• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2011

Objectives : This study examined the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale (K-ASDS), to calculate the cut-off score in the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. Further, we examined classification error rate when applying cut-off scores. Methods : One hundred sixty-seven children participated in this study, including 46 with Asperger syndrome, 26 with PDD or PDD NOS, 43 with ADHD, and 52 normal children. Results : An ANCOVA demonstrated no significant differences in the K-ASDS total score between the Asperger and the PDD & PDD NOS groups. However, these groups did show significantly higher scores than the ADHD and normal groups. Among the five subscales on the K-ASDS, the Asperger group obtained significantly higher scores on the language and cognition subscales than the PDD & PDD NOS groups. Two scales were found to be useful in distinguishing the Asperger group from the PDD & PDD NOS group through a discriminant analysis. According to an analysis of ROC curve, the cut-off score on the K-ASDS for the diagnosis of PDD including Asperger syndrome was 121. Conclusion : We discussed that K-ASDS has pretty limit.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2015

Beam-quality of medical linac evaluations vary by diverse factors. Because conventional beam-quality evaluation methods yield fragmentary results, a new beam-evaluation method is suggested, and its feasibility is evaluated. The PDDs (percentage depth doses) of 6 MV (Mega-voltage) and 10 MV photon, R (Range) of a 6 MeV (Mega Electron-voltage) and 9 MeV electron were measured and compared with the conventional evaluation methods, and the improved methods $PDD^{10}{_5}$, $PDD^{20}{_{10}}$, $PDD^{30}{_{20}}$, $PDD^{20}{_5}$, $PDD^{30}{_{10}}$, and $R^{70}{_{50}}$, $R^{50}{_{30}}$, $R^{70}{_{30}}$ as the magnetic field of the bending magnet was changed to +2% to -2%, and the results were compared. The comparison showed that the improved methods exhibit a higher discrimination than the conventional methods in each energy regime. $PDD^{10}{_5}$, $PDD^{30}{_{20}}$, $PDD^{30}{_{10}}$ and $R^{70}{_{50}}$, $R^{50}{_{30}}$ should be applied. These methods exhibit a higher discrimination in each energy regime than conventional beam-quality evaluation methods; therefore, they should be used for beam-quality evaluation according to the magnetic field variation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.959-966
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• 2006

The electron-capture detector (ECD) of gas chromatographs (GC) has been used widely in pesticide analysis. However, as ECD relies on radioactive material, it is troublesome to purchase and maintain. Therefore, potent replacements for ECD were investigated. A Pulsed-discharge detector (PDD) for ECD was tested and the analytical results of PDD (ECD mode), ${\mu}ECD$, and nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD) were compared for 107 pesticides including organochroline, organophosphorus, pyrethroids etc. The number of pesticides identified at the lowest limit of detection (LOD) was 36, 29, and 2 for PDD, ${\mu}ECD$, and NPD, respectively. The remaining pesticides showed same response to PDD and ${\mu}ECD$. The GC-PDD analysis of pesticides spiked into representative agricultural products (brown rice, spinach, and mandarin oranges) also showed good and/or equivalent recoveries using $GC-{\mu}ECD$.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 1991

K-WISC Profiles of 15 PDD and 19 ADHD children were compared. Children with PDD showed more uneven scores among subtests, particularly lower scores in verbal comprehension, similarity and block design than ADHD children. It is suggested that two groups can be discrminated by the WISC profile.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.158-162
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• 2002

This paper presents a novel 3-phase IGBT module called the SPM (Smart Power Module). This is a new design developed to provide a very compact, low cost, high performance and reliable motor drive system. Several distinct design concepts were used to achieve the highly integrated functionality in a new cost-effective small package. An overall description to the SPM is given and actual application issues such as electrical characteristics, circuit configurations, thermal performance and power ratings are discussed

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.188-195
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• 2012

Objectives:This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a day-center treatment program to promote development of children with pervasive development disorder (PDD) and pervasive development disorder/mental retardation (PDD/MR). Methods:Twenty five children (14 in the PDD group and 11 in the PDD/MR group) participated in a day-center treatment program. They had been enrolled in the whole program for 2-3 years. Their performance was evaluated according to the Preschool Language Scale (PRES), Social Maturity Scale (SMS), and Korean version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). They were grouped by diagnosis at the beginning of the program and the treatment effect was compared. Results:Children who participated in the day-center treatment program showed a significant increase in their PRES and SMS scores and a decrease in their CARS scores. Conclusions:A day-center treatment program is effective for development of children with PDD and PDD/MR.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.218-225
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• 2017

