• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2016

In South Korea the need of sustainably managing development on forest lands has required to develop a new approach to estimating environmental impacts on forest surrounding development sites in a scientific manner. As for forest-related development, two types of development were selected: golf courses and industrial complexes. Using Fragstats 4.2, the fragmentation effects and patterns of each type by forest area within project sites and buffer zones ranging from the outside of project sites up to 2,000 meters were analyzed. As a result, golf courses were strongly related to a group of fragmentation indexes: CA, NP, PD, TE, LSI, TCA, NDCA and CONNECT, whereas industrial complexes were associated with CA, NP, PD, TE, LSI and CONNECT. Among them, NP, LSI, TCA and NDCA of golf courses were considered as representative indexes reflecting the average impact ranges of each sub-group by forest area, and focussing on the size of core areas. In the case of industrial complexes, PD, TE and LSI were the representatives, vulnerable to the composition of given landscape. For two case studies, one for golf courses and the other for industrial complexes, they showed there existed a difference between the average of a group and the individual results. Therefore, to minimize the variations in impact range within a group, it is needed to analyze more individual cases. This study proved there was a distinction between project types in terms of the range of environmental impact. To effectively and comprehensively manage forest development, further research on analyzing other development types related to forests with more cases is needed.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1092-1098
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• 2007

Since one decade, the detection of HFPD (High frequency Partial Discharge) has been proposed as one of the effective method for the diagnosis of the power component under service in power grids. As a tool for HFPD detection, Metal Foil sensor based on the embedded technology has been commercialized for mainly power cable due to its advantages. Recently, for the on-site noise discrimination, several PA (Pulse analysis) methods have been reported and the related software, such as Neural Network and Fuzzy, have been proposed to separate the PD (Partial Discharge) signals from the noises since their wave shapes are completely different from each other. On the other hand, the relevant fundamental investigation has not yet clearly made while it is reported that the effectiveness of the current methods based on PA is dependant on the types of sensors. Moreover, regarding the identification of the vital defects introducible into the Power Cable, the direct identification of the nature of defects from the PD signals through Metal Foil coupler has not yet been realized. As a trial for solving above shortcomings, different types of software have been proposed and employed without any convincing probability of identification. In this regards, our novel algorithm 'PA Map' based on the pulse analysis is suggested to identify directly the defects inside the power cable from the HFPD signals which is output of the HFCT and metal foil sensors. This method enables to discriminate the noise and then to make the data analysis related to the PD signals. For the purpose, the HFPD detection and PA (Pulse Analysis) system have been developed and then the effect of noise discrimination has been investigated by use of the artificial defects using real scale mockup. Throughout these works, our system is proved to be capable of separating the small void discharges among the very large noises such as big air corona and ground floating discharges at the on-site as well as of identifying the concerned defects.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if auditory cues velocity has a greater effect on the gait pattern of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) than the cues applied individually. METHODS: The subjects were 15 elderly patients diagnosed with PD, 15 healthy elderly persons. Patients were measured of three conditions performed in random order: slow, general, fast. The auditory cue velocity consisted of a metronome beat ${\pm}20%$ than the subject's general gait speed. Using a motion analysis and a force platform measurement system, changes in spatiotemporal variables, kinetic and kinematic variables were compared to gait analysis. RESULTS: Comparison between the auditory cues velocity, there was a significant difference in the spatiotemporal variables with regard to the cadence, stride length, support time, step length, double support time (p<.05). Comparison between the auditory cues velocity, there was a significant increase general and fast velocity gait than slow velocity gait in the maximum flexion in swing phase of knee joint (p<.05). There appears to be the aspect of an increasing ground reaction force (GRF) on the first peak in the vertical axis (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Auditory cues velocity improved of spatio-temporal factors, kinematic and kinetic factors depending on the velocity of the faster. Therefore at the rehabilitation training of PD patients auditory cues velocity would be used for recovery and gait reeducation, may arise through the patients functional ability.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.322-329
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• 1990

