• 한국측량학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2018

Many applications using satellite data from high-resolution multispectral sensors require an image fusion step, known as pansharpening, before processing and analyzing the multispectral images when spatial fidelity is crucial. Image fusion methods are to improve images with higher spatial and spectral resolutions by reducing spectral distortion, which occurs on image fusion processing. The image fusion methods can be classified into MRA (Multi-Resolution Analysis) and CSA (Component Substitution Analysis) approaches. To suggest the efficient image fusion method for Pleiades and KOMPSAT (Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite) 3 satellites, this study will evaluate image fusion methods for multispectral and panchromatic images. HPF (High-Pass Filtering), SFIM (Smoothing Filter-based Intensity Modulation), GS (Gram Schmidt), and GSA (Adoptive GS) were selected for MRA and CSA based image fusion methods and applied on multispectral and panchromatic images. Their performances were evaluated using visual and quality index analysis. HPF and SFIM fusion results presented low performance of spatial details. GS and GSA fusion results had enhanced spatial information closer to panchromatic images, but GS produced more spectral distortions on urban structures. This study presented that GSA was effective to improve spatial resolution of multispectral images from Pleiades 1A and KOMPSAT 3.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2015

최근 남북교류 협력사업과 통일에 대비한 각종 계획 및 정책 수립에 비접근 지역에 대한 공간자료의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 PLEIADES 영상과 TerraSAR 기준점을 활용하여 비접근 지역의 1/5,000 수치지형도 제작을 위한 기하보정의 허용오차 만족 가능성을 평가하였다. GPS 측량성과의 기준점 수량 및 배치를 변경해 가면서 기하보정을 수행하였고, 기하학적 배치와 안전성을 고려하여 5점을 활용하는 방안을 선정하였다. 선정된 위치에 TerraSAR 기준점을 확보하여 정확도를 평가한 결과, RMSE는 X=±0.64m, Y=±0.46m, Z=±0.28m였고, TerraSAR 기준점으로 PLEIADES 영상을 기하보정한 결과, RMSE는 X=±0.34m, Y=±0.27m, Z=±0.11m, 검사점에 대한 RMSE는 X=±0.50m, Y=±0.30m, Z=±0.66m임을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 비접근지역의 PLEIADES 영상과 최적의 TerraSAR 기준점을 확보하여 공간자료를 구축한다면 국내 항공삼각측량의 조정계산 및 오차한계의 1/5,000 수치지형도 제작 규정에 부합하는 고정밀 공간정보의 확보가 가능하다고 사료된다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제32권4_1호
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• pp.299-309
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 최근 서비스화 된 PLEIADES의 GSD 0.5m 영상을 이용하여 1/5,000 수치지형도 제작의 가능성을 평가하였다. PLEIADES 영상의 초기 RPC 계수를 적용한 결과, 검사점에 대한 RMSE가 $X={\pm}1.806m$, $Y={\pm}2.132m$, $Z={\pm}1.973m$이며, 초기 RPC 계수와 지상기준점 16점으로 기하보정한 결과, RMSE가 $X={\pm}0.104m$, $Y={\pm}0.171m$, $Z={\pm}0.036m$이며, 검사점에 대한 RMSE는 $X={\pm}0.357m$, $Y={\pm}0.239m$, $Z={\pm}0.188m$로 1/5,000 수치지형도 제작에 대한 허용오차의 기준에 부합하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, TerraSAR 기준점을 평가하여 활용 가능성 여부를 확인하기 위해 좌표 변환하여 GPS 측량성과와 비교한 결과, RMSE가 $X={\pm}0.818m$, $Y={\pm}0.200m$, $Z={\pm}0.265m$의 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구 결과로 PLEIADES 영상과 정확한 지상기준점을 이용하면 1/5,000 수치지형도 제작이 가능하다는 것을 확인하였으며, 비접근 지역의 수치지형도 제작을 위한 기준점 확보 방안으로 TerraSAR 기준점을 평가한 결과, 1/5,000 수치지형도를 제작하기 위한 기준점에는 부합하지는 않았지만, 향후 대안으로써 TerraSAR 기준점을 활용하는 방안에 대하여 추가 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2016

This study proposes an approach for simulating high spatial resolution satellite images acquired under arbitrary sun-sensor geometry using existing images and 3D (three-dimensional) data. First, satellite images, having significant differences in spectral regions compared with those in the simulated image were transformed to the same spectral regions as those in simulated image by using the UPDM (Universal Pattern Decomposition Method). Simultaneously, shadows cast by buildings or high features under the new sun position were modeled. Then, pixels that changed from shadow into non-shadow areas and vice versa were simulated on the basis of existing images. Finally, buildings that were viewed under the new sensor position were modeled on the basis of open library-based 3D reconstruction program. An experiment was conducted to simulate WV-3 (WorldView-3) images acquired under two different sun-sensor geometries based on a Pleiades 1A image, an additional WV-3 image, a Landsat image, and 3D building models. The results show that the shapes of the buildings were modeled effectively, although some problems were noted in the simulation of pixels changing from shadows cast by buildings into non-shadow. Additionally, the mean reflectance of the simulated image was quite similar to that of actual images in vegetation and water areas. However, significant gaps between the mean reflectance of simulated and actual images in soil and road areas were noted, which could be attributed to differences in the moisture content.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2022

The importance of the classical theme of how the Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) and Top-of-Canopy (TOC) reflectance of high-resolution satellite images match the actual atmospheric reflectance and surface reflectance has been emphasized. Based on the Radiometric Calibration Network (RadCalNet) BTCN and BSCN data, this study compared the accuracy of TOA and TOC reflectance products of the currently available optical satellites, including KOMPSAT-3, WorldView-2, and Pléiades-1A image sets calculated using the absolute atmospheric correction function of the Orfeo Toolbox (OTB) tool. The comparison experiment used data in 2018 and 2019, and the Landsat-8 image sets from the same period were applied together. The experiment results showed that the product of TOA and TOC reflectance obtained from the three sets of images were highly consistent with RadCalNet data. It implies that any imagery may be applied when high-resolution reflectance products are required for a certain application. Meanwhile, the processed results of the OTB tool and those by the Apparent Reflection method of another tool for WorldView-2 images were nearly identical. However, in some cases, the reflectance products of Landsat-8 images provided by USGS sometimes showed relatively low consistency than those computed by the OTB tool, with the reference of RadCalNet BTCN and BSCN data. Continuous experiments on active vegetation areas in addition to the RadCalNet sites are necessary to obtain generalized results.