• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1993

To evaluate the correlationship between sign/symptoms of craniomandibular disorder(CMD) and possible contributing occlusal factors, the author analyzed craniomandibular index(CMI), clinical dysfunction index(CDI) and occlusal index(Oi) obtained from 88 subjects (32 males, 56 females, mean age 28.7) consisted of 49 CMD patients(15 males, 34 females, mean age 28.7) and 39 non-CMD patients (17 males, 22 females, mean age 24.5). The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was very high significant correlation bebween CMI and CDI in total subjects (r=0.83, p<0.01) 2. There was very low correlation between working-side interference and TMJ noise which was observed as a statistically significant value(p<0.05). And also there ws very low correlation between nonworking side interference and muscle tenderness, CDI, dysfunction index(DI), palpation index(PI) which were observed as statistically significant value (p<0.01) 3. There was very low correlation between as ymmetry of tetruded contact position(RCP)-intercuspal position(ICP) slide and muscle tenderness, TMJ tenderness, TMJ noise, CMI, DI, PI which were observed as statistically significant values(p<0.05) 4. In general there was low correlation between Oi and muscle tenderness, CDI, CMI, DI, PI which were observed as statistically significant values (p,0.05). But Oi had a relatively higher correlation with muscle tenderness, PI than whith CDI, DI.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2006

Breast cancer may be the consequence of free radical damage, which is partially caused by the excessive intake of dietary fat and imbalances in antioxidant scavenger system;. In this experiment, we examined! the effects of dietary peroxidizability index (PI) values on hepatic thiobmbituric acid reaction substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[$\alpha$]anthracene (DMBA). Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and 7,12-DMBA (20 mg/kg body weight) was gastrically intubated at seven weeks of age in order to induce mammary tumors (MT). The levels of dietary PI were 36, 81, 126 and 217 (LPI, MLPI, MHPI and HPI), while dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio was maintained at the same level (1.0). Fat used in the experiment was mixed with soybean oil, com oil, palm oil, perilla oil, sesame oil, fish oil, and beef tallow. Experimental diets were given for the following 20 weeks. We measured tumor numbers and weights, and then assayed the hepatic TBARS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR). The incidence of Mr was the lowest in the MHPI group. The hepatic TBARS level was significantly raised with increasing dietary PI value. The hepatic SOD and GR activities were differed significantly by dietary PI value. The hepatic SOD activity was negatively correlated with dietary PI value and GR activity was the highest in the rats fed the MHPI diet. When the dietary P/S ratio is kept at 1.0, adequate dietary PI value (PI value of 126) may reduce the incidence and growth of Mr, but this benefit may be lost with higher dietary PI value. These results suggest that the awareness of dietary PI values may help to decrease breast cancer incidence and growth.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1986

plastochron index was used as a measure for the nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum and Glycine max. The material plants treated with $NO_3$-N had higher NRA than those treated with ${NH_4}^+$-N. High NRA were found in young tissues which have low PI or LPI in both A. retroflexus and C. album. These results indicated that this enzyme decreased with increasing plastochron index of the extracted tissues. High level of NRA was detected in Glycine max leaves at PI 4.0. On the other hand, there were no significant differences for PI among $NO_3$-treated, ${NH_4}^+$-treated and control in both stems and roots.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical research of Cold-Heat of pattern identification(PI) focused on quantitative indicators for general people in Korea, through the review of OASIS, KISS, DBpia, NDSL database. Ten clinical researches were analyzed in this study. These research gradually started from 2004 to 2009 but there was no research after 2010. Diagnosis of Cold-Heat PI all was done through a questionnaire, 7 or most researches had not used the intervention methods. Quantitative indicators related to the Cold-Heat PI mentioned in the selected 10 researches are seven, these indicators include heart rate variability(HRV), electroencephalogram, Yangdorak, respiratory index, electrogastrography, acoustic analysis index, western health test index. Related to the HRV were 3 researches, but correlation of significant indicators was a few levels(R=0.026-0.090). So far, studies regarding at the quantitative indicators of the prior the Cold-Heat PI were few, and the results of the study showed that low statistical precision, a lack of biological basis. Refer to the current state, in the future, we expect that research of quantitative indicators of scientific evidence-based through calculated and precise research concerning Cold-Heat PI be regarded as important in Korean Medicine.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

Leaf area is critical for crop light interception, and thereby has a substantial influence on crop yield. This experiment was conducted to characterize the development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaf area. Plastochron index and leaf relative growth rate of Jackson was contrasted with the PI416937, which also has demonstrated tolerance to drought. First, plastochron ratio (PR) and plastochron index (PI) were evaluated in greenhouse to compare the leaf growth rate between two genotypes under well-watered condition. There was reasonable constancy of PR between two genotypes. The PR means of Jackson and PI416937 were 0.41 and 0.44, respectively. A fairly smooth increase of PI during vegetative stage was observed. Second, the relative growth rates were graphed against leaf area, normalized with respect to final leaf area, under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Leaf growth was sustained longer in well-watered condition than water-deficit condition and there was a sizable proportion of leaves which was ceased earlier their growth in water-deficit condition compared to well-watered condition. The leaf relative growth rate of Jackson until leaves had completed at 45% of their growth during water deficit period was higher than that of PI416937.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the pattern identification (PI) and clinical index of Parkinson's disease (PD) for personalized diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This prospective observational multi-center study recruited 100 patients diagnosed with PD from two Korean medicine hospitals. To cluster new subtypes of PD, items on a PI questionnaire (heat and cold, deficiency and excess, visceral PI) were evaluated along with pulse and tongue analysis. Gait analysis was performed and blood and feces molecular signature changes were assessed to explore biomarkers for new subtypes. In addition, unified PD rating scale II and III scores and the European quality of life 5-dimension questionnaire were assessed. Results: The clinical index obtained in this study analyzed the frequency statistics and hierarchical clustering analysis to classify new subtypes based on PI. Moreover, the biomarkers and current status of herbal medicine treatment were analyzed using the new subtypes. The results provide comprehensive data to investigate new subtypes and subtype-based biomarkers for the personalized diagnosis and treatment of PD patients. Ethical approval was obtained from the medical ethics committees of the two Korean medicine hospitals. All amendments to the research protocol were submitted and approved. Conclusions: An objective and standardized diagnostic tool is needed for the personalized treatment of PD by traditional Korean medicine. Therefore, we developed a clinical index as the basis for the PI clinical evaluation of PD. Trial Registration: This trial is registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) (KCT0008677)

