• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.550-553
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• 2003

The genes of GFPuv and Cytochrome c-552 were amplified by using PCR, and then, fused each other. Fusion gene of GFPuv and Cytochrome c-552 was inserted into the pTrcHis B vector and transferred to E. coli. A fusion protein of GFPuv and Cytochrome c-552 was expressed in JM109 and BL21. This fusion protein was composed of a His-tag for the rapid one-step purification using an immobilized metal affinity chromatography.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2005

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin $(IL-1)-{\beta}$, play a key role in causing inflammatory diseases, which are rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and sepsis. Accumulating evidences suggest that low level laser irradiation (LLLI) may have an anti-inflammatory action. However, there are few data regarding down regulation of Th1 immune response by using the diod typed laser emitting device for human patients. As a fundamental step in order to address this issue, we investigated immunological impact of the low level laser irradiation (10 mw laser diode with a wavelength of 630 nm) on expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine immunocytes (splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages) in vitro. The LLLI on lipopolysaccharide (LPS 100 ng/ml)-stimulated murine splenocytes and macrophages, clearly down regulated mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-12 in dose-dependent manner. In addition, LLLI significantly inhibits the NO production in the LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. This data suggests that LLLI (wavelength of 630 nm) may exert an anti-inflammatory action via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and NO production pathway.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.251-255
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• 2019

Wildlife is a bio-indicator of environmental pollution by antimicrobial resistant bacteria or genes, however, there is no information on antimicrobial resistance in wildlife-origin bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the normal microbiota of staphylococci and their antimicrobial resistance in wildlife that did not take any antimicrobials. After sampling and bacterial isolation/identification, antimicrobial resistance profiles were examined by broth microdilution test, Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test and mecA genetargeted PCR. Of 90 isolates from wildlife, 83 were coagulase-negative staphylococci while only 7 were coagulase-positive staphylococci. Methicillin-resistance was found in 63 (70%) isolates and 35 of 90 (38.9%) isolates were multidrug-resistant staphylococci. When considering that all of the animals did not take any medication or contacted any medical device before the sampling, the results indicate significantly high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in wild environments. Further study would be necessary to investigate the transmission route of antimicrobial resistance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.559-573
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• 2023

Shiga toxin (Stxs)-producing enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 are major causative agents of severe bloody diarrhea (known as hemorrhagic colitis) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with extraintestinal complications such as acute renal failure and neurologic impairment in infected patients under 9 years of age. Extreme nephrotoxicity of Stxs in HUS patients is associated with severe outcomes, highlighting the need to develop technologies to detect low levels of the toxin in environmental or food samples. Currently, the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or immunoassay is the most broadly used assay to detect the toxin. However, these assays are laborious, time-consuming, and costly. More recently, numerous studies have described novel, highly sensitive, and portable methods for detecting Stxs from EHEC. To contextualize newly emerging Stxs detection methods, we briefly explain the basic principles of these methods, including lateral flow assays, optical detection, and electrical detection. We subsequently describe existing and newly emerging rapid detection technologies to identify and measure Stxs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4086-4092
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• 2013

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are UV-absorbing substances, and diverse marine organisms have the evolved the capacity to diminished the direct and indirect damaging effects of environmental ultraviolet radiation by synthesis and accumulation of MAAs. In this study, we manufactured a radiofrequency (RF) generation device and applied to microalgal culture. $0.35{\pm}0.05$ mHz of RF was supplied to culture vessel for Chlamydomonas sp. and samples were harvested at the designated time intervals (1, 0.5, 1 and 2 hr). MAAs biosynthetic genes, dehydroquinate synthase homolog (DHQS-like) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase homolog (NRPS-like), were cloned from Chlamydomonas sp. and their gene expressions under the RF exposure were analyzed using qRT-PCR. DHQS-like and NRPS-like gene expressions of Chlamydomonas sp. exposed to RF were increased 1.46 and 1.19 fold at 1 hr, respectively. These results means that DHQS-like and NRPS-like genes can be good biomarker candidates for diagnosis of MAAs biosynthesis in the Chlamydomonas sp.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.205-217
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• 2005

