• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.49.2-49.2
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• 2009

최근, 플루이딕스칩 제작에 있어서 가격이 저렴하며 구조물 형성이 쉽다는 장점으로 인하여 유리 기판을 플라스틱 기판으로 대체하려는 연구가 많이 진행하고 있다. 하지만 플라스틱 기판은 유리 기판에 비하여 많은 장점을 갖고 있음에도 불구하고, 기판 표면이 소수성이기 때문에 유체의 흐름을 저하시키는 문제점이 있다. 기존의 플라스틱 기판을 친수성으로 개질하는 방법으로는 화학적처리, 자외선 조사, 산소플라즈마 처리 등의 방법이 있었으나, 화학적처리 방법은 공정의 민감성과 폐기물로 인한 양산적용의 한계가 있고, 자외선 조사법 및 산소 플라즈마 처리는 친수성이 영구적이지 않다는 결정적인 문제점이 있다. 이는 플라스틱 플루이딕스칩의 신뢰도를 크게 저해하여 상용화에 큰 문제점으로 작용한다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위한 새로운 방법의 친수성 표면처리가 요구되어 지고 있다. 본 연구에서는, 기존 플라스틱 기판의 친수성 표면처리 방법들의 문제점들을 개선하고자 플라스틱 기판의 변형을 야기하지 않는 저온 PE-CVD 방식을 이용하여 균질한 두께의 $SiO_2$박막을 형성 하였으며, 형성된 박막을 liquid self-assembled monolayer(L-SAM)방식을 이용하여 아민 표면으로 개질하였다. 이를 통해, 플라스틱 채널 상에서 유체의 원활한 흐름, 형성된 아민 표면에 단백질 및 DNA와 같은 생체 물질 고정화의 용이성 및 영구적 표면개질의 특성을 얻을 수 있었다. 이뿐만 아니라, 플라스틱 기판 외에도 재료에 관계없이 모든 물질의 표면을 생체 안정성이 뛰어난 친수성 표면으로 개질 할 수 있으며, 알데히드 및 카르복시산 등의 다양한 작용기로 변형이 쉽다는 장점이 있다. 개질된 친수성 표면의 평가를 위하여 시간에 따른 접 촉각 및 형광 스캐너(Fluorescence Scanner)를 이용하여 영구적인 친수성 특성 및 생체물질 적합성을 파악하였다. 또한, L-SAM 조건에 따른 아민의 형성정도를 측정하기 위하여 XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) 분석을 실시 하였다. 최적화된 표면처리를 실제 플라스틱 플루이딕스칩에 적용하여, 유체의 흐름을 관찰 하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.907-914
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• 2012

Flexible pipes take advantage of their ability to move, or deflect, under loads without structural damage. Common types of flexible pipes are manufactured from polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), steel, glass fiber reinforced thermosetting polymer plastic (GFRP), and aluminum. In this paper, we present the result of an investigation pertaining to the short-term behavior of buried polyethylene pipe. The mechanical properties of the polyethylene pipe produced in the domestic manufacturer are determined and the results are reported in this paper. In addition, vertical ring deflection is measured by the laboratory model test and the finite element analysis (FEA) is also conducted to simulate the short-term behavior of polyethylene pipe buried underground. Based on results from soil-pipe interaction finite element analyses of polyethylene pipe is used to predict the vertical ring deflection and maximum bending strain of polyethylene pipe.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.217-227
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• 1981

오존은 PE나 고무 등 고분자재료(高分子材料)의 표면(表面)에 존재하는 이중결합(二重結合)에 대(對)하여 친전자적부가반응(親電子的付加反應)으로 ozonide가 생성되고 이어서 제(第)3급(級) 수소(水素)를 공격하므로서 주쇄(主鎖)가 절단된다. 따라서 aldehyde, ketone 등의 carbonyl 화합물(化合物)이 생성된다. 이들이 재료표면(材料表面)의 굴곡변형(變形)의 증가에 따라 열(熱) 또는 공(光)에 의하여 다시 분해(分解)를 촉진시킨다. 2개(個)의 N분자(原子)에 방향족(芳香族) 및 지방족기(脂肪族基)를 각각 치환시킨 p - phenylene diamine 유도체(誘導體) 등과 같은 전자공흥성(電子供與性)이 큰 화합물(化合物)은 친전자적(親電子的)인 오존과 우선적으로 3급(級) 수소에 비하면 약 100 배(倍)로 반응성이 크다는것을 표(表)3으로 알수 있다. 미단이중결합(未端二重結合)에 대한 오존과의 반응은 다음 반응식과 같이 이중결합(二重結合)에 오존의 부가반응(付加反?)으로 개시(開始)되어 peroxi methylene이 유리되면서 미단(未端)은 aldehyde로 변화한다. 또 1개의 반응은 제(第)3급(級) 탄소-수소 결합에 오존이 삽입되고 계속 일어나는 분해반응으로서 hydroperoxide의 생성 및 탈염화수소(脫鹽化水素)반응이 일어난다. 이와같은 반응(反?)으로 생성(生成)된 내부(內部) 이중결합(二重結合)에 대한 오존의 반응은 olefin의 경우와 마찬가지로 molozonide나 ozonide의 과정을 거쳐 주쇄(主鎖)가 개열(開裂)되는 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2015

