• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.318-329
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• 1994

This paper deals with the finite wordlength effect on the performance of digital PID controllers. The finite wordlength, one of the major limitation factors in digital controllers, results on two kinds of quantization error : the signal quantization error and the coefficient quantization error. This paper derives the variance of the plant output due to the signal quantization error. Using stability margins as performance criterion, the statistical wordlength concept is adopted for coefficient wordlength selection. Finally, the experimental results exhibit satisfactory performance of the digital PID controller with statistical coefficient wordlength.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1991년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 22-24 Oct. 1991
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• pp.1671-1676
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• 1991

Direct digital design of computed torque controllers for a robot manipulator is discussed in this paper. A simple discrete-time model of the robot manipulator obtained by Euler's method is used for the design. Taking account of computation delay in the digital processor, we propose predictor-based designs of the PD and PID type controllers. The PID type controller is designed based on a modified version of the discrete-time integral controller proposed by Mita. For both controllers, the same formulas can be used to determine the feedback gains. A simulation example is presented to compare the robustness of the proposed controllers against physical parameter variations.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2001

본 논문은 PID제어기가 포함된 PLC로 실제의 제어 시스템을 구성하는 일련의 과정을 제안하였다. PID 모듈 FM455C가 포함된 SIMATIC S7-400 PLC시스템을 일반 PC와 온라인으로 연결하여 PC의 윈도우즈 환경에서 PLC의 프로그램을 작성하였다. PID 제어기의 설계를 위하여, PID 모듈의 하드웨어 구성방식, 관련 소프트웨어 구성, 프로그램 작성 환경, 특히 P, PD, PI, PID제어기의 설계과정을 제시하였고, 이를 토대로 실물 제어대상, 도립진자 시스템에 대하여 PID제어기를 설계하고 모의/실물 실험을 통하여 성능을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2007

A hybrid fuzzy PID controller for a pneumatic chamber is proposed in this paper. First, a mathematical model of a pneumatic pressure servocontrol system was developed where separate implementations of a PID controller and a fuzzy controller were made. The experimental results using a step input signal revealed that the PID controller accurately controlled the steady-state pressure but did not robustly handle parameter variations in the system while the fuzzy controller provided a fast rise time and low overshoot of the pressure in the system. In order to attain the advantages of both the fuzzy and PID controllers, a hybrid control scheme was developed. The experimental results show that the hybrid fuzzy PID controller proposed in this study does indeed possess the advantages of both PID and fuzzy controllers. Hence, it can be concluded that the hybrid fuzzy PID controller is suited for high-precision control of pressure in a pneumatic chamber.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 병렬 분산제어 방식을 이용한 곡면유리 자동성형 시스템을 개발한다. 설계된 시스템은 PC, 하나의 주제어기, 그리고 11개의 서보제어기로 구성된다. 각 요소들은 RS-232C와 8비트 데이터 버스로 연결된다. 안정성과 제어성능을 고려하여 정밀 PID 모션제어기 프로세서와 DC모터 제어에 사용되는 H-브리지를 사용한다. 설계된 시스템에서, PC는 주어진 곡률반경에 대한 각 구조물의 위치 값을 계산하고 이 값에 대응하는 모터 회전 데이터를 계산하며 작업자의 조작 입력을 위한 사용자 인터페이스를 제공한다. 주제어기는 PC로부터 동작 명령과 제어 파라미터를 받아 버스 통신방식을 이용하여 이를 각 서보제어기로 전달하며 서보제어기는 주제어기로부터 넘겨받은 동작명령과 제어 파라미터를 이용하여 각 모터에 대하여 PID제어를 수행한다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.775-781
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• 2006

An intelligent optimization method for designing Fractional Order PID(FOPID) controllers based on Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) is presented in this paper. Fractional calculus can provide novel and higher performance extension for FOPID controllers. However, the difficulties of designing FOPID controllers increase, because FOPID controllers append derivative order and integral order in comparison with traditional PID controllers. To design the parameters of FOPID controllers, the enhanced PSO algorithms is adopted, which guarantee the particle position inside the defined search spaces with momentum factor. The optimization performance target is the weighted combination of ITAE and control input. The numerical realization of FOPID controllers uses the methods of Tustin operator and continued fraction expansion. Experimental results show the proposed design method can design effectively the parameters of FOPID controllers.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.109-109
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• 2000

In process industries, more than 90% of the control loops have PID controller. Futhermore, the most control systems are using classical PID controllers for their process control. Various auto-tuning methods of PID gains using relay-feedback are presented recently. In order to get the desired control performance, the correct tuning of PID controller is very important. This paper suggests how to tune of digital PID gains using information for both the Nyquist critical point by conventional method and another point by the relay feedback and hidden time-delay term. Simulation results show that the proposed controller has better performance than the conventional method.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.1014-1021
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• 1999

PID controllers with constant gains have been widely used in various control systems. But it is difficult to have uniformly good control performance in all operating conditions. In this paper, we propose a variable PID controller for robot manipulators. We divide total workspace of manipulators into several subspaces. PID controllers in each subspace are optimized using evolution strategy which is a kind of global search algorithm. In real operation, the desired trajectories may cross several subspaces and we select the corresponding gains in each subspace. The gains may have large difference on the boundary of subspaces, which may cause oscillatory motion. So we use artificial neural network to have continuous smooth gain curves to reduce the oscillatory motion. From the experimental results, although the proposed variable PID controller for robots should pay for some computational burden, we have found that the controller is more superior to the conventional constant gain PID controller.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1577-1586
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• 2017

The Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is still the most widespread control strategy in the industry. PID controllers have gained popularity due to their simplicity, better control performance and excellent robustness to uncertainties. This paper presents the optimal tuning of a PID controller for domestic induction heating systems with a series resonant inverter for controlling the induction heating power. The objective is to design a stable and superior control system by tuning the PID controller with a derivative filter (PIDF) through Fuzzy logic. The paper also compares the performance of the Fuzzy PIDF controller with that of a Ziegler-Nichols PID controller and a fine-tuned PID controller with a derivative filter. The system modeling and controllers are simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results obtained show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed Fuzzy PID controller with a derivative filter.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.877-885
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• 2018

Various controllers such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers have been designed and optimized for load-following issues in nuclear reactors. To achieve high performance, gain tuning is of great importance in PID controllers. In this work, gains of a PID controller are optimized for power-level control of a typical pressurized water reactor using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The point kinetic is used as a reactor power model. In PSO, the objective (cost) function defined by decision variables including overshoot, settling time, and stabilization time (stability condition) must be minimized (optimized). Stability condition is guaranteed by Lyapunov synthesis. The simulation results demonstrated good stability and high performance of the closed-loop PSO-PID controller to response power demand.