• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.390-399
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• 2007

We analyzed the vegetation environment at the stream section of habitat in which Cottus koreanus lives. The plant communities were classified into Fraxinus rhynchophylla community, Acer ginnala-Salix koreensis community, Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla community, Salix gracilistyla community, Phragmites japonica community, Robinia pseudo-acacia community, and Oenanthe javanica-Persicaria thunbergii community. The frequency of Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla community was the most. And also the frequencies of Fraxinus rhynchophylla community and Salix gracilistyla community were high. In stream bank zone and terrace zone, the typically represented vegetation was the Fraxinus rhynchophylla community and Acer ginnala-Salix koreensis community and Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla community, respectively. The rNCD of the top-priority plants applied to restoration of the vegetation in stream bank zone came out by the order of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Salix koreensis, Acer ginnala, Salix gracilistyla, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The rNCD in terrace zone was arranged by the order of Salix gracilistyla, Phragmites japonica, and Artemisia princeps. The spatial distribution of vegetation was the most greatly influenced by cross-sectional position of the surveyed stream, and this aspect is believed to be due to the habitat's physical stability. Species diversity also obviously makes a great difference depending on their surrounding physical stability.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.234-241
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• 2007

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the riparian vegetation of the 6 river${\cdot}$stream of Korea Peninsula. As a result the vegetation was divided into nineteen communities. The vegetation units obtained in the present study were as follow: A: Salix koreensis community, B: Salix gracilistyla community, C: Robinia pseudo-acacia community, D: Amorpha fluticosa community, E: Brousonnetia papyrifera community, F: Phyllostachys bambusoides community, G: Rubus corchorifolius community, H: Phramities japonica community, I: Phramites communis community, J: Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, K: Miscanthus sinesis var. purpurascens community, L: Artemisia princeps var. orientalis community, M: Humulus japonicus community, N: Zoysia japonica community, O: Inperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, P: Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens community, Q: Juncos effusus var. decipiens community, R: Rumex crispus community, S: Persicaria hydropiper community. The vegetation characteristics of riversides was recovered in the surveyed results according to river${\cdot}$stream basin, in other words, 10 communities in the upper river${\cdot}$stream riparian, 15 communities in the middle river${\cdot}$stream riparian, 10 communities in the down river${\cdot}$stream riparian. The Phragmites japonica community in the upper and Phragmites communis community in the down was analyzed by common community of the 6 river${\cdot}$stream riparian, respectively, but none in the middle. The standing profile of vegetation across 6 river${\cdot}$stream was seen stepwise Phragmites japonica community, Salix gracilistyla community, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens community, shrub community by natural waterway in the upper, Salix gracilistyla community, Phragmites communis community, Rumex crispus community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Humulus japonicus community in the middle, Phragmites communis community in the down. The differences of distributional featurs of vegetation emerged from the riparian of the 6 river${\cdot}$stream, but don't from the 6 river${\cdot}$stream.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.67-80
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• 2005

Vegetation structure of the vascular plants was investigated from April 2003 to August 2003 in Hwangjeong wetland around Geumho River, Yeongcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Actual vegetation of Hwangjeong wetland largely can be classified by the floristic composition and the physiognomy into 12 communities; Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Humulus japonicus, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Phragmites japonica, Zizania latifolia-Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Zizania latifolia-Nymphoides peltata, Miscanthus sacchariflorus-Phragmites japonica, Phragmites communis-Phragmites japonica, Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla, Salix koreensis-Salix glandulosa, Salix nipponica-Salix koreensis, and Phragmites japonica-Zizania latifolia. Among them, the distribution area of the Phragmites japonica community was the largest as 49.46 ha(11.03%). The dominant vegetation type was Phragmites japonica community and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community based on the phytosociological method, and Phragmites japonica community was classified into two subcommunities; Nymphoides peltata subcommunity and Salix glandulosa subcommunity. Differential species of Phragmites japonica community were Phragmites japonica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Persicaria thunbergii, Oenanthe javanica, Leersia oryzoides var. japonica, and Rorippa indica; differential species of Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community were Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Setaria glauca, Commelina communis, Cyperus orthostachyus, Digitaria sanguinalis, Xanthium strumarium, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Kummerowia striata, Trifolium repens, and Medicago sativa; differential species of Nymphoides peltata subcommunity were Nymphoides peltata, Zizania latifolia, Scirpus tabernaemontani, and Eleocharis mamillata var. cyclocarpa; differential species of Salix glandulosa subcommunity were Salix glandulosa, Salix koreensis, and Salix gracilistyla. It was expected that Hwangjeong wetland is worthy of conservation contributed purifying water pollution, giving habitats of many lifes, and providing beautiful scenes of Geumho River.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.153-163
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• 2009

