• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2011

The overexpression of Phosphoprotein Enriched in Astrocytes (PEA15) gene is commonly found in human diabetic patients. The overexpression of this gene in skeletal muscle and fat tissues have been reported to cause insulin resistance, thereby impairing insulin stimulated glucose uptake. We introduced a gene of mouse PEA15 (mPEA15) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) into fertilized one cell pig zygotes using microinjection, and produced a piglet that showed overexpression of mPEA15 in the muscle tissues and expression of EGFP in the ear tissues and hooves. RT-PCR RFLP, southern blot and FISH analysis showed that the tissues carried the transgene. Real-time RT-PCR and western blots demonstrated that PEA15 gene was overexpressed in the various tissues and muscle tissues, respectively. These fads suggest that expression vector system is normally expressed in the transgenic (TG) pigs. To use as animal diseases model for type 2 diabetes, further study is necessary to confirm whether diabetes occur in these TG pigs, especially insulin resistance.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2007

2001부터 2003년까지 영남지방에서 완두콩바구미는 완두의 꽃과 협에서 쉽게 관찰되었으나, 콩에서 관찰되지 않았다. 지역별 완두꽃에서 완두콩바구미의 발생수는 밀양에서 약 20마리로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 양산(15마리), 사천(14마리) 및 창녕(13마리) 순서였으며, 포항에서 3마리로 가장 적었다. 한편, 완두 협에서 완두콩바구미의 발생수는 통영에서 192마리로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 창녕(171마리), 사천(157마리) 및 창원(138마리)의 순서였으며, 포항에서 12마리로 가장 낮아 완두꽃에서의 결과와 같은 경향이었다. 약종별 1회 및 2회 약제살포 후 완두 협의 수확시기에 따른 완두콩바구미의 발생수는 5월 30일 수확구에서 차이가 있었으나, 6월 5일 수확구에서 차이가 없었다. 또한 약종별 1회 및 2회 약제살포 후 완두 립의 피해수는 5월 30일 수확구에서 차이가 있었으나, 6월 5일 수확구에서 차이가 없었다. 따라서 약종별 살포횟수에 따른 방제효과는 5월 30일 수확구에서 차이가 있었으나, 6월 5일 수확구에서 유의한 차이 없이 약 96% 이상의 방제가를 나타내었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

본 시험은 우리나라 논에서 적응성이 우수한 forage pea 품종을 선발코자 2004년부터 2006까지 전라남도농업기술원 답리작 포장에서 공시 초종은 자운영 1품종(중국 자생품종)과 forage pea 2품종(cv, 'Austrian Pea', 'Livioletta')이었고 파종량은 120kg/ha으로 수행하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 개화기는 Livioletta 품종이 5월 16일로 빠르고 Austrian Pea품종이 5월 18일로 2일정도 늦었고 월동율은 Austrian Pea 품종이 Livioletta 품종보다 떨어졌다. Austrian pea 품종의 건물률은 20.9% 보다 높았고 ha당 생초수장은 Austrian Pea 품종이 26,870kg으로 많았고 Livioletta 품종이 약 16,235kg/ha로 적었다. 그리고 건물수량에 있어서는 Austrian Pea 품종이 5,986kg/ha으로 Livioletta 품종의 3,652kg/ha보다 훨씬 많은 수량을 얻었고 조단백질 수량에 있어서도 Austrian Pea 품종이 861 kg/ha로 많이 생산되었다. Austrian Pea 품종의 조단백질 함량은 14.4%으로 Livioletta 품종의 15.5%보다 약간 낮았고 건물소화율은 Austrian Pea 품종의 74.3%이 Livioletta 품종의 61.3% 보다 높았다. 그리고 TDN 함량도 Austrian pea 품종의 70.4%이 Livioletta 품종의 62.6% 보다 높은 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라 논에서 적응성, 조단백질 함량과 건물 생산성 등을 고려한 결과 forage pea 초종이 조사료공급원 작물로 전망이 있고 품종도 Austrian Pea 품종이 우리나라 논에서 적응성이 우수한 품종으로 사료된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.161-164
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• 2011

