• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.155-158
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• 2008

Site index is the essential tool for forest management to estimate the productivity of forest land Generally, site index equation is developed and used by relationship between stand age and dominant tree heights. However, there is a limit to use the site index equation in the application of variable ages, environmental influence, and estimation of site index for unstocked land. Therefore, it was attempted to develop a new site index equations based on various environmental factors including site and topographical variables. This study was conducted to develop regional site index equations based on the relationship between site index and soil factors for Pinus densiflora. Environmental factors that obtained from GIS application, were selected by stepwise-regression. Site index Equation was estimated by multiple regression from selected factors. Four environmental factors were selected in the final site index equations by stepwise regression. It was observed that coefficients of determination for site index equations were ranged from 0.34 which seem to be relatively low but good enough for estimation of forest stand productivity. The site index equations developed in this study were also verified to be useful by three evaluation statistics such as model's estimation bias, model's precision and mean square error type of measure.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1988

The environmental gradient analyses were aplied for the ordination of forest vegetation in Mt. Naejang national park area in Korea. The species population sequence along soil moisture gradient, mesic to xeric, was shown in following order: Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, Lindera erythrocarpa, Cornus controversa, Acer mono, Carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus aliena, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Torreya mucifera, Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora in tree species and Acer pseudo-siebolidianum var. koreanum, Lindera obtusiloba, Styrax obassia, Styrax japonica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Rhododendron schlippenbachii in shrub species. Ten ecological groups of tree were grouped and coincided with the vegetational units in phytosociological classification by Z-M method, associations. Four vegetation types, cove forest with Zelkova serrata and Lindera erythrocarpa, hornbeam forest with Carpinum laxiflora and Carpinum tschonoskii, oak forest with Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica and pine forest with Pinus densiflora as the dominant species were separated in mosaic chart by the two dimensional analyses of elevation and soil moisture gradient.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.388-395
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• 2018

Radionuclides were deposited at forest areas in eastern parts of Japan following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant incident in March 2011. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi have important effects on radiocaesium dynamics in forest ecosystems. We examined the effect of colonization by the EM fungus Astraeus hygrometricus on the uptake of cesium (Cs) and potassium (K) by Pinus densiflora seedlings. Pine seedlings exhibited enhanced growth after the EM formation due to the colonization by A. hygrometricus. Additionally, the shoot Cs concentration increased after the EM formation when Cs was not added to the medium. This suggests that A. hygrometricus might be able to solubilize Cs fixed to soil particles. Moreover, the shoot K concentration increased significantly after the EM formation when Cs was added. However, there were no significant differences in the root K concentration between EM and non-EM seedlings. These results suggest that different mechanisms control the transfer of Cs and K from the root to the shoot of pine seedlings.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate effects of fertilization treatments (non-fertilizing, deep-fertilizing 20g, 50g, 100g, and surface-fertilizing 20g) on survival rate, growth performances, and seedling quality index (SQI) of container seedling and bare root seedling of Pinus densiflora in the field. There were no significantly differences in survival rate among fertilization treatments in the field. Besides, there was no toxic effect on seedling by over 100g fertilization in deep-fertilizing treatment. The root collar diameter and height of P. densiflora in both seedling types were the highest at 100g fertilization in deep-fertilizing treatments, and the biomass products and SQI were the same as above growth of root collar diameter and height. In most of the treatments, container seedlings showed better growth performances than bare root seedlings. In optimal fertilization, effect of fertilization was higher in container seedling than bare root seedling.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the actual vegetation and plant community structure of the urban forest in Kwangju Metropolitan City. Thirty eight plots in the urban forest were set up by the clumped sampling method. The degree of green naturality, 6 that is artifical planting area covered 10.9% in Kwangju Metropolitan City and Pinus densiflora community covered 48.7% of the actual vegetations of urban forest. Canopy height, Diameter of breast height (DBH) and No. of species in urban forest were 13.5m, 21cm and 24 species, respectively. The soil conditions and community structure of the urban forest were differenced by location of urban and suburban area. The plant communities divided into six groups which were Quercus acutissima community, Q. acutissima-Robinia pseudo-acacia community, Pinus rigida Community, P. rigida-P. densiflora community, P. densifrora-Q. acutissima community and Q, serrata-P. densiflora community. Successional series of the urban forest in the surveyed area were proceeding from P. dinsiflora to Quercus species. The species diversity of plant were high in natural plant community but low in artificial plant community. Tree density in the canopy layer varied from 600ea/ha to 2,800ea/ha.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1980

