• Title/Summary/Keyword: PDA

Search Result 2,649, Processing Time 0.042 seconds

A Research on the Residual Pesticide Content of Dried Agricultural Products from Ulsan (울산지역 건조농산물 가공품의 잔류농약 분석)

  • Kim, Dae-Kyo;Kim, Seon-Hwa;Kim, Su-Hui;Choi, Jae-Seon;Kim, Hui-jeong;Kim, Young-Min
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.37 no.4
    • /
    • pp.238-248
    • /
    • 2022
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the safety of 208 types of residue pesticides on 150 dried agricultural products in Ulsan. The pesticide residues were detected using GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS, GC/ECD, GC/NPD, and LC/PDA. The detection rate was 19.3% (29 of 150 samples), and 28 types of pesticides were detected. Two of the 29 pesticide residues exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). Difenoconazole was detected in Ulleungdo aster, and chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos were detected in chili pepper leaves. In the vegetable group, the frequency of pesticide residues was found to be the highest in dried leafy vegetables, followed by dried fruiting vegetables other than cucurbit vegetables, and then dried stalk and stem vegetables. The pesticide types detected in the commercial dried agricultural products were fungicide (60%), insecticide (23.8%), and acaricide (16.3%). In the validation study, the values of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), coefficient of determination (R2), and recovery rate were in the range of 0.0001-0.0409 mg/kg, 0.0003-0.1241 mg/kg, 0.994-0.999, and 81.58-116.79%, respectively. The ratio of estimated daily intake (EDI)/acceptable daily intake (ADI) was 0.00002-0.31395%.

The characteristics of fungal-mycelium-based composite materials using spent mushroom substrates of Flammulina velutipes (팽이버섯 수확후배지를 이용한 곰팡이 균사체 기반 복합소재의 특성)

  • Gi-Hong An;Du-Ho Choi;Jae-Gu Han;Kang-Hyo Lee
    • Journal of Mushroom
    • /
    • v.21 no.3
    • /
    • pp.185-189
    • /
    • 2023
  • This study was conducted to develop a renewable and sustainable bio-material to replace polystyrene (EPS) in fungal-mycelium-based composite using agricultural by-products. Four mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum, Fomitella fraxinea, Phellinus linteus, and Schizophyllum commune) were cultured in an oak sawdust plus rice bran substrate to select the mushroom with the best growth. The mycelia of G. lucidum showed the best growth. To investigate the optimal mixing ratio with spent mushroom substrate (SM) and oak sawdust (OS), samples were prepared by mixing SM and OS at ratios of 50%:50%, 60%:40%, and 80%:20% (w/w). Each substrate was then inoculated with G. lucidum. G. lucidum showed the best mycelial growth of 140.0 mm in the substrate with SM and OS mixed at a 60%:40% ratio. It was also found that the substrate with SM and OS mixed at a 60%:40% ratio had the best handling properties. The compressive strength of mycelial materials inoculated with G. lucidum was in the range of 300-302 kgf mm-1, and the materials were four times stronger than polystyrene materials. These results indicate that substrates comprising spent mushroom substrate mixed with oak sawdust can be successfully upcycled to mycelium-based composite materials using G. lucidum. This represents a sustainable approach.

Mycelial growth of some edible mushroom isolates on the media using sawdust from the shiitake waste logs (표고 폐골목 톱밥 배지에서 몇가지 식용버섯균의 균사생장)

  • Seo, G.S.;Lee, B.S.;Lee, J.S.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
    • /
    • v.9 no.1
    • /
    • pp.33-46
    • /
    • 2007
  • We conducted this research to develop the medium for some edible mushroom cultivation using shiitake waste log which is abandoned after cultivation of shiitake mushroom because those bed logs can not be recycled. The isolates of P. ostreatus(POS-012), P. eryngii(PER-005), G. frondosa(GFR-001) and F. velutipes(FVE-001) were selected and examined for mycelial growth on sawdust media prepared from shiitake waste log. Mycelial growth of selected isolate were satisfactory on the sawdust extract media using acasia(Robinia pseudo-acacia), neutinamu(Zelkova serrata) and kangchamnamu(sangsuri, Quercus acutissima) which are no shiitake-inoculated. Although the mycelial growth of the isolate were poor on the sawdust media prepared from Quercus spp., sawdust of neutinamu, (Zelkova serrata), beotnamu, (Prunus serrulata), orinamu(Alnus japonica), eunsuweonsasinamu(Populus tomentiglandulosa) and chestnut(Castanea crenata) were excellent for mycelial growth. However, shiitake logs which are infected with harmful fungi such as Hypocrea spp. were useful as recycle materials for mushroom cultivation.

