• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2015

열전소자는 열에너지를 전기에너지로, 전기에너지를 열에너지로 직접 변환하는데 사용되는 소자로 자동차 온도조절 시트(Climate Control), 반도체(순환기, 냉각판), 바이오(혈액분석기, PCR, 시료온도싸이클 테스터기), 이학분야(스펙트로포토미터), 광학분야(CCD 쿨링, 적외선센서 냉각, 레이저다이오드 냉각, 포토다이오드 냉각, SHG레이저 냉각), 컴퓨터(CPU 냉각), 가전제품(김치냉장고, 소형냉장고, 냉온수기, 와인냉장고, 쌀통, 제습기), 산업분야(폐열발전기, 리모트 파워발전) 등 다양한 분야에 적용되고 있으며 새로운 시장을 창출하고 있다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2004

For the expression study of antioxidant isoenzyme genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, extensive searches for genes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) isoforms were performed through the GenBank database. The genes for two cytosolic and one plastidic CuZn-SOD, one Fe-SOD, two Mn-SOD, two cytosolic and two chloroplastic (stromal and thylakoid) APX, and three CAT isoforms were available in japonica-type rice. These isoforms were named as cCuZn-SOD1, cCuZn-SOD2, pCuZn-SOD, Fe-SOD, Mn-SOD1, Mn-SOD2, cAPXa, cAPXb, Chl_sAPX, Chl_tAPX, CATa, CATb, and CATc, respectively. Since they shared a high degree of homology in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences, the gene-specific primers for the genes were designed directly from their full-length cDNAs found in the database except for the CATa gene. These primers were used in the RT-PCR analysis to investigate the differential expression of antioxidant isoenzyme genes in rice plants from the seeds irradiated with low doses (2, 4, 8, and 16 Gy) of gamma-radiation. The gammairradiation slightly increased the transcripts of pCuZn-SOD, while those of Fe-SOD, cAPXb, and CATb decreased. However, no substantial differences were observed in the expression of all the isoenzyme genes between the control and irradiated groups. In this study, gene specific primers for thirteen SOD, APX and CAT isoenzymes were constructed from the full-length cDNAs. The results of RT-PCR analysis obtained by using these primers suggests that the expression levels of SOD, APX, and CAT isoenzyme genes in rice seedlings were hardly affected by gamma-irradiation at the seed stage.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.405-415
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• 2000

Objective: The present study was undertaken to synthesize a human Y chromosome specific probe and to confirm the usefulness of the probe for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in various types of human cells. Methods: An approximately 400 bp DNA fragment of the DYZ1 sequences was synthesized by PCR using digoxigenin labeled dUTP (dig-PCR). The fidelity of probe was tested by FISH for cultured and uncultured human lymphocytes, amniocytes, chorionic villus cells, embryos, sperms, and germ cells of seminiferous tubule. Results: The human Y chromosome specific probe hybridized specifically to Y chromosome of the cells that had been tested. This probe assigned to the Yq12 region where the DYZ1 repetitive sequence is concentrated. Conclusion: We have identified a human Y chromosome specific probe that hybridized specifically to the Y chromosome by FISH for various types of uncultured as well as cultured cells. Therefore FISH technique using human Y chromosome specific probe should be useful for clinical application as a diagnostic tool for the detection of human Y chromosome.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1062-1071
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• 2018

The misuse of anabolic hormones or illegal drugs is a ubiquitous problem in animal husbandry and in food safety. The ban on growth promotants in food producing animals in the European Union is well controlled. However, application regimens that are difficult to detect persist, including newly designed anabolic drugs and complex hormone cocktails. Therefore identification of molecular endogenous biomarkers which are based on the physiological response after the illicit treatment has become a focus of detection methods. The analysis of the 'transcriptome' has been shown to have promise to discover the misuse of anabolic drugs, by indirect detection of their pharmacological action in organs or selected tissues. Various studies have measured gene expression changes after illegal drug or hormone application. So-called transcriptomic biomarkers were quantified at the mRNA and/or microRNA level by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technology or by more modern 'omics' and high throughput technologies including RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). With the addition of advanced bioinformatical approaches such as hierarchical clustering analysis or dynamic principal components analysis, a valid 'biomarker signature' can be established to discriminate between treated and untreated individuals. It has been shown in numerous animal and cell culture studies, that identification of treated animals is possible via our transcriptional biomarker approach. The high throughput sequencing approach is also capable of discovering new biomarker candidates and, in combination with quantitative RT-qPCR, validation and confirmation of biomarkers has been possible. These results from animal production and food safety studies demonstrate that analysis of the transcriptome has high potential as a new screening method using transcriptional 'biomarker signatures' based on the physiological response triggered by illegal substances.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2005