Nitrogen fixation by legumes can be valuable sources for organic farming. This study was to investigate the effect of different legume mixtures on nitrogen fixation and transfer to grasses on spring paddy field. Three different mixtures were used (rye+hairy vetch, Italian ryegrass+crimson clover, oat+pea) in a randomized complete block design with three replications and sowed in pots with different sowing rate (5:5 rye:hairy vetch,7:3=Italian:crimson, 6:4=oat:pea) on early March. $(^{15}NH_4)SO_4$ solution at. 99.8 atom%$^{15}N$ was applied to the each pot at the rate of 2kg N $ha^{-1}$ on $16^{th}$ April. Forage were harvested at ground level in heading stage and separated into legume and grass. Total N content and $^{15}N$ value were determined using a continuous flow stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry. DM yield of rye+vetch, Italian+crimson and oat+pea were 6,607, 3,213 and 4,312kg/ha, respectively. Proportion of N from fixation was 0.73(rye+vetch), 0.42(Italian+crimson) and 0.93(oat+pea). The percentages of N transfer from legume to grass were from 61% to 24% in different method by treatments and -35% to 21% in isotope dilution method.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2013

본 연구는 보리와 완두 혼파 포장에서 유기질소질 비료의 시용 수준이 건물생산성, 질소 고정 그리고 이동율 및 이동량을 측정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 처리는 유기질소 40kg, 80kg, 그리고 120kg/ha의 3처리와 질소고정 측정을 위해 대조구로 보리단파구를 각 처리마다 배치하였다. 난괴법 3처리 3반복으로 처리하여 3월부터 6월까지 재배하였다. 보리는 40kg/ha와 완두 80kg/ha를 파종 후 발아를 촉진하기 위하여 흑색 비닐을 멀칭하였다. 질소 고정을 측정하기 위하여 99.8원자% $15N(NH_4)_2SO_4$를 4월 15일 ha당 1kg 수준으로 증류수에 혼합하여 $30{\times}20cm$ 쿼드랏에 시용 하였다. 공중질소 고정율은 32.4%에서 0% 사이였다. 보리에서 완두에로의 질소 이동률은 차이법에서 47.6%에서 21.8% 사이 그리고 동위원소 희석액 처리법에서 24.6%와 21.4%를 나타냈다. 이동량은 차이법에서 92.8kg/ha에서 41.9kg/ha 및 49.7kg 반면 120kg N 유기질 시용구는 동위원소희석법에서는 질소이동이 일어나지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 유기질 비료의 증가에 따른 두과작물의 공중질소고정 향상, 화본과 작물로의 질소이동효과가 분명하지 않았다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1996

To investigate the chilling sensitivity related injuries in the photosynthetic apparatus of cucumber leaves, the light-chilling induced alterations of chlorophyll fluorescence transients in cucumber leaves were compared with those in pea leaves. As an early effect of light-chilling, an increase in Fp/Fm$^*$ was observed in both pea and cucumber leaves, which was saturated by about 6 h chilling. However, the saturated value of Fp/Fm was almost 1.0 in cucumber, in contrast to about 0.8 in pea. During the recovery period after 24 h chilling, the light-chilling induced changes in pea seemed to be reversed, but those in cucumber leaves were thought to be irreversible, because Fo was increased significantly. Light-chilling caused significant decreases in qQ and qE in cucumber leaves, but qR was increased until 6 h, and decreased thereafter. In both pea and cucumber leaves, Fm was increased by 2 h dark treatment. The Fm from the predarkened pea leaf discs was higher than the value from the preilluminated ones during the whole period of light-chilling (500 $\mu$mol m$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ PAR). However, the predarkened cucumber leaf discs showed a reduction in Fm and an increase in Fo during the 2 h chilling in the light. These results indicate that the causes of chilling sensitivities in photosynthetic apparatus of cucumber leaves are possibly related with the damage in PSI reaction center and the ability of acidification of lumen by PSII.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2007