This study was carried out to offer ecological restoration plan of local streams by analyzing the vegetation and flora around four local streams (Pungchoncheon, Namchangcheon, Ganggicheon, Woncheoncheon) in Namwon. Flora and vegetation investigation was done at April 2007 to August 2007, and June 2009. The 194 of vascular plants were identified which contain 53 families, 143 genera, 194 species. The Family frequencies arranged by the order of Family Compositae (14.4%), Family Gramineae (13.4%) Family Leguminosae (6.7%) and Family Polygonaceae (5.2%). The naturalized plants were listed as 33 species, and their naturalization ratio and urban index were found to be 17.0%, and 12.2%, respectively. In this study a total of 21 relev$\acute{e}$s collected and analyzed. 6 plant communities are differentiated : Riverine softwood forests (Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla community), Perennial herb vegetations on lotic water zone (Phragmites japonica community, Phalaris arundinacea community), Perennial herb vegetations on lentic water zone (Persicaria thunbergii-Typha orientalis community, Phragmites communis community), Annual or biennial vegetations on waterside (Persicaria thunbergii community). Species showing the higer value in the plant communities were Persicaria thunbergii, Phragmites japonica, Artemisia princeps, Humulus scandens, Bidens frondosa, Oenanthe javanica, Agropyron tsukusinense var. transiens, Stellaria aquatica, and Lactuca indica var. laciniata.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.52-67
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• 2005

The flora of the studied basin in the upper Keum River was listed as 237taxa; 63families, 162genera, 212species, 22varieties and 3forms. Based on the list of the ecosystem disturbance plants by the Ministry of Environment, 4taxa were recorded in the studied basin : Paspalum distichum(Gramineae), Paspalum distichum var. indutum(Gramineae), Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior(Compositae), Ambrosia trifida(Compositae). Naturalized plants was listed as 54taxa; 16families, 41genera, 51species, 3varieties and naturalization index was 22.8percent of 1/4 the vascular plants. Upper Keum River was dominant floristic : indicator species were Salix gracilistyla community, Phragmites japonica community, native plants were Morus alba community, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora community, planting plants were Populus euramericana community, naturalized plants were Solidago serotina community, Helianthus tuberosus community.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.153-167
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• 2009

Riparian vegetation gives basic habitats for animal and other biological organisms. It is one of essential landscapes in river ecosystem. This floral study was conducted to give basic information for management of the Geum river ecosystem. We discovered total 69 plant communities out of 40 sites studied and mean 8 plant communities were analysed per study site. Salix koreensis and Salix subfragilis community were dominant of all communities at tree layer and Salix gracilistyla and Rubus parvifolius were dominant communities at shrub layer. Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites japonica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis appeared most as perennial grasses and Humulus japonicus, Persicaria thunbergii and Persicaria hydropiper appeared most as annual grasses. Robinia pseudoacacia, Amorpha fruticosa and Bidens frondosa were frequently present as exotic species. Grass communities were higher than tree communities because of human disturbance by artificial banks. The number of species was 182 appeared as 53 families 144 species, 34 varieties and 4 forma and mean species number was 25.5 per site. The most abundant site was Yanggang bridge site (14 vegetation association, 49 species) and the least abundant site was Namdaechon, Muju site (3 vegetation association, 12 species). We suggest that continuous riparian vegetation monitoring should be carried out to manage water environment ecologically.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.723-734
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze the change in vegetation for 10 years after the construction, targeting Suwoncheon, the first domestic ecological stream construction project. As for the section for the study, the section from Gyeonggi bridge to Youngyeon bridge, the first restoration project section, was targeted. The research districts consisted of 3 districts depending on topographical structure. Investigation check cosisted of cross-sectional topographical structure, vegetation status and the structure of herbaceous plant community. As for the cross-sectional topographical structure of the stream, the width of entire stream was 26.5~28.0m and water channel is 10~20m. The area for hydrophilic space was securing spacious riverside. Upper stream of reservoir beam was shallow and slow in reservoir area above weir. Lower stream of reservoir beam, the width of water channel was narrow and ripples were formed. Among species, 9 plants were planted and 6 species plants including Salix gracilistyla, Phragmites communis and Zoysia japonica were planted at the time of construction. In the water side, there were 2 species, such as Zoysia japonica and Trifolium repens, etc, still remained after seeding at the time of constrcution. The planted plants which were observed through this investigation, were 2 species such as Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata. Apart from the planted plants, arid climate herbaceous plant such as Setaria viridis and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis formed power and the naturalized species variously emerged in 15 species. For revetment, natural stone stacking method was condicted and Salix gracilistyla, Aceriphyllum rossii, etc were planted. But all the planted plants disappeared and now it was covered with Equisetum arvense and Humulus japonicus. It was because that the base for growth and development of the plants was not constructed at the time of restoration in a way of attaching natural stones onto the concrete base. In the water channel, various wetland species including Typha orientalis, Acorus calamus var. angustatus and Phragmites communis, etc, were planted but only Salix gracilistyla, Phragmites communis and Zizania latifolia remained. As for species of the autochthons, Persicaria thunbergii was dominant. In the lower stream of reservoir beam, Humulus japonicus formed forces. In the hydrophilic space, it was necessary to direct the landscape of in-stream vegetation in cosideration of users. For this, planting Miscanthus sacchariflorus in a community was proposed. In the upper stream of reservoir beam, suplementary screen seeding was necessary so that Zizania latifolia, Typha orientalis and Phragmites communis can fit the depth of water. In the Lower stream of reservoir beam, it was necessary to constantly manage Humulus japonicus so that the wetland autochthons species, such as Phragmites communis and Persicaria thunbergii can establish power more stably.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-68
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• 2000