한국산 도롱뇽 유생의 다리재생에 미치는 retinoic acid의 효과를 알아보았다. 도롱뇽 유생의 다리를 distal zeugopodium 또는 distal stylopodium 부위에서 절단하고 절단 후 4일째에 복강내 주사방법으로 RA를 처리한 결과 근원위 축상에서 재생된 골격이 복제되어 근위부화한 형태를 나타내었다. RA처리에 따른 골격 재생이 평균 근위 부화정도는 처리량이 증가와 더불어 증가하였으며 또한 절단부위를 달리하였을 경우에도 영향을 받았다. 근원위 축상에서 평균 근위부화정도의 최대치에 근접한 값은 처리량을 150 $\mu$ g/g body wt.로 했을 때 얻어졌으며 이 처리량을 넘어서는 경우에는 재생의 저해 혹은 주변으로부터의 골격복제 현상이 나타났으며 그 빈도 역시 처리량의 증가와 함께 상승하였다. 이러한 실험결과는 RA처리에 의하여 유발되리라고 보여지는 positional value의 변화가 근원위축을 비롯한 3개의 주요 축상에서 점진적으로 일어남을 시사하며, zeugopodium의 복제가 stylopodium의 복제보다 쉽게 일어난다는 사실은 근원위축상에서 세포들의 RA에 대한 민감성이 동이하지 않거나 혹은 positional value의 배열양상이 직선적이 아님을 시사하고 있다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate recruiting order and onset time around shoulder muscle during the push-up according to the body tilting angle. METHODS: Twenty healthy young adult subjects were recruited for this study. They had no neurological and musculoskeletal disease. We used the sEMG for recording onset time of shoulder muscles. Shoulder Muscles were anterior deltoid(AD), posterior deltoid(PD), pectoralis major(PM), upper trapezius(UT). Body tilting angle were measured at 0 degree, 30 degree and 60 degree by using tilting table. Muscles contraction onset time were set by the push-up performed 3 times respectively. Mean of 3 measurements were used. And initiate onset time was decided by the Mean ${\pm}2$ SD in the threshold, more than 25ms. RESULTS: There were significant difference at 0 degree, 30 degree and 60 degree(p<.05). Muscles onset time were same order at 0 degree, 30 degree. UT occurred first of all contraction at 0 degree and 30 degree. And then contracted AD, PD, PM. But, at 60 degree, AD was the first contraction, and PM, UT, PD. CONCLUSION: Muscle recruitment order and onset time according to the body tilting was shown the difference when you do push-up. Therefore, this result, shoulder muscle recruitment pattern of according to the body tilting is different and it has to make effective shoulder exercise program.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1982

인삼(人蔘)사포닌중의 각(各) ginsenosides를 효과적(效果的)으로 분리(分離) 정량(定量)하기 위하여 carbohydrate analysis column을 사용(使用)한 HPLC로 전형적(典型的)인 용매(溶媒) system인 acetonitrile/water의 혼합비율(混合比率)을 80/20에서 94/6까지 조정(調整)하여 retention time과 분리능(分離能)과의 관계(關係)를 비교실험(比較試驗)하였고 또 n-butanol의 첨가효과(添加效果)도 조사(調査)하였다. 기본구조(基本構造)가 다른 diol saponin과 triol saponin을 같은 mobile phase로 만족하게 분리정량(分離定量)하기는 어렵다. 따라서 diol saponin은 acetonitrile/water system(80/20), trol saponin은 acetonitrile/water/n-butanol system(86/14/10)을 mobile phase로 하여 분석(分析)함이 효과적(效果的)이었다. 이 방법(方法)에 따라 백삼(白蔘)과 홍삼(紅蔘)을 정량(定量)한 결과(結果), diol saponin 함량(含量)은 큰 차이(差異)가 없으나 triol saponin 함량(含量)은 홍삼(紅蔘)이 백삼(白蔘)보다 증가(增加)하였다. 특(特)히 PT/PD ratin가 백삼(白蔘)은 0.401인데 비(比)해 홍삼(紅蔘)은 0.561로서 홍삼(紅蔘)이 백삼(白蔘)보다 약 1.4배(倍)나 높았다. 이것이 홍삼(紅蔘)의 생화학적약리효능(生化學的藥理效能)과 깊은 관계(關係)가 있다고 판단(判斷)되며 열처리(熱處理)에 의한 제조공정(製造工程)과 관계(關係)가 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1415-1420
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• 2000

Essential tremor(ET) is the most common movement disorder however there has been little agreement in the neurologic literature regarding diagnostic criteria for ET. Familial ET is an autosomal dominant disorder presenting as an isolated postural tremor. The main feature of ET is postural tremor of the arms with later involvement of the head, voice, or legs. In previous studies, it was reported that ET susceptibility was inherited in an autosomal dominant inheritance. As with previous results, it would suggest that ET might be associated with defect of mitochondrial or nuclear DNA. Recent studies are focusing molecular genetic detection of movement disorders, such as essential tremor and restless legs syndrome. Parkinson's disease(PD) is a neurodegenerative disease involving mainly the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra by several factors. The cause of dopaminergic cell death is unknown. Recently, it has been suggested that Parkinson's disease many result from mitochondrial dysfunction. The authors have analysed mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) from the blood cell of PD and ET patients via long and accurate polymerase chain reaction(LA PCR). Blood samples were collected from 9 PD and 9 ET patients. Total DNA was extracted twice with phenol followed by chloroform : isoamylalcohol. For the analysis of mtDNA, LA PCR was performed by mitochondrial specific primers. With LA PCR, 1/3 16s rRNA~1/3 ATPase 6/8 and COI~3/4 ND5 regions were observed in different patterns. But, in the COI~1/3 ATPase 6/8 region, the data of PCR were observed in same pattern. This study supports the data that ET and PD are genentic disorders with deficiency of mitochondrial DNA multicomplexes.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2000년도 제18회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.156-156
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• 2000