Distraction osteogenesis is a technique of lengthening bone including soft tissue by gradual separation of surgically divided bone surfaces. Although the biomechanical, histological, and ultrastructural changes associated with distraction osteogenesis have been widely described, the molecular mechanisms governing the formation of new bone in distracted bone segments remain largely unclear. However, such information has significant clinical implications because it may enable targeted therapeutic manipulations designed to accelerate osseous regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF in distraction osteogenesis according to different distraction rates in a rabbit's mandible. When twenty-four adult rabbits underwent open osteotomy between the premolar and mental foramen, an external bilateral distraction device was applied. Latency was allowed for five days before distraction. Three different distraction rates were 0.7 mm/day (A, n=8), 1.4 mm/day (B, n=8) and 2.4 mm/day (C, n=8). The distraction device was activated with the same distraction rhythms of twice a day until 4.9 mm (A & B group) and 8.4 mm (C group) length gains was achieved. The animals were sacrificed at postoperative 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The bony specimens were stained with H&E for histologic examination, and RT-PCR analysis was done for the identification of the expression of TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF. The results obtained from this study were as follows : The 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rate groups were shown to improve regenerative bone formation on radiographic and histologic examination. Also, TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF expression increased in the 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rate groups. But the 2.4 mm/day distraction rate group specimen was different with adjacent normal bone and hardly expressed of growth factors. These findings suggest that improved new bone formation in the 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rates is associated with enhanced expression of TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF by mechanical tension stress. Additionally, the 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rate groups were significantly different from the 2.4 mm/day distraction rate group in the expression of growth factors. According to the above results, it seems possible to apply a distraction rate of up to 1.4 mm/day a day in rabbit's mandible. And further studies are needed to evaluate growth factors of TGF-$\beta$1 and IGF-I, which are excellent in expression.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.391-399
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• 2004

Distraction osteogenesis has been thought to be promising technique for replacing bone graft in maxilla and mandible. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of osteonectin on distraction osteogenesis. Sixteen rabbits were used for this experiment. Osteotomy was performed between premolar and mental foramen. On the experimental group, distraction device was connected to the respective bone segments. On the control group, bone segments were fixed using plate and screws after osteotomy. Distraction was carried out at the rate of 0.7mm per day to obtain a 4.9mm elongation on the experimental group. After 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days two rabbits of each group were sacrificed. The results obtained from this study were as follow : Experimental group was observed that the gaps between the distracted bone edges were occupied by new bone. Expression of Osteonectin were detected throughout the experiment in both groups and Expression of Osteonectin were markedly increased during distraction and consolidation period in experimental group than control group. From these results, it could be stated that distraction was shown to improve and accelerate bone formation and mechanical stress like distraction has considerable effects on osteonectin.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2021

The automatic-spreader of bedding materials was developed to reduce labor cost, and to achieve successful biosecurity in duck houses. Algorithm of the device was designed to realize a concept of the automatic unmanned operation including entire processes such as loading and spreading of the bedding materials. From the field measurement, the relationship between the expected water content reduction and weight of bedding materials per unit area according to the operation condition of the devices was induced. In the case of the measurement of particulate matters during the process of spreading works, the results of using both conventional manual-spreader and automatic-spreader were exceeded the allowable limit of inhalable and respirable dust, respectively. But, workers using automatic-spreader could be free from harmful aero-condition because they did not stay inside the facility during the spreading works. In addition, from the Duck hepatitis virus PCR test, influence on pulmonary tissue of the duck was not found. It could be expected that the development of the automatic-spreader of bedding materials for duck house can contribute to the advancement of duck breeding facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.183-191
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• 2023

This study was conducted experimentally to investigate the surface temperature of the heat sink, the air temperature in the flow channel and the sample temperature by changing the channel number of channel type heat sink and the air flow rate when heating and cooling the bio sample. The target temperature of the sample was 15℃ or less as the minimum value and 82℃ or more as the maximum value. In this study, the channel number of the heat sink(N = 1, 2, 4, 5, 10) and the air flow rate(Q=25, 42, 54m³/min) were varied. The bio sample was replaced with water, and the volume of water is 4mL. The size of the heat sink is 80x73x150mm and the material is aluminum. When cooling the sample, the surface temperature, the air temperature and the sample temperature were highly dependent on the number of channels and the flow rate. However, when the sample is heated, the surface temperature, air temperature and sample temperature do not depend on the number of channels and the flow rate. It was found that the conditions for satisfying the minimum temperature of 15℃ or less when cooling the sample were the number of channels N≥5 and the flow rate Q≥42m³/min. When heating the sample, the conditions to satisfy the maximum temperature of 82℃ or more are the number of channels N≤5 and the air flow rate Q≤42m³/min.