• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.705-706
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• 2008

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.633-641
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• 2016

Two identical Particle Into Liquid Samplers-Total Organic Carbon (PILS-TOC) were operated to measure fine particle Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) for one week on Feb. in 2016. The dual instrument operations provided validated WSOC concentrations to have a continuous WSOC measurement during the sample analysis period. Both PILS-TOC instruments were operated downstream of an carbon denuder to remove positive adsorption artifacts associated with semi-volatile organic compounds. Comparison of WSOC showed good agreement each other. The linear regression had a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) of 0.92 and a regression slope of 1.01 for the first period. The lower collection efficiency due to lower steam temperature is discussed. In addition, the potential primary source related to WSOC based on the comparison of black carbon (BC) concentrations is explained. The results of good agreement between two PILS-TOC measurements can provide the validation of WSOC cooperations and knowledge regarding the origins of WSOC and their behaviors.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.461-476
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• 2014

Continuous Water-Soluble Organic Carbons (WSOC) by the Particle Into Liquid Sampler - Total Organic Carbon (PILS-TOC) analyzer were measured at the Seoul intensive monitoring site from June 17 through July 5 in 2014. In addition, the 24 hour integrated PM2.5 collected by Teflon and Quartz filters were analyzed for water soluble ions by Ion chromatography (IC), WSOC by TOC from water extracts, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) by carbon analyzer using the thermal optical transmittance (TOT) method, and mass fragment ions (m/z) related to alkanes and PAHs (Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons) by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer-Thermal Desorption (GC/MS-TD). Based on the statistical analysis, four different Carbonaceous Thermal Distributions (CTDs) from OCEC thermal-gram were identified. This study discusses the primary and secondary sources of WSOC based on the Classified CTD, organic mass fragments, and diurnal patterns of WSOC. The results provide knowledge regarding the origins of WSOC and their behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2006

In this paper, VDS(Vehicle Dynamics Simulator) and ACS(Attitude Control Simulator) are developed and are verified using PILS(Process In-the Loop Simulation) between VDS and ACS. VDS is including the AOCS(Attitude & Orbit Control Subsystem) hardware modeling of geosynchronous satellite and consists of modulation concept. ACS performs the attitude determination using sensor data and generates the attitude control commands. In order to transfer the data between VDS and PCDU(Power Control & Distribution Unit), data acquisition boards were mounted. VDS performance is verified using HILS(Hardware In-the Loop Simulation) between VDS and PCDU.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.24-33
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• 2004

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2016

Military Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is utilized to search a mine under the sea. This paper presents design and performance verification of real-time hybrid navigation system for AUV. The navigation system uses Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) integration method to correct INS error in underwater. When the AUV is floated on the water, the accumulated error of navigation algorithm is corrected using position/velocity of GPS. The navigation algorithm is verified using 6 Degree Of Freedom (DOF) simulation, Program In the Loop Simulation (PILS). Finally, the experiments are performed in real sea environment to prove the reliability of real-time hybrid navigation algorithm.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.433-438
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• 2012

In this paper, a operation network system equipped with onboard wireless communication systems and ground-based mission control systems is proposed for swarm flight of small UAVs. This operating system can be divided into two networks, UAV communication network and ground control system. The UAV communication network is intend to exchange the informations of navigation, mission and flight status with minimum time delay. The ground control system consisted of mission control systems and UDP network. Proposed operation network system can make a swarm flight of various UAVs, execute complex missions decentralizing mission to several UAVs and cooperte several missions. Finally, PILS environments are developed based on the total operating system.

• ICROS
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.57-64
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.542-547
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• 2012

Until recently, most of GCS(Ground Control Software) has been required to visualize attitude, position, status of vehicle and to transmit control and mission commands for a single UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). However, the GCS needs to expand its functions to handle more complex situations. Simultaneous operation of multiple UAVs is emerging as a new practice. Hence, we set up requirements for operation of multiple UAVs and suggest the architecture of GCS that satisfy the requirements. In this study, we analyze the upper requirements and define the total structure of GCS at first. Then we design the inner structure for requirements in detail. Finally, we verify the functions of GCS on PILS(Processor In the Loop Simulation) System.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.457-468
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• 2018

To improve understanding of the physico-chemical characteristics of aerosols in the national park and comparing the air pollution between national park and the urban area nearby national park, the aerosol characterization study was conducted in Bukhansan National Park, Seoul, from July through September 2017. Semi-continuous measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ using PILS (Particle Into Liquid System) coupled with IC (Ion Chromatography) and TOC (Total Organic Carbon) analyzer allowed quantification of concentrations of major ionic species($Cl^-$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $Na^+$, $NH_4{^+}$, $K^+$, $Mg{^{2+}}$ and $Ca{^{2+}}$) and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) with 30-minute time resolution. The total mass concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was measured by T640 (Teledyne) with 5-minute time resolution. The black carbon (BC) and ozone were measured with a minute time resolution. The timeline of aerosol chemical compositions reveals a strong influence from urban area (Seoul) at the site in Bukhansan National Park. Inorganic aerosol composition was observed to be dominated by ammoniated sulfate at most times with ranging from $0.1{\sim}32.6{\mu}g/m^3$ (6.5~76.1% of total mass of $PM_{2.5}$). The concentration of ammonium nitrate, a potential indicator of the presence of local source, ranged from below detection limits to $20{\mu}g/m^3$ and was observed to be highest during times of maximum local urban (Seoul) impact. The total mass of $PM_{2.5}$ in Bukhansan National Park was observed to be 10~23% lower than the total mass of $PM_{2.5}$ in urban area (Gireum-dong and Bulgwang-dong, Seoul). In general, ozone concentration in Bukhansan National Park was observed to be similar or higher than urban sites in Seoul, suggesting additional biogenic VOCs with $NO_x$ from vehicle emission were to be precursors for ozone formation in Bukhansan National Park.