Cultivation Characteristics and Optimal Conditions for Mycelial Growth of Volvariella bombycina (흰비단털버섯(Volvariella bombycina)의 배양적 특성 및 균사 배양 조건 설정)

  • Gyeong Jin Min;Hye Sung Park;Tai Moon Ha;Eun Ji Lee
    • Journal of Mushroom
    • /
    • v.21 no.1
    • /
    • pp.15-21
    • /
    • 2023
  • Volvariella bombycinais an edible mushroom commercially cultivated in Korea and other countries. In this study, the culture characteristics and optimal growth conditions of milky mushroom strains were determined. The growth temperature and pH range of V. bombycinawas extensively investigated between 15 and 35℃ and pH 3-11. For efficient cultivation, 20 types of nutrient sources were selected, specifically, 21 carbon sources, 6 organic nitrogen sources, 7 inorganic nitrogen sources, 13 amino acids, 9 organic acids, and 13 inorganic salts. The impact of each of the selected nutrition sources and their concentration on growth was investigated. The optimum temperature and pH were determined to be 30℃ and pH 8.0, respectively. The optimum concentration of medium elements required for mycelial growth of V. bombycinawas determined to be as follows: carbon source, 0.7% Soluble starch; organic nitrogen source, 0.7% Soytone; inorganic nitrogen source, 1.0% (NH4)2C4H4O6; amino acid, 0.1% cysteine; organic acid, 0.07% lactic acid; and inorganic salt, 0.07 mM CaCl2.

Simultaneous Analysis of Cold Medicine Component by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) (고성능 액체크로마토그래피(HPLC)를 이용한 Cold Medicine 성분의 동시 분석)

  • Wonju Lee;Seung-Tae Choi;Keun-Sik Shin;Jin-Young Park;Jae-Ho Sim
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
    • /
    • v.9 no.6
    • /
    • pp.867-873
    • /
    • 2023
  • In this study, for the purpose of standardized quality control of a cold medicine, we simultaneous analyzed four main chemical components of a cold medicine: acetaminophen, caffeine, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben. The sample was subjected to quantitative analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), after pretreatment of four components. The experiment was carried out by using Isocratic elution at wavelength of 270nm. Acetonitrile and water (H2O) were used as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min in a commercial C18 reversed-phase column. A volume of 10uL cold medicine were injected into the column with column oven temperature at 35℃. As a result of the experiment, the values of Resolution were 4.983, 1.596, 5.519, and 1.678 respectively-well over Rs >1.5, which indicates that the separation of four components were efficient. In addition, value of symmetry factor of the components was 1.056, 1.069, 1.032, and 1.133 respectively, to show its symmetrical stability. The calibration curve of all four components exhibits good linearity with R2 >0.9995 to 0.9999. Furthermore, the limit of detection(LOD) were between 0.0118 to 1.5973 mg/mL, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) were between 0.0353 to 4.7919 ㎍/mL with the recovery rate of 79.6% ~ 120.5%. The results of this study showed an efficient quality evaluation of a simultaneous analysis method for cold medicine components.

Clinical experience of therapeutic effect of peritoneal drainage on intestinal perforation in preterm infants (미숙아의 장천공에서 복막 배액술의 치료효과에 관한 임상적 경험)

