• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.2066-2070
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• 2009

A voltage controlled attenuator using a PIN diode and two resistors of the $\pi$-type fixed attenuator is described in this paper. The proposed variable attenuator operating for a fixed attenuation range has a good input VSWR and a low intermodulation signal. For the low phase shift, a PIN diode is connected with open stub for the purpose of phase compensation. The stub for phase compensation is calculated by the Deloach method and the related circuit theory. This attenuator is easily fabricated on the microstrip and can be normally used in fine control circuits within small attenuation range. The fabricated attenuator for 2110~2170 MHz frequency band has about 4 dB of an attenuation range, $2^{\circ}$ of phase variance, and -20 dB of S11 according to the input voltage from 0 to 2.7 V.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06b
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• pp.165-168
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• 2002

As the demand for higher data-rate chip-to-chip communication such as memory-to-controller, processor-to-processor increases, low cost high-speed serial links\ulcorner become more attractive. This paper describes a 0.25-fm CMOS 1.6Gbps/pin 4-level transceiver using Stub Series Terminated Logic for high Bandwidth. For multi-gigabit/second application, the data rate is limited by Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) caused by channel low pass effects, process-limited on-chip clock frequency, and serial link distance. The proposed transceiver uses multi-level signaling (4-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation) using push-pull type, double data rate and flash sampling. To reduce Process-Voltage-Temperature Variation and ISI including data dependency skew, the proposed high-speed calibration circuits with voltage swing controller, data linearity controller and slew rate controller maintains desirable output waveform and makes less sensitive output. In order to detect successfully the transmitted 1.6Gbps/pin 4-level data, the receiver is designed as simultaneous type with a kick - back noise-isolated reference voltage line structure and a 3-stage Gate-Isolated sense amplifier. The transceiver, which was fabricated using a 0.25 fm CMOS process, performs data rate of 1.6 ~ 2.0 Gbps/pin with a 400MHB internal clock, Stub Series Terminated Logic ever in 2.25 ~ 2.75V supply voltage. and occupied 500 * 6001m of area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.377-377
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• 2007

A simplified integration process including packaging is presented, which enables the realization of the portable fluorescence detection system. A fluorescence detection microchip system consisting of an integrated PIN photodiode, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) as the light source, an interference filter, and a microchannel was developed. The on-chip fluorescence detector fabricated by poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based packaging had thin-film structure. A silicon-based integrated PIN photo diode combined with an optical filter removed the background noise, which was produced by an excitation source, on the same substrate. The active area of the finger-type PIN photo diode was extended to obtain a higher detection sensitivity of fluorescence. The sensitivity and the limit of detection (LOD S/N = 3) of the system were $0.198\;nA/{\mu}M$ and $10\;{\mu}M$, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2019

Healing of 48 cases of radial fractures in small breed dogs treated with acrylic pin external fixation was evaluated retrospectively to investigate the factors affecting the healing of radial fractures. The mean age of the subjects was 15.02 months, the mean body weight was 3.48 kg, and the mean maximum length of the radius (MLR) was 90.77 mm. External skeletal fixation frames type 1a, 2a, and 3 were used; among them type 2a was used most frequently (75%). The mean time to clinical union (TCU) was 67.17 days, and the success rate was 95.8%. Age, bodyweight, MLR, and occurrence of complications increased TCU significantly. Among complications, pin loosening, swelling of the operated forelimb tissue for more than 2 weeks, and coexistence of two or more complications increased TCU significantly (p < 0.05). There was no relationship between location of the fracture and TCU. The results of this study may be useful to predict the prognosis of radial fractures in small dogs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.176-190
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• 2005

Statement of problem. The current trend in prosthodontics is the adoption of a conservative approach to preparing dental prostheses by minimizing the amount of sound tooth structure removal during preparation. Purpose. The major disadvantage of the adhesion bridge is the inherently poor resistance to dislodgement that its use in areas subjected to high occlusal load is limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the dislodgement resistance of $Bio-pin^{(R)}$, conventional 3-unit and adhesion bridges. Material and methods. The experimental groups were classified as follows : Group I : 3-unit bridge cemented using $Super-Bond^{(R)}$ C&B Group II : Adhesion bridge cemented using $Super-Bond^{(R)}$ C&B Group III : $Bio-pin^{(R)}$ design adhesion bridge without incorporation of $Bio-pin^{(R)}$ (cemented using $Super-Bond^{(R)}$ C&B) Group IV-1 : $Bio-pin^{(R)}$ retained adhesion bridge incorporating a single $Bio-pin^{(R)}$ (cemented using $Super-Bond^{(R)}$ C&B) Group IV-2 : $Bio-pin^{(R)}$ retained adhesion bridge incorporating a single $Bio-pin^{(R)}$ (cemented using $Panavia^{(R)}$ F) Group V : $Bio-pin^{(R)}$ retained adhesion bridge incorporating two $Bio-pins^{(R)}$ (cemented using $Super-Bond^{(R)}$ C&B) Results. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Significant differences in dislodgement resistance of the restorations were found between Group I, Group II and Group III (p<0.05). No significant differences in dislodgement resistance of the restorations were observed between Group I Group IV-1 and Group V. However, there were significant differences in dislodgement resistance between Group II and the other groups (p<0.05). 2. No significant differences in dislodgement resistance of the restorations were observed between GroupIV-1 and GroupIV-2, both of which utilized a single $Bio-pin^{(R)}$. However, significant differences were observed when Group III was compared to either GroupIV-1 or Group V (p<0.05). 3. No significant differences in dislodgement resistance relative to the type of dental cements used were found. Conclusion. From the above results, it is concluded that the dislodgement resistance of $Bio-pin^{(R)}$ bridge restorations utilizing a single $Bio-pin^{(R)}$ is similar to that of a conventional 3-unit bridge. The results also suggest that $Bio-pin^{(R)}$ bridge restorations using a single $Bio-pin^{(R)}$ are a viable alternative to the conventional 3-unit bridge when minimal removal of sound tooth structure and fulfillment of both function and esthetic aspects are considered.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2008