Osmotic stress is one of major limiting factors in crop production. In particular, seasonal drought often causes the secondary disease in the field, resulting in severe reduction in both quality and productivity. Recent efforts have revealed that many genes encoding protein kinases play important roles in osmotic stress signal transduction pathways. Previously, the AtSIK (Arabidopsis thaliana Stress Inducible Kinase) mutants have shown to enhance tolerance to abiotic stresses, accompanying with higher expression of abiotic stress-related genes than did the wild-type plants. In this study, we have transformed potato (cv. Taedong Valley) with the AtSIK expression cassette. Both PCR and RT-PCR using AtSIK-specific primers showed stable integration and expression of the AtSIK gene in individual transgenic lines, respectively. Foliar application of herbicide ($Basta^{(R)}$) at commercial application rate (0.3% (v/v)) revealed another evidence of stable gene introduction of T-DNA which includes the bar gene for herbicide resistance. Overexpression of the AtSIK gene under dual CaMV35S promoter increased sensitivity to salt stress (300 mM NaCl), which was demonstrated by the reduction rate of chlorophyll contents in leaves of transgenic potato lines. These results suggest that possible increase of osmotic tolerance in potato plants may be achieved by antisense expression of AtSIK gene.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2009

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and fertility restoration have been utilized as valuable tools for $F_1$-hybrid seed production in many crops despite laborious breeding processes. Molecular markers for the selection of CMS-related genes help reduce the expenses and breeding times. A previously reported genomic region containing the Ppr-B gene, which is responsible for restoration of fertility and corresponds to the Rfo locus, was used to develop gene-based or so-called "functional" markers for allelic selection of the restorer-of-fertility gene (Rfo) in $F_1$-hybrid breeding of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Polymorphic sequences among Rfo alleles of diverse breeding lines of radish were examined by sequencing the Ppr-B alleles. However, presence of Ppr-B homolog, designated as Ppr-D, interferes on specific PCR amplification of Ppr-B in certain breeding lines. The organization of Ppr-D, resolved by genome walking, revealed extended homology with Ppr-B even in the promoter region. Interestingly, PCR amplification of Ppr-D was repeatedly unsuccessful in certain breeding lines implying the lack of Ppr-D in these radishes. Ppr-B could only be successfully amplified for analysis through designing primers based on the sequences unique to Ppr-B that exclude interference from Ppr-D gene. Four variants of Rfo alleles were identified from 20 breeding lines. A combination of three molecular markers was developed in order to genotype the Rfo locus based on polymorphisms among four different variants. These markers will be useful in facilitating $F_1$-hybrid cultivar development in radish.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has rapidly escalated in Asia (including Korea) due to increasing westernized diet patterns subsequent to industrialization. Factors associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are demonstrated to be one of the major causes of IBD. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum) on ER stress. MATERIALS/METHODS: Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell line and polarized Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells were treated with crude extract of the L. chinense fruit (LF). Paracellular permeability was measured to examine the effect of tight junction (TJ) integrity. The regulatory pathways of ER stress were evaluated in MEF knockout (KO) cell lines by qPCR for interleukin (IL) 6, IL8 and XBP1 spliced form (XBP1s). Immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP), XBP1s and CCAAT/enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP) expressions were measured by RT-PCR. Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM) at high resolution was applied to observe morphological changes after treatments. RESULTS: Exposure to LF extract strengthened the TJ, both in the presence and absence of inflammation. In polarized Caco-2 pretreated with LF, induction in the expression of proinflammatory marker IL8 was not significant, whereas ER stress marker XBP1s expression was significantly increased. In wild type (wt) MEF cells, IL6, CHOP and XBP1 spliced form were dose-dependently induced when exposed to $12.5-50{\mu}g/mL$ extract. However, absence of XBP1 or $IRE1{\alpha}$ in MEF cells abolished this effect. CONCLUSION: Results of this study show that LF treatment enhances the barrier function and reduces inflammation and ER stress in an $IRE1{\alpha}$-XBP1-dependent manner. These results suggest the preventive effect of LF on healthy intestine, and the possibility of reducing the degree of inflammatory symptoms in IBD patients.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.299-309
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of pre-applied orthodontic force on the regeneration of periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues and the underlying mechanisms in tooth replantation. Methods: Orthodontic force (50 cN) was applied to the left maxillary first molars of 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 32); the right maxillary first molars were left untreated to serve as the control group. After 7 days, the first molars on both sides were fully luxated and were immediately replanted in their original sockets. To verify the effects of the pre-applied orthodontic force, we assessed gene expression by using microarray analysis and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cell proliferation by using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunofluorescence staining, and morphological changes by using histological analysis. Results: Application of orthodontic force for 7 days led to the proliferation of PDL tissues, as verified on microarray analysis and PCNA staining. Histological analysis after replantation revealed less root resorption, a better arrangement of PDL fibers, and earlier regeneration of periodontal tissues in the experimental group than in the control group. For the key genes involved in periodontal tissue remodeling, including CXCL2, CCL4, CCL7, MMP3, PCNA, OPG, and RUNX2, quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that messenger RNA levels were higher at 1 or 2 weeks in the experimental group. Conclusions: These results suggest that the application of orthodontic force prior to tooth replantation enhanced the proliferation and activities of PDL cells and may lead to higher success rates with fewer complications.