Monoterpenes, phenolic substances, growth substances and total nitrogen from normal needles and infested needles attacked by Thecodiplosis japonensis were compared for Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii and Pinus rigida. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. Major monoterpene components in P. densiflora needles were ${\beta}$-phellandrene, ${\alpha}$-pinene and those in P. rigida needles were ${\beta}$-pinene and ${\alpha}$-pinene. In P. rigida resistant to this insect, infested needles showed higher ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene and myrcene but lower camphene, limonene and ${\beta}$-phellandrene than normal needles. 2. Orcinol, catechol ferulic acid, salicylic acid and five unknowns were detected in P. rigida needles whereas orcinol, catechol, ferulic acid and four unknowns in P. densiflora needles. 3. Tryptophan, a precursor of IAA, was detected in larvae and also in gall tissues of both P. densiflora and P. thunbergii needles. This fact shows that growth substances may involve in gall formation by Thecodiplosis japonensis. 4. Total nitrogen contents per unit needle weight were neither significantly different between P. densiflora and P. rigida, nor between normal and infested needles.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.531-539
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• 1994

We examined the in vitro rooting and survival of tissue cultured plantlets of Quercus acutissima Carr. and Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. after addition of Pisolithus tinctorius(Pt) ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculum to the medium and effects of three levels of sucrose and phosphorus in culture media. Shoots of Quercus acutissima were obtained from winter buds of a 30-year old tree and cuttings of Pinus densiflora from germinated seed, and they were inoculated with Pt in vitro. In both species, Pt enhanced shoot length, survival, number of adventitious roots, root length, and rooting percentage. Survival in Quercus acutissima was increased from 75% in control to 100% in Pt inoculation. Pt inoculation increased the percentage of rooting from 20% to 70% in Quercus acutissima cuttings and from 63% to 100% in Pinus densiflora cuttings. It is concluded that mycorrhizal inoculation to tissue cultured Quercus acutissima Carr. and to in vitro cutting of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. has practical application to improvement of poor root development and initial period of reduced shoot growth in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.188-199
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to provide data for conservation management of Pinus densiflora forest by analyzing ecological characteristics and the change of Pinus densiflora community structure for fifteen years in Gayasan National Park. According to the results of TWINSPAN analysis of Pinus densiflora forest, there were twenty plots(unit: $500m^2$)and it was classified into seven community types. The dominant species were Pinus densiflora in canopy layer, Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata in the understory layer and Sasa borealis, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rhus trichocarpa in the shrub layer. The index of shannon's diversity was from 0.6803 to 1.2559 per $500m^2$ and the range of species number was from twenty-seven to fourty. As a result of the change of Pinus densiflora forest structure, the importance percentage(I.P.) of Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata in the understory layer were increased for fifteen years. The index of shannon's diversity changed $0.2608{\sim}1.0124\;into\;0.5547{\sim}1.2567\;per\;500m^2$ and species number changed $14{\sim}26\;into\;26{\sim}34$ for fifteen year.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.66-78
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to minimize the forest disturbance around an entry road of a power transmission tower construction site between Taean and Sinsesan, Chungnam. The main study field was classified into existing materials and a GIS, remote sensing analysis, and a field examination. This information was used to identify the most suitable entry road using a degree of green naturality map, eco-naturality map, actual vegetation map, and a forest state map as the existing materials. Also, the study used an normalized difference vegetation index, altitude and slope map in order to make the evaluation materials which used an remote sensing image, and GIS. This data was used to choose an optimum area, and diagnosed the current condition of the vegetation with a field survey of the area. It analyzed vegetation structure, species diversity, the age of trees in a field examination. Subsequently, we proposed four area types based on the analysis results--preservation area, transplantation area, restoration area and development area. As a result, the preservation area was categorized into 8 grades, according to the degree of green naturality, large area of breast diameter at Pinus densiflora community, competition area of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. and Quercus spp. community of over 20 years old. A transplantation area established 46 optimum areas according to the GIS analysis and vegetation investigation results. Vegetation restoration plan for disturbance area should be made based on ecological value of existing vegetation to worthwhile area as Quercus spp. mixing forest proposed. The development area selected a ecological worthless place as an artificial forest where Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii growth is poor. This research results suggest that restoration of vegetation will be possible in the real world. Also, ecological restoration guidelines will be made through building and analyzing data base and routine monitoring of transplantation and restoration area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2008

This study was carried out to analyze Sungkyunkwan University Forest vegetation at Pocheon. Employing the releve method of Braun-Blanquet, 20 plots were sampled. The communities were classified into Larix leptolepis community, Quercus mongolica community, Pinus koraiensis community and Pinus densiflora community. Average coverage rate was 91% in tree layer, 39% in subtree layer, 44% in shrub layer, 43% in herb layer, respectively. The importance values were 61.79% in Larix leptolepis, 52.08% in Quercus mongolica, 44.6% in Pinus koraiensis, 30.35% in Pinus densiflora, 17.78% in Styrax obassia, 10.9% in Fraxinus rhynchophyllia. DBH range of most Quercus mongolica was between 6cm and 15cm. Therefore, Quercus mongolica will be dominant species in the study area for several more decades.