• 약학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.366-377
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• 2001

Persistent organochlorine pesticides has been used intensively in agriculture for a long time. The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environment and subsequently in parts of the food chains, results in the intake of these compounds by human and animal. The measurement of the levels of organochlorine pesticides in tissues or blood of human populations is a good marker in evaluating the extent of exposure and hazards. So, most countries have conducted initial monitoring programs to determine organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human tissues. But, in Korea, a few research has been reported. In this study, the legally prohibited organochlorines, such as, $\alpha$-BHC, $\beta$-BHC, ${\gamma}$-BHC, $\delta$-BHC, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, endrin, dieldrin and aldrin were determined in human blood, brain, adipose tissue, kidney cortex and liver tissues collected at autopsy of 10 men and 10 women, 16~65 years of age. Almost all the organochlorine pesticides mentioned previously were determined in human tissue samples indicated that they have been widely distributed in Korean human body. No significant difference was found in the levels of organochlorine pesticides between sexes, districts and ages.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2008

Pesticides are extensively used for the control of crop pests in agriculture and forestry. Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides are especially effective for the control of a variety of harmful insects. However, these cholinesterase inhibitors are also dangerous to non-target organisms (wildlife and other animals) because of their high acute toxicity. Most poisonings by pesticides occur as a result of misuse or accidental exposure, but intentional killing of unwanted animals also occurs. At the request of a local autonomous entity, we investigated wild bird poisonings by pesticides from 2003 to 2007. The 207 suspicious samples of pesticide poisoning based on the necropsy were analyzed by GC/NPD, GC/FPD, or GC/MSD. We looked for trends in the identification of pesticides in wild birds thought to have died from poisoning. Pesticides were determined in 59% of the total samples analyzed. Phosphamidon and monochrotophos were the most common pesticides identified, which amounted to 77% of the subtotal. Other OP and carbamate pesticides were also found in various concentrations from dead wild birds. The determined rates of pesticides were as high as 86% and 76% in 2003 and 2006, respectively, during an outbreak of avian influenza in Korea.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2010

Pesticides are useful to eliminate harmful insects and grow crops however, misuse and abuse of pesticides may cause a death of wild birds, livestock, and companion animals. We analyzed residual pesticides in the ingesta and tissues from the dead wild birds, livestock, and companion animals which were suspected pesticide poisoning based on the diagnosis of the Animal Disease Diagnostic Center of National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS). The samples were primarily brought to NVRQS from local communities and veterinary diagnostic laboratories. The 231 suspicious samples of pesticide poisoning based on the necropsy were analyzed by GC/NPD, GC/FPD, GC/ECD, or GC/MSD in 2008 and 2009. Pesticides were identified from the 55 samples of total 143 samples analyzed in 2008 and from the 34 samples of total 88 samples analyzed in 2009. The pesticide identification rates in 2008 were higher than the rates in 2009. It may have relevance to the increased samples with the outbreak of avian influenza in 2008 in Korea. The concentrations of pesticides found in the dead animals varied and exceeded the respective $LD_{50}$ of pesticides in many cases. Monochrotophos, phosphamidon, and methomyl were the most common pesticides found and those pesticides are high rank sales in Korea. The cause of pesticide poisoning in animal is assuming a misuse and an abuse of commonly used pesticides in Korea.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.410-415
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• 2000

본 실험의 목적은 우리나라 상용식품인 쌀과 배추의 세척과 가열에 의한 유기인계 농약의 제거효과를 보기 위한 것으로 유기인계 농약 중 diazinon, fenithrithion, phenthoate, EPN 인위적으로 부착하여 세척과 가열과정의 변화에 의한 저감 효과를 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 쌀의 세척에 의한 농약의 제거율은 15.5∼35.4%이었으며, 제거효과는 세척회수보다 물의 양의 영향력이 더 높았다. 2. 쌀을 세척한 후 취반과정을 거치면 농약의 제거율은 72.1∼77.8%이었다. 3. 배추의 세척, 가열과정에 의한 농약의 제거율은 각각 18.4∼41.0%, 22.8∼82.7%이었다. 4. 배추는 쌀과 같이 세척과 가열시 물의 양이 많을수록 제거효과가 높았다. 5. 우리나라의 요리 방법인 나물 무침시 배추를 삶아서 꼭 짜서 수분이 제거되면 농약의 잔존량은 더욱 낮아진다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.104-127
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• 2016

본 연구는 사과와 쌀에서 320성분 농약에 대한 다성분 동시분석법을 확립하고자 수행되었다. 시료의 추출은 QuEChERS법을 사용하였고, 추출 후 잔류물은 LC-MS/MS와 GC-MS/MS로 기기분석 하였다. 시험 농약은 LC-MS/MS 251성분, GC-MS/MS 110성분을 선발하였으며, 41성분은 공통적으로 적용되었다. 분석법의 정량한계는 LC-MS/MS에서 $0.01{\sim}20{\mu}g/kg$, GC-MS/MS에서 $0.1{\sim}100{\mu}g/kg$으로 산출되었다. 사과와 쌀에서 회수율 70~120%, 상대표준편차 20% 이내의 조건을 충족한 성분은 LC-MS/MS로 분석한 농약 중 각각 242성분(96%)과 237성분(94%)로 나타났으며, GC-MS/MS로 분석한 농약 중에는 각각 103성분(94%)과 83성분(76%)로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 QuEChERS 전처리와 LC-MS/MS 및 GC-MS/MS를 이용한 분석법은 농산물(사과 및 쌀) 중 잔류농약 다성분 동시 분석에 효과적으로 적용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2006

