• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 1999

To assess present status of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination in Kyeonggi Bay, Namyang Bay, and Lake Shihwa, 63 sediment samples were analyzed and applied to equilibrium partitioning approach. Sediment quality criteria (SQC) for exposure to Kanechlor mixture (KC-mix) was calculated as a value of 16 ${\mu}$g/g-organic carbon (OC). Two sites (Sites Kl8 and Kl9) within Incheon North Harbor (INH) with total PCBs concentrations 48 and 38 ${\mu}$g/g-OC, respectively, exceeded SQC, indicating a potential of adverse biological effects. The advantage and disadvantage of equilibrium partitioning approach has been discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the most common environmental contaminants. Because of their recalcitrant properties and long-term toxicity, numerous studies have been performed. The toxicological concerns are focused on endocrinological effects of animal. Several different metabolites have been reported, including hydroxy PCBs, PCB quinones, and methylsulfonyl PCBs from animal tissues. However, details in plants have never been studied. It is well-known that plants can produce phytoalexin in response to chemical, physical, or pathological stress.METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the several PCBs and hydroxy derivatives were prepared by chemical syntheses. Their effects on secondary metabolite biosynthesis were determined in carrot roots. The levels of 6-methoxymellein were determined in several different treatments, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In general, the concentration of 6-methoxymellein reached a maximum at 2 days and gradually decreased to trace level at 5 days in control experiments. However, the effects of PCBs or hydroxy derivatives were highly dependent on compounds. For example, the maximum concentrations of 6-methoxymellein were observed at 3 days for 2-hydroxy/4-hydroxybiphenyl, while 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybiphenyl showed a rapid accumulation within 1 day, followed by rapid dissipation to undetectable levels.CONCLUSION: Biphenyl derivatives were effective elicitor of 6-methoxymellein accumulation. In general, hydroxybiphenyls (phenols) more efficiently induced phytoalexin biosynthesis than those without hydroxy groups. It can be concluded that PCBs or their possible metabolites could change the plant secondary metabolism.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2010

Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides was studied in sediment dwelling bivalves, Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum), collected from the midwestern coast of Korea. As witnessed by the dominance of tetra- to penta-chlorinated congeners in sediments and the penta- to hexa-chlorinated congener dominance in clams, the profile of PCBs in the sediments and Manila clams differed. Lipid and organic carbon-normalized biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were determined for organochlorine pesticides. BSAFs of $\beta$-hexachlorocyclohexane ($\beta$-HCH) and $\Sigma$DDTs were in the range of 0.06~1.36 and 0.31~1.06. No clear relationships were found between BSAFs of $\Sigma$DDTs in Manila clams and the concentrations of DDTs in the associated sediment. The accumulated PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were compared in Manila clams and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) collected from 3 sites. Highly chlorinated PCBs were more commonly found in oyster tissues than in clam tissues. The reasons for the different accumulation pattern of organic pollutants in the two organisms are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2004

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.272-281
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• 1995

The residual Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in the sediment of the Kumho River basin were measured because the Nakdong River was considered to be affected by the environmental quality of Kumho River. PCBs in the sediment were chlorinated and converted into Decachlorinated biphenyl(DCB) which showed the single peak in the GC-ECD chromatogram. The detectable concentrations of PCBs was 0.5ng/g in the sediment. PCBs in the 21 sediment samples was of Kumho River located at 7.5km from conjunction of Nakdong River were not detected from 100 samples. 49% of samples was showed lower than 50ng/g, and 9% did more than 400ng/g. The mean of PCBs concentrations was 131ng/g. The means of COD and organic carbon were 14.5mg/g and 3.41%, respectively. The relationship between PCBs were concentration and the distance from conjunction with Nakdong River was not significant. The concentration of PCBs were varied with the depth of the sediment down to the 250cm depth. The concentrations of PCBs in the depth 0-20cm and 50-90cm were higher than the mean concentration of PCBs. Along the cross of the stream, the concentrations of PCBs were 142ng/g at the center and 126 and 131ng/g at the river sides.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.100-105
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.94-95
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• 2000

