• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.705-706
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• 2008

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2016

Two identical Particle Into Liquid Samplers-Total Organic Carbon (PILS-TOC) were operated to measure fine particle Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) for one week on Feb. in 2016. The dual instrument operations provided validated WSOC concentrations to have a continuous WSOC measurement during the sample analysis period. Both PILS-TOC instruments were operated downstream of an carbon denuder to remove positive adsorption artifacts associated with semi-volatile organic compounds. Comparison of WSOC showed good agreement each other. The linear regression had a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) of 0.92 and a regression slope of 1.01 for the first period. The lower collection efficiency due to lower steam temperature is discussed. In addition, the potential primary source related to WSOC based on the comparison of black carbon (BC) concentrations is explained. The results of good agreement between two PILS-TOC measurements can provide the validation of WSOC cooperations and knowledge regarding the origins of WSOC and their behaviors.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.461-476
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• 2014

Continuous Water-Soluble Organic Carbons (WSOC) by the Particle Into Liquid Sampler - Total Organic Carbon (PILS-TOC) analyzer were measured at the Seoul intensive monitoring site from June 17 through July 5 in 2014. In addition, the 24 hour integrated PM2.5 collected by Teflon and Quartz filters were analyzed for water soluble ions by Ion chromatography (IC), WSOC by TOC from water extracts, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) by carbon analyzer using the thermal optical transmittance (TOT) method, and mass fragment ions (m/z) related to alkanes and PAHs (Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons) by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer-Thermal Desorption (GC/MS-TD). Based on the statistical analysis, four different Carbonaceous Thermal Distributions (CTDs) from OCEC thermal-gram were identified. This study discusses the primary and secondary sources of WSOC based on the Classified CTD, organic mass fragments, and diurnal patterns of WSOC. The results provide knowledge regarding the origins of WSOC and their behaviors.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2006

본 논문에서 VDS(동역학 시뮬레이터)와 ACS(자세제어 시뮬레이터)를 개발하고 VDS를 ACS와 연동한 PILS를 통해 검증하였다. VDS는 정지궤도위성의 자세제어계 하드웨어 특성을 고려한 모델링 및 모듈화로 구성하였다. ACS는 센서 데이터로부터 자세결정을 수행한 후 구동기에 적절한 명령을 생성하는 역할을 한다. 또한, VDS와 PCDU(전력제어분배장치) 하드웨어와의 데이터 송수신을 위해 데이터획득보드를 장착하였다. VDS와 PCDU와의 HILS 연동시험을 통해서도 VDS의 성능검증을 수행하였다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2004

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2016

Military Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is utilized to search a mine under the sea. This paper presents design and performance verification of real-time hybrid navigation system for AUV. The navigation system uses Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) integration method to correct INS error in underwater. When the AUV is floated on the water, the accumulated error of navigation algorithm is corrected using position/velocity of GPS. The navigation algorithm is verified using 6 Degree Of Freedom (DOF) simulation, Program In the Loop Simulation (PILS). Finally, the experiments are performed in real sea environment to prove the reliability of real-time hybrid navigation algorithm.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2012

In this paper, a operation network system equipped with onboard wireless communication systems and ground-based mission control systems is proposed for swarm flight of small UAVs. This operating system can be divided into two networks, UAV communication network and ground control system. The UAV communication network is intend to exchange the informations of navigation, mission and flight status with minimum time delay. The ground control system consisted of mission control systems and UDP network. Proposed operation network system can make a swarm flight of various UAVs, execute complex missions decentralizing mission to several UAVs and cooperte several missions. Finally, PILS environments are developed based on the total operating system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2008

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.542-547
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• 2012

현재까지 대부분의 지상통제 소프트웨어는 단일 무인 항공기에 대한 자세, 위치, 상태의 수신 및 가시화와 항공기의 운용을 위한 조종 명령 및 임무 전송의 기능만 갖추고 있었다. 하지만 단일 무인기의 운용에서 다중 무인기의 운용으로 사용자의 요구가 확장됨에 따라 지상통제 소프트웨어도 다중 무인기의 운용을 위한 기능의 확장이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다중 무인항공기의 운용을 위한 요구사항을 제시하고 이를 만족시키기 위한 지상통제 소프트웨어의 구조를 제안하였다. 우선, 제시된 상위 요구 성능을 분석하여 그에 따른 전체 구조를 정의하고, 이를 다시 세부 요구사항으로 설정하여 세부구조를 설계하였다. 마지막으로 PILS 환경에서 구성된 지상통제 소프트웨어의 기능을 검증하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.457-468
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• 2018

To improve understanding of the physico-chemical characteristics of aerosols in the national park and comparing the air pollution between national park and the urban area nearby national park, the aerosol characterization study was conducted in Bukhansan National Park, Seoul, from July through September 2017. Semi-continuous measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ using PILS (Particle Into Liquid System) coupled with IC (Ion Chromatography) and TOC (Total Organic Carbon) analyzer allowed quantification of concentrations of major ionic species($Cl^-$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $Na^+$, $NH_4{^+}$, $K^+$, $Mg{^{2+}}$ and $Ca{^{2+}}$) and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) with 30-minute time resolution. The total mass concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was measured by T640 (Teledyne) with 5-minute time resolution. The black carbon (BC) and ozone were measured with a minute time resolution. The timeline of aerosol chemical compositions reveals a strong influence from urban area (Seoul) at the site in Bukhansan National Park. Inorganic aerosol composition was observed to be dominated by ammoniated sulfate at most times with ranging from $0.1{\sim}32.6{\mu}g/m^3$ (6.5~76.1% of total mass of $PM_{2.5}$). The concentration of ammonium nitrate, a potential indicator of the presence of local source, ranged from below detection limits to $20{\mu}g/m^3$ and was observed to be highest during times of maximum local urban (Seoul) impact. The total mass of $PM_{2.5}$ in Bukhansan National Park was observed to be 10~23% lower than the total mass of $PM_{2.5}$ in urban area (Gireum-dong and Bulgwang-dong, Seoul). In general, ozone concentration in Bukhansan National Park was observed to be similar or higher than urban sites in Seoul, suggesting additional biogenic VOCs with $NO_x$ from vehicle emission were to be precursors for ozone formation in Bukhansan National Park.