~7.1 km) at varying depths from 21 m to 431 m below ground surface. At the same excavation depths, thirty-seven rock types were also sampled and tested in the laboratory. Correlations were made between vertical stress and depth, horizontal/vertical stress ratio (k) and depth, k and Em, k and RMi, k and point load index (PLI), k and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS), Em and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), UCS and PLI, UCS and BTS. Relationships were significant (significance level=0.000) at the confidence interval of 95% (r = 0.77-0.88) between the data pairs for the rocks taken from depths greater than 166 m where the ratio of horizontal to vertical stress is between 0.6 and 1.2. The in-situ stress parameters affected rock mass properties as well as metamorphism which affected the geomechanical properties of rock materials by affecting the behavior of minerals and textures within rocks. This study revealed that in-situ stress parameters and metamorphism should be reviewed when tunnel studies are carried out.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.411-421
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• 2006

치열이 발육 중에 있는 소아는 치은 및 치주 질환에 매우 흔하게 이환된다. 이 시기의 치은염은 대개 경미하며 가역적인 경우가 많으나, 만성적으로 진행하여 성인기의 치주질환으로 이행되는 경우도 발생한다. 소아의 치은 평가를 위한 방법으로 흔히 임상적인 치은염 평가 지수나 구강 위생 지수를 측정하게 된다. 치은염 측정 지수의 하나로써 치은 열구액은 치주조직과 치은 열구로부터 유래되는 염증성 삼출물로, 세균성 치태의 점진적인 축적에 대한 반응으로 증가한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 소아의 치은 상태 평가를 위해 전북대학교 병원 소아치과에 내원한 3-14세(평균 $8.5{\pm}3.1$세)의 어린이 50명과 23-33세 (평균 $26.1{\pm}3.3$세)의 성인 20명을 대상으로 육안적 지수인 치은지수와 치태지수를 조사하였다. 또한 이와 함께 치은 열구액을 채취하여 그 부피를 Periotron 8000(Oraflow Inc., USA)을 이용하여 측정하였고, 소아와 성인의 수치를 비교 분석한 결과 다음의 결론을 얻게 되었다. 1. 어린이에서 유치열기와 영구치 맹출기, 맹출 완료기의 각 군 간에 치은 열구액 부피를 비교했을 때, 평균치는 영구치 맹출기에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.1). 2. 어린이와 성인을 비교하였을 때 치은 열구액 부피는 어린이에서 유의성 있게 크게 나타났다(p<0.001). 3. 어린이와 성인 모두 임상적인 치은지수(GI)와 치태지수(PLI)는 치은 열구액의 부피와 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보였다(GI; r=0.394, p<0.001 PLI; r=0.642, p<0.001). 4. 치은 열구액을 채취한 치아의 교정 치료 유무는 치은 열구액의 부피와 유의성 있는 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.001). 그러나 레진 치료 유무나 치아 우식의 유무는 관계가 없었다(p>0.05). 5. DMFT치는 유치열기에서 영구치열기보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 또한 DMFT치와 치은 열구액 부피는 유의성 있는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다(p>0.1).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2013

Purpose: To investigate the effects of initiation side on gait symmetry in the chronic stroke patients. Methods: Twenty one patients with independent gait after stroke were divided into the paretic-leg gait initiation group (PLI) and the nonparetic-leg gait initiation group (NPLI). The symmetry ratio (SR) was calculated from of the spatiotemoral and kinematic parameter which measured by 3D motion analysis. Results: In the spatiotemporal variables, SR-step length and SR-velocity was significantly different between groups (p<0.05). In the kinematic variables, SR-TOAA and SR-SwPAA of the hip joint was significantly different between groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that the initiating leg may influence on the gait symmetry of stroke patient These results will be a helpful reference in hemiplegic gait training or intervention.