  • Lee, Jun Seok;Koo, Kyo Yeon;Lee, Soon Min;Park, Min Soo;Park, Kook In;Namgung, Ran;Lee, Chul;Choi, Seung Hoon
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
    • /
    • v.52 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1216-1220
    • /
    • 2009
  • Purpose:To analyze and compare various cases in which peritoneal drainage was used as the primary treatment method in preterm infants with intestinal perforation. Methods:Among the preterm infants of less than 28 weeks of gestation who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the Gangnam Severance Hospital from April 2006 to April 2009, 7 who had developed intestinal perforation were studied retrospectively. We investigated the clinical characteristics, secondary operation performances, morbidities, complications, and mortalities. Results:Among the 7 infants, 5 survived. Of the 5 cases, 3 received laparotomy, of which 2 were confirmed as having necrotizing enterocolitis. Of the 2 infants who died, 1 had received laparotomy before 48 h of peritoneal drainage, while the other had not received any subsequent treatment. Of the 7 children, 4 had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), of which 3 had received indomethacin injection. Five infants had begun enteral feeding before they developed intestinal perforation. Of the 5 infants who survived, 4 were diagnosed with cholestasis. Of the 7 infants, 4 developed periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and 3 developed rickets. Conclusion:Although the use of peritoneal drainage as the primary management of intestinal perforation in preterm infants is controversial, we suggest that it can be used for treating extreme premature neonates. Further randomized controlled study will be required to determine the feasibility of using this method.

Characteristics and breeding of a new cultivar of Pleurotus ostreatus that is tolerant to envirochanges (느타리 신품종 불량환경내성 '고솔'의 육성 및 자실체 특성)

  • Shin, Pyung-Gyun;Oh, Min-Ji;Kim, Eun-Sun;Oh, Youn-Lee;Jang, Kab-Yeul;Kong, Won-Sik;Yoo, Young-Bok
    • Journal of Mushroom
    • /
    • v.14 no.2
    • /
    • pp.59-63
    • /
    • 2016
  • A new commercial strain of oyster mushroom (was developed by hyphal anastomosis, and was improved byhybridization between a monokaryotic strain derived from Pleurotus ostreatus ASI 0635 (Gonji 7ho) and a dikaryotic strain derived from P. ostreatus ASI 0666 (Mongdol). The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and fruiting body development were $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and $12{\sim}18^{\circ}C$, respectively. When PDA (potato dextrose agar medium) and MCM (mushroom complete medium) were compared, mycelial growth was faster in MCM. Similar results were observed with the control strain P. ostreatus ASI 2504 (Suhan 1ho). Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar ('Gosol') showed a different DNA profile from that of the control ASI 2504 strain, when RAPD (raurpDNA) primers URP1, 2, 3, and 7 were used. Fruiting body production per bottle was approximately116 g based on a production performance test. In addition, yields from a farm field trial were stably achieved in an inadequate production enviro. The color of the pileus was blackish gray, and the stipe was long and thick. Therefore, we expect that this new strain will satisfy consumer demand for high quality mushrooms.

Multi-residue Pesticide Analysis in Cereal using Modified QuEChERS Samloe Preparation Method (곡물류 중 잔류농약 다성분 분석을 위한 개선된 QuEChERS 시료 정제법의 개발)

  • Yang, In-Cheol;Hong, Su-Myeong;Kwon, Hye-Young;Kim, Taek-Kyum;Kim, Doo-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.17 no.4
    • /
    • pp.314-334
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study explored an efficient modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization with tandem mass spectrometric detection for the analysis of residues of 76 pesticides in brown rice, barley and corn including acidic sulfonylurea herbicides. Formic acid (1%) acid in acetonitrile and dispersive solid phase extractions used for extraction of pesticides and clean-up of the extract respectively. Two fortified spikes at 50 and 200 ng $g^{-1}$ levels were performed for recovery test. Mean recoveries of majority of pesticides at two spike levels ranged from 73.2 to 132.2, 80.9 to 136.8, 66.6 to 143.5 for brown rice, barley and corn respectively with standard error (CV) less than 10%. Good linearity of calibration curves were achieved with $R^2$ > 0.9907 within the observed concentration ranged. The modified method also provided satisfactory results for sulfonylurea herbicides. The method was applied to the determination of residues of target pesticides in real samples. A total of 26 pesticides in 36 out of 98 tasted samples were observed. The highest concentration was observed for tricyclazole at 1.17 mg $kg^{-1}$ in brown rice. This pesticide in two brown rice samples exceeded their MRLs regulated for rice in republic of Korea. Except tricyclazole none of the observed pesticides' concentration was higher than their MRLs. The results reveal that the method is effectively applicable to routine analysis of residues of target pesticides in brown rice, barley and corn.