A strain-gradient crystal plasticity constitutive model was developed in order to predict the Hall-Petch behavior of a Ni-base polycrystalline superalloy. The constitutive model involves statistically stored dislocation and geometrically necessary dislocation densities, which were incorporated into the Bailey-Hirsch type flow stress equation with six strength interaction coefficients. A strain-gradient term (called slip-system lattice incompatibility) developed by Acharya was used to calculate the geometrically necessary dislocation density. The description of Kocks-Argon-Ashby type thermally activated strain rate was also used to represent the shear rate of an individual slip system. The constitutive model was implemented in a user material subroutine for crystal plasticity finite element method simulations. The grain size dependence of the flow stress (viz., the Hall-Petch behavior) was predicted for a Ni-base polycrystalline superalloy NIMONIC PE16. Simulation results showed that the present constitutive model fairly reasonably predicts 0.2%-offset yield stresses in a limited range of the grain size.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2001

Background : Tuberculosis itself causes not only lung parenchymal destruction but also pulmonary vascular damage. Secondary emphysema also causes pulmonary vascular damage, which can develop as a late sequela of pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, pulmonary circulatory impairment tends to be more severe in post-tuberculosis emphysema than in primary emphysema. In post-tuberculosis emphysema, the right ventricular function may play an important role. However, little information regarding the right ventricular function is available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the right ventricular function between post-tuberculosis emphysema and primary emphysema. Method: Post-tuberculosis emphysema(PTE) or primary emphysema(PE) was diagnosed by history, HRCT finding and pulmonary function. Twenty patients with post-tuberculosis emphysema were matched with 20 patients with primary emphysema according to both $FEV-1$ and FVC. Arterial blood gas analysis and echocardiography were done at rest and immediately after symptom-limited exercise. The right ventricular function was evaluated with the right ventricular ejection fraction using a modification of Simpson's method. Results : There was no significant difference in the demographics and pulmonary function between the two groups. In post-tuberculosis emphysema, the $PaCO_2$ was higher ($42.9{\pm}4.7$ vs $38.8{\pm}3.1\;mmHg$ at rest; $47.9{\pm}7.0$ vs $41.1{\pm}5.9\;mmHg$ after exercise; p<0.01) and the right ventricular ejection fraction was lower ($57.6{\pm}6.5$ vs $61.4{\pm}4.7%$ at rest; $51.1{\pm}10.8$ vs $59.8{\pm}6.6%$ after exercise; p<0.01) both at rest and after exercise. The $PaCO_2$ after exercise was also lower ($65.7{\pm}12.6$ vs $80.2{\pm}14.4\;mmHg$, p<0.01), while the Pa02 at rest tended to be lower($82.9{\pm}12.0$ vs $87.8{\pm}7.5$, p>0.05). In both groups, right ventricular ejection fraction correlated with the $PaCO_2$ after exercise(PTE r=0.536, PE r=0.557), and the $PaCO_2$ at rest(PTE r=-0.576, PE r=-0.588) and after exercise(PTE r=-0.764, PE r=-0.619). Conclusion : Impairment of the right heart function and gas exchange were more serious in post-tuberculosis emphysema than in primary emphysema, and gas exchange may be influenced by the right ventricular function in post-tuberculosis emphysema.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 1993

This study was aimed to investigate the changes in textural properties of Korean radish and relevant chemical, enzymatic activities during salting. During salting, pH was decreased and total acidity was increased. The maximum compression and puncture forces of Korean radish were decreased significantly whereas cutting force was increased. From the force-distance curves, the break point and maximum force point disappeared in salted Korean radish whereas these appeared apparently in fresh one. Also, the number of peak obtained by three types of test from salted Korean radish was decreased. Hot water soluble pectin and 0.4% Na-hexametaphosphate soluble pectin were increased whereas 0.05 N-HCl soluble pectin were decreased significantly. Polygalacturonase activity were increased in Korean radish solid(RS) and Korean radish juice(RJ) until 4 days of salting. Pectin esterase activity were decreased in RS and RJ. Cx-cellulase activity did not appear initially, however, they began to show their activities after 2 days of salting and were increased in RJ although it was low.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 1992