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2009

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate whether uterine blood flow on the day of embryo transfer can be a predictor of pregnancy outcome in human IVF. Methods: Fifty-one patients undergoing IVF program were included in this study. Serum estradiol levels were measured on the day of hCG administration and uterine pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) was examined for at embryo transfer of day 3. Results: Of 51 cycles, 22 cycles were clinically pregnant (43.1%) and the implantation rate was 14.7%. Uterine PI and RI had a significant inverse correlation with serum estradiol levels (p<0.05). These uterine blood flows were not significantly different between pregnant and nonpregnant groups. The pregnancy rate was slightly higher in patients with PI more than 3.0 compared to those with PI of 3.0 or less, but there was no significant difference. Conclusion: These results suggest that uterine PI and RI at the day of embryo transfer could not be a good predictor of pregnancy in IVF treatment. But they had an inverse correlation with serum estradiol levels on the day of hCG administration.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.119-130
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate hemodynamics of intracranial blood flow for obtain clinically useful reference values and assess cerebral hemodynamics change with aging. 81 normal Korean subjects(age, 14$\thicksim\∼\thicksim$70 years) examined who han no history of neurologic disease and the subjects divided into group A(age, 14$\∼$39 years), group B(age, 40$\∼$59 years) and group C(age, 60$\∼$70 years). Transcranial doppler was use for measured the maximum velocity(Vmax), mean velocity(Vmean), pulsatility index(PI), resistive index(RI), stenosis index(SI) and depth of sample volume. Vmax was 99.1 1cm/s, Vmean was 63.57cm/s, PI was 0.85, RI was 0.56, SI was 31.94 and depth of sample volume was 52.35 in middle cerebral artery. Vmax was 85.54cm/s, Vmean was 52.52cm/s, PI was 0.82, RI was 0.55, SI was 34.48 and depth of sample volume was 73.62 in anterior cerebral artery. Vmax was 75.45cm/s, Vmean was 45.60cm/s, PI was 0.82, RI was 0.58, SI was 36.14 and depth of sample volume was 62.35 in posterior cerebral artery. Vmax was 70.44cm/s, Vmean was 47.07cm/s, PI was 0.87, RI was 0.58, SI was 29.83 and depth of sample volume was 75.23 in basilar artery Vmax was 63.92, Vmean was 42.42, PI was 0.89, RI was 0.58, SI was 29.89 and depth of sample volume was 66.65 in vertebral artery. Vmax and Vmean was significantly decreased with increasing age in middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, basilar artery and vertebral artery And PI and RI was significantly increased with increasing age in basilar artery and vertebral artery. And I suggest that transcranial doppler sonography can be used as one of useful clinical tool for detection of cerebral hemodynamics.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1992

To evaluate Helhimo's Anamnestic Dysfunction Index(AI), Helkimo's Clinical Dysfunction Index(HDI), and Friction's Craniomandibular Index(CMI) in Korean Young population, clinical examinations were performed in 207 dental college students who were healthy and had no evidence of the craniomandibular disorders. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The mean values of the Helkimo's Anamnestic Index(AI), Clinical Dysfunction Index(HDI), Fricton's Palpation Index(PI), Dysfunction Index(DI), and Craniomandibular Index(CMI) were 0.35, 0.71, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.04 in male subjects. 2. The mean values of the Helkimo's Anamnestic Index(AI), Clinical Dysfunction Index(HDI), Fricton's Palpation Index(PT), Dysfunction Index(DI), and Fricton's Craniomandibular Index(CMI) were 0.42, 0.72, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.03 in female subjects. 3. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female subjects in each parameter. 4. The palpation index(PI) observed in Korean Young Population was lower than that in American population.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.252-261
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although previous experimental studies reported the health benefits of foods rich in phytochemicals, few epidemiologic studies have investigated the associations between phytochemicals and metabolic disorders. This study aimed to calculate a phytochemical index (PI) and examine its association with metabolic syndrome in the Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data of Korean adults aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the 2008-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed. The PI was calculated using 24-hour intake recall data regarding whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts and seeds, and soybeans and soy products. Demographic and lifestyle data were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components according to PI quintiles. RESULTS: Overall, 31,319 adults were evaluated. Compared with men, women had a higher median PI level (9.96 vs. 13.63) and significantly higher caloric intake levels from most PI components (P < 0.05), except for soy products. After adjusting for multiple confounding variables, participants in the highest PI quintile had significantly lower prevalences of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99), hyperglycemia (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74-0.94), high blood pressure (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73-0.93), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88). CONCLUSIONS: Higher intakes of phytochemical-rich foods are associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic dysregulation and consequently, cardiometabolic diseases.