Monitoring of Natural Preservative Levels in Food Products (가공식품 중 천연유래 보존료 함량에 대한 조사)

  • Park, Eun-Ryong;Lee, Sun-Kyu;Hwang, Hye-Shin;Mun, Chun-Sun;Gwak, In-Shin;Kim, Ok-Hee;Lee, Kwang-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.37 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1640-1646
    • /
    • 2008
  • In the current food sanitation regulation, food additives are under controlled by the Food Code. The naturally derived preservatives such as benzoic acid and propionic acid can be naturally carried over or produced as metabolites during manufacturing process such as fermentation. To monitor naturally formed benzoic acid and propionic acid levels, a total of 145 samples were classified into berries (prune, cranberry), functional foods (propolis liquid, ginseng product), vinegars (vinegar-based drink, vinegar beverage, vinegar), and salted and pickled products (olive, pickled cucumber, salted/pickled product) and analyzed by HPLC-PDA and GC-FID. From the results, benzoic acid and propionic acid were each detected and identified in 144 samples and 64 samples respectively. The amount of benzoic acid ranged from $4.1{\sim}478.4\;ppm$ in cranberry, from $49.7{\sim}491$ in propolis liquid, and from $2.5{\sim}10.2\;ppm$ in ginseng, and other tested samples contained very small quantity. Also, the amount of propionic acid ranged from $179.8{\sim}951.9\;ppm$ (av. 553.6 ppm) in vinegar (persimmon vinegar 100%), which was the highest level among fermented foods, from $13.7{\sim}247.0$ ppm in propolis liquid, from $2.0{\sim}180.7\;ppm$ in vinegar-based drink, and from $1.6{\sim}76.6\;ppm$ in olive. Vinegar beverage and pickled cucumber each showed 24 and 18 ppm of propionic acid; in contrast, propionic acid was not detected in prune, cranberry, ginseng, and picked/salted products.

Toxigenic Fungal Contaminants in the 2009-harvested Rice and Its Milling-by products Samples Collected from Rice Processing Complexes in Korea (전국 미곡종합처리장에서 채집한 2009년산 쌀과 가공부산물 시료의 독소생성곰팡이 오염)

  • Son, Seung-Wan;Nam, Young-Ju;Lee, Seung-Ho;Lee, Soo-Min;Lee, Soo-Hyung;Kim, Mi-Ja;Lee, Theresa;Yun, Jong-Chul;Ryu, Jae-Gee
    • Research in Plant Disease
    • /
    • v.17 no.3
    • /
    • pp.280-287
    • /
    • 2011
  • This investigation was undertaken to survey toxigenic fungal contamination of various rice samples in 93 rice processing complexes (RPC) in Korea. Rice was grown in 2009 and the samples were collected in 2010. Seven types of rice samples such as unhusked, brown, blue-tinged, discolored, polished, half-crushed, and rice husks were obtained from each RPC. One-hundred and five grains of each sample were placed on PDA plates after surface disinfection. The incidence of fungal contaminants was 26.8%. Aspergillus spp. was the most dominant fungal contaminants and Fusarium spp. was the most frequently occurred in samples. The heaviest Fusarium contamination was found in unhusked grain, rice husks, and bare blue-tinged rice and followed by colored rice whereas broken rice was the least contaminated. Regional difference of fungal contamination was distinctive. Fusarium incidence in the rice samples from southern region of Korea including Jeolla and Gyeongsang Provinces was higher than those from central region including Chungcheong, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon Provinces. In contrast to Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were dominated in brown and polished rice samples and their incidences were more severe in central region than southern region. The major contaminants shown more than 1% of kernels infected were Aspergillus (5.0%), Fusarium (2.0%), Alternaria (1.4%), Dreschlera (1.3%), Penicillium spp. (1.3%), and Nigrospora spp. (1.0%). Collectotrichum, Pyricularia, Myrothecium, Epicoccum, Cladosporium, Moniliella, Gloeocercospora, Chaeto- mium, Curvularia, Phialopora, Acremonium, Gliomastix, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Phomopsis, Paecilomyces, Genicularia, Geotrichum, Acremoniella, Rhizoctonia, Phoma, Oidiodendran, and Candida spp. were among the rest observed at low incidence. The major contaminants of rice samples were well-known as toxigenic fungal genera so toxin producibility of these fungal isolates is necessary to be examined in future. It is also needed to study Myrothecium spp. on species level as it was detected for the first time in rice.