Recently, the surface electronic states have attracted much attention since their standing wave patterns created around steps, defects, and adsorbates on noble metal surfaces such as Au(111), Ag(110), and Cu(111) were observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). As a typical example, a striking circular pattern of "Quantum corral" observed by Crommie, Lutz, and Eigler, covers a number of text books of quantum mechanics, demonstrating a wavy nature of electrons. After the discoveries, similar standing waves patterns have been observed on other metal and demiconductor surfaces and even on a side polane of nano-tubes. With an expectation that the surface states could be utilized as one of ideal cases for studying two dimensionakl (sD) electronic system, various properties, such as mean free path / life time of the electronic states, have been characterized based on an analysis of standing wave patterns, . for the 2D electron system, electron density is one of the most importnat parameters which determines the properties on it. One advantage of conventional 2D electron system, such as the ones realized at AlGaAs/GaAs and SiO2/Si interfaces, is their controllability of the electrondensity. It can be changed and controlled by a factor of orders through an application of voltage on the gate electrode. On the other hand, changing the leectron density of the surface-state 2D electron system is not simple. On ewqy to change the electron density of the surface-state 2D electron system is not simple. One way to change the electron density is to deposit other elements on the system. it has been known that Pd(111) surface has unoccupied surface states whose energy level is just above Fermi level. Recently, we found that by depositing Pd on Cu(111) surface, occupied surface states of Cu(111) is lifted up, crossing at Fermi level around 2ML, and approaches to the intrinsic Pd surface states with a increase in thickness. Electron density occupied in the states is thus gradually reduced by Pd deposition. Park et al. also observed a change in Fermi wave number of the surface states of Cu(111) by deposition of Xe layer on it, which suggests another possible way of changing electron density. In this talk, after a brief review of recent progress in a study of standing weaves by STM, I will discuss about how the electron density can be changed and controlled and feasibility of using the surface states for a study of 2D electron system. One of the most important advantage of the surface-state 2D electron system is that one can directly and easily access to the system with a high spatial resolution by STM/AFM.y STM/AFM.

• 감성과학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2018

본 연구는 멀미증상이 동공 리듬에 미치는 영향을 확인하는 것을 그 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구는 2D와 HMD를 통해 동일한 가상현실 콘텐츠를 실험참가자에게 15분 동안 경험하게 한 이후에 동공반응을 비교하였고 본 실험에는 16명(남자 8명, 여자 8명, 평균 나이: $25.67{\pm}2.43$세)의 피험자가 참여하였다. 연구 결과, 영상멀미를 경험한 이후에 동공 리듬이 불규칙한 패턴을 나타내었고 이것은 동공 크기(mPD) 및 동공 리듬의 편차(sPD)가 증가하는 결과로 확인되었다. 이러한 동공 반응의 결과는 인지부하와 밀접한 관련이 있고 영상멀미를 처리해야 할 시각 정보량의 증가 및 감각정보들 사이의 충돌 혹은 불일치로 인한 인지부하 현상으로 해석이 가능하다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법은 기존의 센서 기반의 평가 방법에 비해 멀미 증상을 카메라 기반의 비접촉식으로 측정할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the fuzzy pattern that is reflected on the inside of the value evaluator in measuring the economic value of architectural aesthetic using the fuzzy-contingent valuation method. The main results of analyzing the relationship between architectural aesthetic and fuzzy patterns by typing 307 fuzzy patterns collected from visitors at Dongdaemun Design Plaza are as follows: First, low levels of architectural aesthetic can be a primary cause of extreme refusal of payment. However, it was confirmed that the extreme refusal of payment could partially involve mentality of free-ride on public goods or mentality that would not give value to past events that are not future. Second, if the architectural aesthetic score is 77.5, the most perfect form of fuzzy pattern is formed. It is confirmed that the fuzzy form, which is the standard in the relationship between architectural aesthetic and money value, is made at 77.5 points. This means that it is most efficient to have 77.5 points of architectural aesthetic to secure balanced data by membership in the study of architectural aesthetic value measurement through fuzzy pattern. Third, according to the architectural aesthetic score, respondents can be interpreted as follows: no monetary willingness arises before or after 52.4, starts to respond to the amount before and after 65.6, severe conflict over payments around 70.6~71.7, stronger willingness to pay around 77.6, want to pay for sure around 80.0.