• 식물병연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2020

바이러스의 정확한 진단법 확립은 바이러스의 피해 및 확산을 예방하는데 매우 중요하게 작용한다. 대부분의 딸기 바이러스는 조직내에 낮은 역가로 분포하여 진단이 어렵고, 특히 딸기 조직은 다당류 및 페놀화합물의 함유가 많아 RNA 추출이 어려운 것으로 알려져 있다. 딸기 우량묘 생산에 필요한 바이러스 검정기술을 확립하기 위해 본 연구에서는 딸기 잎에서 바이러스 진단을 위해 가장 최적의 RNA 추출방법 정립을 위해 다양한 상용 키트와 시약을 이용하여 RNA 추출효율 비교하였다. 바이러스 진단을 통한 RNA 추출효율을 분석하기 위해 SMoV 감염주인 미홍 딸기 품종을 이용하여 다양한 단계에서 잎조직으로부터 RNA를 추출하고 바이러스 진단을 수행하였다. 식물 RNA 추출 방법 가운데 상업용으로 판매되는 RNeasy plant mini kit (Qiagen)를 이용하는 경우 본 연구에서 살펴본 one-step 또는 two-step RT-PCR 방법과 무관하게 SMoV의 검출이 잘 되었다. 또한, 딸기 우량묘의 바이러스 검정에 대한 신뢰있는 진단방법을 구축하기 위해 주요 딸기 바이러스인 strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV), strawberry mottle virus (SMoV), strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), strawberry crinkle virus (SCV), strawberry pallidosis associated virus (SPaV), strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) 및 strawberry necrotic shock virus (SNSV) 7종에 대한 유전자 합성을 통해 진단클론을 제작하였다. 각 클론의 합성유전자를 기반으로 7종의 딸기바이러스 프라이머 세트를 설계하고 편리한 진단법 수행을 위해 동일한 PCR 조건을 설정하였다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1998

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I is a common severe autosomal recessive inherited neuromuscular disorder that has been mapped to chromosome 5q11.2-13.3. The survival motor neuron (SMN) gene, a candidate gene, is known to be deleted in 96% of patients with SMA type I. Presently, PCR and single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analyses have been made possible for application to both archival slides and paraffin-embedded tissues. Archival materials represent valuable DNA resources for genetic diagnosis. We applied these methods for the identification of SMN gene of SMA type I in archival specimens for the prenatal diagnosis. In this study, we performed the prenatal diagnosis with chorionic villus sampling (CVS) cells on two women who had experienced neonatal death of SMA type I. DNA extraction was done from archival slide and tissue materials and PEP-PCR was performed using CVS cells. In order to identify common deletion region of SMN and neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein (NAIP) genes, cold PCR-SSCP and PCR-restriction site assay were carried out. Case 1 had deletions of the exons 7 and 8, and case 2 had exon 7 only on the telomeric SMN gene. Both cases were found to be normal on NAIP gene. These results were the same for both CVS and archival biopsied specimens. In both cases, the fetuses were, therefore, predicted to be at very high risk of being affected and the pregnancy were terminated. These data clearly demonstrate that archival slide and paraffin-embedded tissues can be a valuable source of DNA when the prenatal genetic diagnosis is needed in case any source for genetic analysis is not readily available due to previous death of the fetus or neonate.