Effects on skin caused by the dose from linear accelerator (LINAC) opposing portal irradiation and TomoDirect 3-D modeling treatment according to the radiation devices and treatment methods were measured, and a comparative analysis was performed. Two groups of 10 patients each were created and measurements were carried out using an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter. These patients were already receiving radiation treatment in the hospital. Using the SPSS statistical program, the minimum and maximum average standard deviations of the measured skin dose data were obtained. Two types of treatment method were selected as independent variables; the measured points and total average were the dependent variables. An independent sample T-test was used, and it was checked whether there was a significance probability between the two groups. The average of the measured results for the LINAC opposing portal radiation was 117.7 cGy and PDD 65.39% for the inner breast, 144.7 cGy and PDD 80.39% for the outer breast, 143.2 cGy and PDD 79.56% for the upper breast, 151.4 cGy and PDD 84.11% for the lower breast, 149.6 cGy and PDD 83.11% for the axilla, and 141.32 cGy and PDD 78.51% for the total average. In contrast, for TomoDirect 3-D conformal radiotherapy, the corresponding measurement values were 137.6 cGy and PDD 76.44%, 152.3 cGy and PDD 84.61%, 148.6 cGy and PDD 82.56%, 159.7 cGy and PDD 88.72%, and 148.6 cGy PDD 82.56%, respectively, and the total average was 149.36 cGy and PDD 82.98%. To determine if the difference between the total averages was statistically significant, the independent sample T-test of the SPSS statistical program was used, which indicated that the P-value was P=0.024, which was 0.05 lower than the significance level. Thus, it can be understood that the null hypothesis can be dismissed, and that there was a difference in the averages. In conclusion, even though the treatment dose was similar, there could be a difference in the dose entering the body surface from the radiation treatment plan; however, depending on the properties of the treatment devices, there is a difference in the dose affecting the body surface. Thus, the absorbed dose entering the body surface can be high. During breast cancer radiotherapy, radiation dermatitis occurs in almost all patients. Most patients have a difficult time while undergoing treatment, and therefore, when choosing a radiotherapy treatment method, minimizing radiation dermatitis is an important consideration.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

To improve the detection performance of surveillance radars with polarization diversity, we developed an adaptive polarimetric processor and compared it with other polarimetric processors. We derived our adaptive polarimetric processor, called the polarization discontinuity detector (PDD), from the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test principle for the unspecified target component. We derived closed-form expressions of its probabilities of detection and false alarm, and compared its performance to that of the adaptive polarization canceller (APC) and Kelly's GLR processor. The PDD had a performance similar to Kelly's GLR in Gaussian clutter, and both the PDD and Kelly's GLR, which have embedded constant false alarm rates (CFARs), outperformed the APC, especially when the target polarization state was close to the clutter's polarization state. The important difference is that the PDD is much simpler than Kelly's GLR for hardware/software implementation, because the PDD does not require a costly two-parameter filter bank to cover the unknown target polarization state as Kelly's GLR does.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 1999

Objective：The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of comorbid disorders and associated symptoms in pervasive developmental disorder(PDD) and to examine the correlation between associated symptoms and developmental characteristics in PDD children. Method：The sample consisted of 209 cases of PDD and 143 cases of developmental language disorder(DLD)(control group) who were treated at the Seoul National Mental Hospital from Jan. 1996 to Mar. 1999. The diagnostic work based on DSM-IV criteria was performed by one or two child psychiatrists, while the clinical feature was evaluated by doctors’s notes, occupational/speech therapy reports, and results of social maturity scale(SMS), childhood autism rating scale(CARS), and psycho-educational profile(PEP). Two groups were compared on a wide range of measures including comorbid disorders, associated symptoms, treatment drugs, and PEP. The relation between associated symptom & PEP was investigated in total(106 cases) and in each dignostic group. Sixty-four cases of PDD were divided into three groups by CARS and then compared on associated symptoms. Result：The prevalence of comorbid disorder was 19.6% in PDD, 41.2% in DLD. The rate of manifestation of 13 associated symptoms was 31.47% in PDD, 22.13% in DLD on the average. Associated symptoms significantly high in PDD were preoccupation, obsession, self-mutilation, stereotypy, sleep problems, and odd response. In total patient group, associated symptoms that significantly influenced PEP were preoccupation, self-stimulation, stereotypy, inappropriate affect, sleep problems, and odd response. But, in each diagnostic group, no associated symptom influenced PEP. Associated symptoms significantly different between the 3 groups of CARS were stereotypy, anxiety, and sleep problems. Conclusion：These preliminary results suggest that developmental characteristics may influence associated symptoms in PDD children and a realistic approach considering minute diagnosis by associated symptoms and comorbid disorders is required.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 1998

Objectives：This study was conducted to compare the cognitive characteristics and visual-motor coordination ability of children with Asperger’s disorder and with those of children with PDD NOS. Methods：27 children(13 in AS group and 14 in PDD NOS group) were individually assessed using the K-WISC and BGT, and the results of those tests were analyzed. Results：The mean FSIQ of the AS group was significantly higher than that of the PDD NOS group. There was also a large discrepancy between VIQ and PIQ in the PDD NOS, while there was not significant discrepancy in the AS. The AS was distinguished from PDD NOS group by significantly higher scores in Vocabulary and Comprehension subscales and lower score in Block design. Also, when compared with the PDD NOS, the AS showed more difficulties in visual-motor coordination. Conclusion：The AS showed relatively good verbal and learning ability, while the PDD NOS relatively superior ability in visuospatial function and visual-motor coordination. The findings indicated that the K-WISC and BGT might be useful assessment tool to differentiate the AS from PDD NOS.