Shearing strength test in tension type was investigated to determine the shear resistance of bolt and drift-pin connection of domestic larix glulam. The specimen was connected with bolt and drift-pin in the inserted plate type, and only bolt in the side plate type. The diameter of bolt and drift-pin used in the experiment are 12, 16 and 20 mm. The hole of bolt was drilled at the end-distance 5 d and 7 d. Tension load was loaded in the direction parallel to grain. The shear resistance was evaluated according to end-distance through this, the yield load was compared with the experimental yield load, using Larsen's formula. The prototype design strength is based on the yield load of end-distance 7 d and the reduction factor of end-distance 5 d was calculated. The results were as follows. 1. The average of maximum load of drift-pin connection was higher by 3~30% at the inserted type than at bolt connection with increasing diameter. In bolt connection, the average of maximum load of the side type was 1.54~2.07 times higher than that of the inserted type. In the same diameter, the average of maximum load of end-distance 7 d was higher by 8~44% than that of 5 d. 2. The bearing stress was 1.16~1.41 times higher at the inserted connection than at drift-pin connection, and 1.37~1.86 times higher at 7 d than at 5 d. Also, when the slenderness ratio was below 7.5 at drift-pin connection and below 6.0 at inserted connection, the lateral capacity was good. 3. The ratio of the experimental yield load and the predicted yield load calculated by Larsen's formula proposed by Larsen was 0.80~1.10 at inserted connection, and 0.75~1.46 at side connection. 4. When the inserted bolt connection was based on the yield load of end-distance 7 d, the reduction factor was 0.89 at 12 mm connection, 0.93 at 16 mm and 0.85 at 20 mm. The reduction factor was 0.89 at 12 mm the inserted drift-pin connection, 0.93 at 16 mm, 0.93 at 20 mm. The reduction factor was 0.79 at the side connection of the 12 mm bolt connection and 0.80 at 16 mm.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 1993

Streptomyces coeUc%r (Muller) cells were treated with $100 \mu$M hydrogen peroxide for I hour and proteins synthesized during hydrogen peroxide stress were labeled with L-[$^{35}S$]-methionine. Total cellular proteins were extracted and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In exponential growth phase, synthesis of about 100 proteins was increased by hydrogen peroxide treatment. These proteins were named as Pin (£eroxide-inducib]e) proteins and classified into 4 subgroups according to their induction time after hydrogen peroxide treatment. About 60 of them were found to be induced within 20 minutes and maintained throughout I hour of treatment. In stationary growth phase. synthesis of 62 proteins was increased by hydrogen peroxide and 21 of them were the same Pins found in exponential growth phase. Proteins from the mutants which are resistant to hydrogen peroxide were obtained in exponential growth phase and compared with those from the wild type on two-dimensional gel. The three mutants, N7, N9. and N24, were found to have higher constitutive leve]s of ]5, 17, and 15 Pin proteins respectively, than the wild type. 9 of these Pin proteins (D74.7a, E76.0c, E23.3. F50.7, F47.2a. F25.5, G39.6b, G24.0, H39.6a) increased in two of the three mutants and 3 proteins (F39.7, H6I.7. 120.8) increased in all of the three mutants. These proteins might play important roles in the response of S. coelic%r to hydrogen peroxide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.915-918
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• 1997

An internal finishing process by the application of magnetic abrasive machining has been developed as a new technology to obtain a fine inner surface of pipe. In this paper, an abrasive circulation system was designed and manufactured. As a result, it was found that a fine inner surface abrasive of pipe was available by the use of this machining methods. The basic machining characteristics of pin-type magnetic tools were analyzed experimentally. In addition, the experimental results show that we can realize that pin-type magnetic tools have more machining efficiency than iron particles as magnetic tools.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

An overload limiter is used to prevent its overturning accident during an operation of a movable crane. Recently the indirect measuring method, which measures hoisting load and overturning moment of overload limiter, demands instead of the existing method, which measures only hoisting load. The indirectly measuring method is how to conduct the hoisting load and overturning moment as measuring the load of hydraulic cylinder for a luffing driving of boom. So we need to develop the multi-angular pin type load cell with the measuring angle of ${\pm}10$ degree instead of the existing load cell with the measuring angle of ${\pm}2$ degree. In this study the finite element analysis is conducted to evaluate the effect of the aspect ratio of measuring cross section on the measuring limit of the load cell to develop the many-angular pin type load cell. For this investigation, the aspect ratio of measuring cross section and load applying angle were adopted as design parameters and the stresses of measuring part were evaluated for each parameter.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

The integration of PV modules into building facades or roof could raise their temperature that results in the reduction of PV system's electrical power generation. Hot air can be extracted from the space between PV modules and building envelope, and used for heating in buildings. The extraction of hot air from the space will enhance the performance of BIPV systems. The solar collector utilizing these two aspects is called PV/T(photovoltaic/thermal) solar collector. This paper compares the experimental performance of two different types of air type PV/T collector units: the base case of a collector unit with 10cm gap for forced ventilation and the other unit with copper pin attached to PV module to enhance its thermal performance. The experimental results shows that the base case unit had the overall efficiency of 41.9% and the improved unit with copper pin attached to PV module had 50.1% efficiency. For these air type PV/T units, the forced ventilation of the air space improved the electrical performance as well as the thermal performance.