In order to study the effect of modified atmosphere storage on extending shelf life of mushrooms, oyster mushroom and Shiitake were wrapped with polyethylene film (PE, $50\;{\mu}m$), and stored at $0.5^{\circ}C$. Mushrooms packed with conventional hardboard box (4kg) lost marketability within $5{\sim}6$ days due to weight loss, shrinkage, browning, spore formation and/or mycellium growth. PE-packing could prevent or retard the deterioration of the mushrooms in the aspects of appearance, texture, discoloration, and microbial contamination. This situation can be best characterized by the reduced respiration rate resulted from the elevated level of carbon dioxide and the reduced level of oxygen in the bag. Although the appearance of the oyster mushroom was maintained for one month, its shelf life was limited to 15 days because of tissue softening. Discoloration of the pileus of shiitake mushroom appears to be the most important factor to determine its marketability. For example, extension of shelf life of Dongo was limited to 15 days, principally due to the browning of the pileus. Shelf life of Hawgo whose color of the pileus changed little over the experimental period, however, could be extened to more than one month.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.617-624
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• 2010

This paper reports on a comprehensive study on the mechanical properties of expansive fiber-reinforced strainhardening cement composite (SHCC) materials containing various replacement levels (0, 8, 10, 12 and 14%) of an expansive admixture and 1.5% polyethylene (PE) fibers volume fraction. A number of experimental tests were conducted to investigate shrinkage, compressive strength, flexural strength, and direct tension behavior. Test results show that as expected, the different replacement levels of an expansive admixture have an important effect on the evolution of the free shrinkage of SHCC with a rich mixture. At the volume fraction of 1.5%, PE fibers in normal SHCC reduce free shrinkage deformation by about 30% in comparison to plain mortar. The replacement of an expansive admixture in SHCC material has led the SHCC to a better initial cracking behavior. Enhanced cracking tendency improved mechanical properties of SHCC materials with rich mixtures. Note that an increase in the replacement of expansive admixture from 10% to 14% does not lead to a significant improvement for mechanical properties; this implies that the replacement of 10% expansive admixture is sufficient.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.589-597
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• 2009

High Performance Fiber-reinforced Cement Composite (HPFRCC) shows the multiple crack and damage tolerance capacity due to the interfacial bonding of the fibers to the cement matrix. For practical application, it is needed to investigate the fractural behavior of HPFRCC and understand the micro-mechanism of cement matrix with reinforcing fiber. This study is devoted to the investigation of the AE signals in HPFRCC under monotonic and cyclic uniaxial compressive loading, and total four series were tested. The major experimental parameters include the type and volume fraction of fiber (PE, PVA, SC), the hybrid type and loading pattern. The test results showed that the damage progress by compressive behavior of the HPFRCC is a characteristic for the hybrid fiber type and volume fraction. It is found from acoustic emission (AE) parameter value, that the second and third compressive load cycles resulted in successive decrease of the amplitude as compared with the first compressive load cycle. Also, the AE Kaiser effect existed in HPFRCC specimens up to 80% of its ultimate strength. These observations suggested that the AE Kaiser effect has good potential to be used as a new tool to monitor the loading history of HPFRCC.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.737-741
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• 1999

We surveyed the physiological disorders of fruit vegetables grown in the greenhouse in Kyungbuk province in 1998. Greenhouses used for cultivation were mostly single or multi-span iron pipe houses covered with polyethylene film. Single span greenhouses were used for strawberry, oriental melon and watermelon. Fifty six percent of the surveyed farms was a mono-cropping system for oriental melon and tomato. There were greenhouses used for successive cultivation for 10 years or more for strawberry and oriental melon in Koryeong and Seongju. Varieties of fruit vegetables cultivated were diverse, especially in cucumber and watermelon. In strawberry, malformed fruits were observed most frequently in March and the small fruits at late harvest period. Leaf chlorosis, stunt plants and runner outbreak were also found during the growing season. In tomato, occurrence of malformed fruits was severe from March to May, and occurrence of cracked fruits and blossom- end rot was also severe in October and November. The self topping and abnormal stem in tomato were problem in hydroponic cultures in August and November, respectively. Malformed cucumber fruits, such as curved, club shaped, irregular shaped and narrow necked, occurred at late season. Umbrella-shaped leaf in cucumber in summer were caused by calcium deficiency. Most serious disorders were fermented and malformed fruits occurring from March to May in oriental melon, and cracked fruits occurring from April to May in watermelon. At late growing stage of melons the leaf chlorosis occurred with complex symptoms of leaf disease. Growers had little knowledge on physiological disorders, and also on diagnose and measures to cure the disorders. Most growers pointed out that poor soil environment and temperature management in the greenhouse as the main causes of physiological disorders.