다성분 동시분석방법의 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 골프장 농약잔류량검사 대상항목 30종 중 다성분 동시분석이 가능할 것으로 판단되는 24종(유기인계 농약 11종, 유기염소계 농약 5종, 합성피레스로이드계 농약 4종 및 기타 농약 4종 및 농약성분에 대한 토양 잔디 물 등 매체별 회수율 실험 결과, 다성분 동시분석방법의 적용이 가능한 농약은 16종이었으며, 모든 매체에서 70% 이상의 회수율을 보였다. 이들 농약을 계통별로 분류하면, 유기인계 농약 8종(chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, EPN, fenitrothion, phenthoate, phosalone, and toclofos-methyl), 유기염소계 농약 4종(daconil, captan, endosulfan, and tetradifon), 합성피레스로이드계 농약 2종(fepropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin), 기타 농약 2종(bromopropylate, pendimethalin)이었다. 다성분 동시분석방법의 적용 할 수 없는 8종의 농약 중 dicofol의 경우는, 물과 잔디에서는 회수율이 70%를 상회하였으나, 토양에서는 53%로 나타나 토양의 경우 다성분 동시분석방법의 적용은 어려운 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 amitraz는 매체별 회수율이 70% 이하였고, pyraclofos는 매체별 평균 회수율이 다성분 동시분석방법 적용기준($70{\sim}130%$)에 벗어났으며, bensulide, deltamethrin, iprodione, phosphamidon, tralomethlin의 농약은 전혀 검출되지 않아 본 연구에서 사용한 다성분 동시분석방법을 적용할 수 없었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2006

국내 등록농약 중 용탈 가능성이 있는 농약을 발굴할 목적으로 토양잔류반감기를 체계적으로 정리하고 이동성을 결정하는 결정적인 변수인 흡착성적을 수집하여, 용탈 가능성 평가수단인 groundwater ubiquity score(GUS)값을 산출하여 국내 등록농약의 용탈 가능성 순위를 결정하였다. 용탈성 평가 대상 농약 성분 382성분 중 297성분의 국내 토양잔류성적을 정리 평가하였다. 논토양과 밭토양 각각 107성분 및 244성분에 대한 국내잔류성적을 보유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 외국의 농약 DB자료 등에서 조사한 농약성분별 유기탄소기준흡착계수(Koc) 성적은 미국 오레곤 주립대학 DB에서 148성분이었고, PSD 및 Pesticide Manual을 포함하는 영국/스웨덴 DB자료에서 276성분으로 공통성분을 제하면 317성분에 해당하였다. 국내외 토양잔류 반감기와 외국 DB자료의 Koc값을 이용하여 산출한 GUS에 의하여 313 국내등록 농약성분의 용탈성 구분이 가능하였으며, 용탈 가능성이 매우 높은 농약성분이 18종, 그 다음으로 용탈 가능성이 높은 농약성분이 44종이었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1996

GC/MS analysis of 27 controlled pesticides in herbal drugs was studied. Selected ion monitoring(sim) technique was applied to increase the GC/MS sensitivity. Typical peaks in th e mass spectrum of each pesticides were selected as quantitation, comfirmation or alternate ion. Twenty seven pesticides were divided into five groups according to their retention time and the peaks for SIM were programmed accordingly. The combination of two ionization methods, electron impact(EI)-SIM-MS and negative ion chemical ionization(NCI)-SIM-MS, were well-fitted for the detection, confirmation and quantitation of multiclass residual pesticides in herbal drugs.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 1997

This procedure describes the method for gas chromatographic determination of 31 organophosphorus and 28 organochlorine pesticides in 10g of spinach, tomato and onion. After the pesticides were extracted with several solvents, the amount of coextractives and recovery rates of acephate and methamidophos were calculated. Samples for organochlorine pesticides were cleaned up with florisil solid phase extraction columns. NaBH$_4$ was added to onion extracts, which contained sulfur compound. All the concentrated extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with ECD and NPD. The smallest amount of coextractives resulted from the spinach samples extracted with 5% MeOH in ethyl acetate. 5% EOH in ethyl acetate had the highest extractability for acephate and methamidophos and gave the best overall performance as an extraction solvent. The ability of 5% EOH in ethyl acetate to extract various organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides from spinach, tomato and onion was examined. Recovery of 59 insecticides ranged from 58.0% to 110.5%. The average recoveries of fortified spinach, tomato and onion were 90.08%, 94.54% and 84.90%, respectively.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2000

The hydrolysis of pesticides by ozone was studied using the ozone generator manufactured for home appliance. Ozone was treated to remove the residual pesticides in the vegetables such as lettuce, cabbage, spinach and Japanses parsely. The experimental results were optimistic with removal efficiency of more than 50%, but its achievement depends on the operational hours of zone generator and chemical structures of pesticides. This report was determined as an optimal conditions for the removal rate of pesticides as follows: ozone input concentration in the contactor was $2mg/{\ell}$, ozone contact time was at least 30 min without washing vegetables, but it was OK at 10 min in case that number of washing increases.