This study was to estabilish the composition and vegetation of vascular plants on natural mashes in Wondae-ri(710m: $37^{\circ}$ 58' 30" N, $128^{\circ}$ 12' 15" E), This work was conducted from April to October, 1999. Vascular plants were composed of 71 families, 175 genera, 228 species, 1 subspecies, 33 varieties and 3 formae, totaling 265 taxa. Among the investigated vascular plants, 19 families, 24 genera, 31 species, 5 varieties, 1 formae, totaling 37 taxa (13.9%) were hydrophytes and hygrophytes. The forest vegetation was classified into 1 community and 2 subcommunities ; A. Phragmites japonica community A-1. Salix gracilistyla-Impatiens noli-tangere subcommunity A-2. Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora-Artemisia capillaris subcommunity.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

This study examined the status of the vegetation around Gangcheonsan provincial park located in Sunchang-gun in Jeollabuk-do and Damyang-gun in Jeollanam-do from June 4 to October 12, 2011. Gangcheonsan vegetation was arranged 9 plant communities in accordance with data of 28 releves. Major forest vegetation included Quercus variabilis communityand Quercus variabilis-Quercus serrata community, Pinus densiflora community, and Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis community (evergreen coniferous forest in all), and Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis community (plantation). Wetland vegetation included Salix gracilistyla community (riverbank forests), Phragmites japonica community, and Polygonia thunbergii community. Gangcheonsan Provincial Park has beautiful scenery that is in harmony with fantastically-shaped rocks, waterfalls, and valleys and conserves a specific plant community habitat distributed through the forest wetlands including its valleys. It is necessary to conduct long-term monitoring with its focus on Pinus densiflora community, Lycoris koreana community, and Lycoris squamigera community in the provincial park to grasp the characteristics of ecological inhabit changes in major communities and provide active methods for conservation, restoration, and publicity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.205-215
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• 2016

In order to improve water quality in the Paldang Lake, a riparian vegetation belt, treatment wetland, and artificial floating island were designed for introduction in the upland field, the estuary of tributaries, and the section of water facing mountainous land, respectively. We synthesized vegetation information collected from a reference river and found that herbaceous, shrubby, and tree vegetation zones tended to be dominated by Phragmites japonica, Phalaris arundinacea, etc.; Salix gracilistyla, S. integra, etc.; and S. koreensis, S. subfragilis, and Morus alba, respectively. In our plan, the herbaceous vegetation zone, which is established on floodplains with a high frequency of disturbance, will be left in its natural state. A shrubby vegetation zone will be created by imitating the species composition of the reference river in the ecotone between floodplain and embankment. A tree vegetation zone will be created by imitating species composition on the embankment slope. In the treatment wetland, we plan to create emerged and softwood plant zones by imitating the species composition of the Zizania latifolia community, the Typha orientalis community, the P. communis community, the S. integra community, and the S. koreensis community. The floating island will be created by restoring Z. latifolia and T. orientalis for water purification purposes.