PCBs(polychlorinated biphenyls)와 BHCs(benzene hexachlorides)와 같은 SOCs(semivolatile organic compounds)는 모든 대륙에서 검출되어지고 있으며, 심지어 장거리 수송에 의해 청정지역인 북극에서도 검출되고 있다. 이들 성분들은 친지질성(lipophilic)으로 대부분이 가스상으로 존재하여 식물의 표면에 존재하는 지질(lipid)에 건성침착(dry deposition) 또는 습성 침착(wet deposition)된다. 이렇게 침착된 성분들의 농도는 대기중 농도와 밀접한 관계가 있다고 보고되고 있다(천만영,1998; Simonich and Mites, 1995). (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.159-160
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• 2001

반휘발성 유기화합물(Semivolatile organic compounds ; 이하 SOCs)은 높은 증기압과 낮은 반응성 때문에 지구 전역에 폭넓게 존재하고 있다. SOCs중 Polychlorinatd Biphenyls(이하 PCBs)는 난분해성 및 친지질성에 특성으로 환경중에서 순환하기 때문에 최근들어 많은 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 이들 대부분은 태초의 환경과 모든 matrix(예, 토양, 식물, 대기, 수계 등)에서 발견되어 지고 있다. (중략)

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2007

Atmospheric levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at the King Sejong station were monitored for one year using passive air samplers. Low-chlorinated PCB homologues were predominant in all samples. PCB levels were observed to decrease with distance from the station, which may indicate that a significant part of PCBs could be of local origin. Although the level of PCBs at the King Sejong station is very low (${\Sigma}_9PCB$ (18, 52, 101, 118, 128, 138, 153, 180, 187): $2.3\;pg\;m^{-3}$) probably due to decrease in the global PCB emissions, it is one order of magnitude higher than a background level in the Antarctic. Based on this preliminary study, more interpretation on PCB data and meteorological conditions is required.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2012

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and bioaccumulative environmental pollutants. Recently, it is suggested that neurotoxic effects such as motor dysfunction and impairment in memory and learning have been associated with PCB exposure. However, structure relationship of PCB congeners with neurotoxic effects remains unknown. Since PKC signaling pathway is implicated in the modulation of motor behavior as well as learning and memory and the role of PKC are subspecies-specific, we attempted to study the effects of structurally distinct PCBs on the total PKC activity as well as subspecies of PKC in cerebellar granule cell culture model. Cells were exposed to 0, 25 and 50 ${\mu}M$ of PCB-126, PCB-169, PCB-114, PCB-157, PCB-52 and PCB-4 for 15 min. Cells were subsequently analyzed by [$^3H$] phorbol ester binding assay or immunoblotted against PKC-${\alpha}$ and -${\varepsilon}$ monoclonal antibodies. While non-dioxin-like-PCB (PCB-52 and PCB-4) induced a translocation of PKC-${\alpha}$ and -${\varepsilon}$ from cytosol to membrane fraction, dioxin-like PCBs (PCB-126, -169, -114, -157) had no effects. [$^3H$] Phorbol ester binding assay also revealed structure-dependent increase similar to translocation of PKC isozymes. While PCB-4 induced translocation of PKC-${\alpha}$ and -${\varepsilon}$ was inhibited by ROS inhibitor, the pattern of translocation was not affected in presence of AhR inhibitor. It is suggested that PCB-4-induced PKC activity may not be mediated via AhR-dependent pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that chlorination of ortho-position in PCB may be a critical structural moiety associated with neurotoxic effects, which may be preferentially mediated via non-AhR-dependent pathway. Therefore, the present study may contribute to understanding the neurotoxic mechanism of PCBs as well as providing a basis for establishing a better neurotoxic assessment.