The majority of soil microorganisms can derive ethylene from L-methionine (L-MET), while some rhizobacteria can hydrolyze 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) due to their ACC-deaminase activity. In this study, three strains having either ACC-deaminase activity (Pseudomonas putida biotype A, $A_7$), or the ability to produce ethylene from L-MET (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, $M_9$) or both (Pseudomonas fluorescens, $AM_3$) were used for inoculation. The highly ethylene specific bioassay of a classical 'triple' response in pea seedlings was used to investigate the effect of the inoculation with the rhizobacteria in the presence of 10 mM ACC or L-MET. The exogenous application of ACC had a concentration-dependent effect on the etiolated pea seedlings in creating the classical 'triple' response. The inoculation with P. putida diluted the effect of ACC, which was most likely due to its ACC-deaminase activity. Similarly, the application of $Co^{2+}$ reduced the ACC-imposed effect on etiolated pea seedlings. In contrast, the inoculation of A. calcoaceticus or P. fluorescens in the presence of L-MET caused a stronger classical 'triple' response in etiolated pea seedlings; most likely by producing ethylene from L-MET. This is the first study, to our knowledge, reporting on the comparative effect of rhizobacteria capable of utilizing ACC vs L-MET on etiolated pea seedlings.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.601-608
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to examine the apoptotic effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A(PEA) in squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) 25 cells. Methods : Cell growth reduction and apoptosis induced by PEA were confirmed by WST-1 assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry analysis, and Western blot assay. Results : The PEA treatment decreased the cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner: control; $100{\pm}0^e$(p<0.01), 0.1875 nM; $87{\pm}4.36^d$(p<0.01), 0.375 nM; $82{\pm}0.58^d$(p<0.01), 0.75 nM; $72{\pm}1.67^c$(p<0.01), 1.5 nM; $51{\pm}1.53^{bc}$(p<0.01), 7.5 nM; $31{\pm}1.20^{ab}$(p<0.01), 15 nM; $26{\pm}0.67^a$(p<0.01), control; $100{\pm}0^a$(p<0.05), 24 h; $51{\pm}1.53^b$(p<0.05), 48 h; $16{\pm}0.5^c$(p<0.05), 72 h; $12{\pm}1.67^d$%(p<0.05). The PEA was observed on SCC 25 cells with the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) value of 1.5 nM at 24 hours. The PEA treated SCC 25 cells demonstrated several types of apoptotic indications, such as nuclear condensation, the increase of sub G1, and the cleavage of PARP-1 and DFF 45. Conclusions : PEA showed anti-cancer activity against SCC 25 cells via apoptosis. PEA may potentially contribute to human oral cancer treatment.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2002

Space charge distributions and behaviors in silane crosslinked polyethylene(SXLPE)/ crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE) laminates were investigated using a pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method. In case of monolayer, XLPE shows heterocharge while SXLPE shows homocharge. It was observed that charges were accumulated at the interface of SXLPE/XLPE laminate when applied electric field was more than 20kV/mm. The charge profile at various temperatures was also acquired using temperature-controllable PEA system. Although applied electric field is only 8.6 kV.mm, positive interfacial charge starts to appear near 50$^{\circ}C$. It was found that the interfacial charge behavior of SXLPE/XLPE laminate under low voltage at high temperature is corresponding to that under high voltage at room temperature.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 1999

Fungal isolates belong to Fusarium solani (perfect stage : Nectria haematococca) were isolated form pea, ginseng roots and soybean during 1995 and 1996 in Korea. Thirty-five isolates were identified as F. solani f. sp. pisi based on the morphological characteristics and their pathogenicity. Microconidia formed on the long conidiophore were ovoid or oblong sizing 5~14 x 2.5~5.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$. Macroconidia were formed on carnation leaf agar media with 4.8~5.3 x 32.0~40.7 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in size. They belonged to $\beta$-type since their 3-septate macroconidia were smaller than $5\mu\textrm{m}$ in width. Chlamydospores were smooth- or rough- walled and formed in terminal or lateral branches of hyphae, intercalary, or in chains. Most isolates were highly virulent to pea seedlings, producing dark brown or rot lesions. This is the first report of f. solani f. sp. pisi being pathogenic to pea in Korea.