• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

In offshore installations, fires cause the structure to lose its rigidity and it leads to structural integrity and stability problems. The Passive Fire Protection (PFP) system slows the transfer rate of fire heat and helps prevent the collapse of structures and fatality. Especially, intumescent epoxy coating is widely used in the offshore industry, and not only is the material cost expensive, but it also takes a lot of time and cost for construction. Several studies have been conducted on the efficient application and optimal design of the PFP system. However, the mechanical properties and the strength of the PFP material have not been considered. In addition, researches on the correlation between the thickness of PFP and the structural behavior were insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the thermal and mechanical effects of the PFP on the structure when it is applied to the structural member. In particular, it is intended to resolve the change in strength characteristics of the structural members as the thickness of the PFP increases.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.493-510
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• 2021

Mineral wool is an insulation material commonly used in passive fire protection (PFP) systems on offshore installations. Insulation materials have only been considered functional materials for thermal analysis in the conventional offshore PFP system design method. Hence, the structural performance of insulation has yet to be considered in the design of PFP systems. However, the structural elements of offshore PFP systems are often designed with excessive dimensions to satisfy structural requirements under external loads such as wind, fire and explosive pressure. To verify the structural contribution of insulation material, it was considered a structural material in this study. A series of material tensile tests was undertaken with two types of mineral wool at room temperature and at elevated temperatures for fire conditions. The mechanical properties were then verified with modified methods, and a database was constructed for application in a series of nonlinear structural and thermal finite-element analyses of an offshore bulkhead-type PFP system. Numerical analyses were performed with a conventional model without insulation and with a new suggested model with insulation. These analyses showed the structural contribution of the insulation in the structural behaviour of the PFP panel. The results suggest the need to consider the structural strength of the insulation material in PFP systems during the structural design step for offshore installations.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate proper sampling duration while executing quiet stance of feet together position and a preferred foot position with eyes open using COP variables through GRF system. The subjects participated in this study were twenty healthy elderly women individuals($68.9{\pm}6.8$ years). It represented that the sampling duration needed over 20 s in the FTP and over 60 s in the PFP during assessment of quiet stance. The sampling duration shorter than 20 s in the FTP and 60 s in the PFP may not provide the sample showing stability. Inversely if the sampling duration becomes longer, it can distort the sample showing stability. In the future, I expect more studies of the proper sampling duration through various groups and the study of characteristics of participants caused by more sampling duration.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2023

This study aimed to report the effect of moving cupping therapy (MCT) on peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Four patients with PFP treated with MCT combined with integrative Korean medicine treatment (KMT). Patients were hospitalized for < 17 days. House-Brackmann Grading System (HBGS), Yanagihara grading score (Y-score), and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SBGS) were used to assess the changes during treatment periods, and facial photos were taken at admission, interim, and discharge. Facial paralysis symptoms and HBGS grades improved in all patients (Patient 1: HBGS of IV to II; Patient 2: HBGS of V to III; Patient 3: HBGS of IV to II; Patient 4: HBGS of IV to II) following an average of 14.5 days of treatment. The mean (± standard deviation) Y-scores and SBGS scores also increased (Δ[Y-score]: 13.75 ± 3.50 and Δ[SBGS]: 40.00 ± 13.11) from baseline to end of treatment. These findings suggest the clinical effectiveness of MCT combined with integrative KMT in treating patients with PFP.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.349-352
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• 2004

성공적인 소프트웨어 프로젝트를 목표로 합리적인 계획을 수립하기 위하여 프로젝트의 전체 규모에 대한 신속하고 정확한 견적이 중요해지고 있다. IFPUG의 FPA 견적방식은 이미 검증되어 널리 사용되고 있으나, 복잡성과 모호성으로 인하여 실제 SI 업체의 견적 수행에는 어려움이 있으며 견적작업의 고비용을 초래하고 있다. 본 논문은 기존 FPA 방식의 문제점을 지적하고 이를 개선한 PFP 모델을 제시함으로써 기존보다 쉽고 효과적이며 효율적인 기능점수 견적을 가능하게 하였다.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

This paper is intended to suggest some reference materials for future elderly housing design, especially smart home, in Korea, by reviewing the elements and applications of smart home concept for older adults in USA. Research method includes collecting materials by attending the regular SmartHome$^{(R)}$ part meeting, the navigation of related homepages, and the analysis of collected materials. Current researches in Korea look initial stage and show some general principles without practical concept & technologies of elderly facilities. SeniorSmart$^{(R)}$ Center in USA started on August 2007 with the 3 parts of SmartHOME$^{(R)}$, SmartWHEELS$^{(R)}$ and SmartBRAIN$^{(R)}$. The Center has been doing various multidisciplinary research projects but slowing down the planned processes due to national economic recession. The major researches of SmartHome$^{(R)}$ part can be summarized as follows; CS-PFP( Continuous Scale Physical Function Performance) laboratory is being in operation to help older adults and families make the difficult decision regarding the ability and safety to live independently. Three levels of necessary laboratories from uninhabited space to senior living environment were accommodated for field research. As core technologies of SmartHome$^{(R)}$, predicting & warning system of fall risk on recognizing gait signature patterns to identify any deviation from the normal patterns of the older adults, home monitoring system which will send alerts to a specified relative and/or health care professional when vital signs of the older adults will not be within normal parameters, and Mobility & Research Clinic for evaluating, treating the older adults & multidisciplinary research are under development. SmartHome$^{(R)}$ has made collaborative research agreements for field laboratory with various retirement communities and also is continuing to work for experimental software engineering with the Fraunhofer Institute, Germany.

• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.130-139
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• 2018

This study aimed to analyze a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation using a pentafluorophenyl column of parent drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its active metabolite, desethylhydroxchloroquine (DHCQ) applying to determine bioequivalence of two different formulations administered to patients. A rapid, simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for bioanalysis of HCQ and its metabolite DHCQ in human whole blood using deuterium derivative $hydroxychloroquine-D_4$ as an internal standard (IS). A triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated using electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Sample preparation involves a two-step precipitation of protein techniques. The removed protein blood samples were chromatographed on a pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column ($50mm{\times}4.6mm$, $2.6{\mu}m$) with a mobile phase (ammonium formate solution containing dilute formic acid) in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 0.45 mL/min. The standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 2 - 500 ng/mL for HCQ; 2 - 2,000 ng/mL for DHCQ in spite of lacking a highly sensitive MS spectrometry system. Results of intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within acceptable limits. A run time of 2.2 min for HCQ and 2.03 min for DHCQ in blood sample facilitated the analysis of more than 300 human whole blood samples per day. Taken together, we concluded that the assay developed herein represents a highly qualified technology for the quantification of HCQ in human whole blood for a parallel design bioequivalence study in a healthy male.