• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.114-118
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• 2004

It is reported that $(1R,9S)-{\beta}-Hydrastine$ hydrochloride (BHSH) decreased the intracellular dopamine content by inhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in PC12 cells. In this study, the inhibitory mechanisms on TH activity by BHSH in PC12 cells were investigated. BHSH treatment caused a reduction of TH activity and TH mRNA level in a dose-dependent manner. After the treatment of $20\;{\mu}M$ BHSH, TH activity and TH mRNA content were reduced at 15 min, reached the minimal levels at 6-24 h, and then recovered gradually to the control level. BHSH at $10-50\;{\mu}M$ caused a decrease in the basal intracellular cyclic AMP levels at 10 min in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, BHSH at $20-100\;{\mu}M$ decreased the basal intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration $([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ immediately in a dose-dependent manner. BHSH also inhibited the 56 mM $K^+ $ depolarization-induced elevation in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and blocked caffeine-activated store-operated $Ca^{2+}$ entry in PC12 cells. These data suggest that BHSH inhibits TH activity and TH gene expression, in part, through reducing cyclic AMP content and basal $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in PC12 cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.1 s.132
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• pp.55-59
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• 2003

The effects of liriodenine, an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid, on dopamine content in PCl2 cells were investigated. Treatment of PC12 cells with liriodenine decreased dopamine content in a dose-dependent manner (33.6% inhibition at $10\;{\mu}M$ for 12 h). The $IC_{50}$ in value of liriodenine was $8.4\;{\mu}M$. Dopamine content decreased at 3 h and reached a minimal level at 12 h after the exposure to liriodenine. Under these conditions, the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase were also inhibited at $10\;{\mu}M$ of liriodenine by 10.1% and 20.2% relative to control, respectively. In addition, liriodenine inhibited the increase in dopamine content induced by L-DOPA Treatments $(50-100\;{\mu}M)$ in PC12 cells. These results suggest that liriodenine inhibited dopamine biosynthesis and L-DOPA-induced increase in dopamine content by reducing the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and aromatic L- amino acid decarboxylase in PC12 cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.329-335
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• 2006

This study was aimed to investigate the nitric oxide (NO)-induced cytotoxic mechanism in PC12 cells. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, decreased the viability of PC12 cells in dose-and time-dependent manners. SNP enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gave rise to apoptotic morphological changes including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation. Expression of Bax was not affected, whereas Bcl-2 was downregulated in SNP-treated PC12 cells. SNP augmented the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol and enhanced caspase -8, -9, and -3 activities. SNP upregulated both Fas and Fas-L, which are known to be components of death receptor assembly. These results suggest that NO induces apoptosis of PC12 cells through both mitochondria-and death receptor-mediated pathways mediated by ROS and Bcl-2 family.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.273-286
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• 2021

Background: Prostate carcinoma is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Developing new therapeutic approaches and diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer (PC) is a significant need. The Chinese herbal medicine Panax quinquefolius saponins (PQS) have been reported to show anti-tumor effects. We hypothesized that PQS exhibits anti-cancer activity in human PC cells and we aimed to search for novel biomarkers allowing early diagnosis of PC. Methods: We used the human PC cell line DU145 and the prostate epithelial cell line PNT2 to perform cell viability assays, flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle, and FACS-based apoptosis assays. Microarray-based gene expression analysis was used to display specific gene expression patterns and to search for novel biomarkers. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to demonstrate the expression levels of multiple cancer-related genes. Results: Our data showed that PQS inhibited the viability of DU145 cells and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. A significant decrease in DU145 cell invasion and migration were observed after 24 h treatment by PQS. PQS up-regulated the expression levels of p21, p53, TMEM79, ACOXL, ETV5, and SPINT1 while it down-regulated the expression levels of bcl2, STAT3, FANCD2, DRD2, and TMPRSS2. Conclusion: PQS promoted cells apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of DU145 cells, which suggests that PQS may be effective for treating PC. TMEM79 and ACOXL were expressed significantly higher in PNT2 than in DU145 cells and could be novel biomarker candidates for PC diagnosis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2000

We have synthesized a novel platinum(II) coordination complex containing cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as a carrier ligand and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) as a leaving group. In addition, nitrate was added to improve the water-solubility. A new series of [Pt(cis-DACH)(DCE)] $2NO_3(PC)$ was evaluated for its cytotoxic activity on T-24 and J-82 human bladder carcinoma cells and normal primary cultured kidney cells. PC has demonstrated high levels of cytotoxicity against T-24 and J-82 cells. The cytotoxicity of PC against rabbit proximal renal tubular cells, human renal cortical cells and human renal cortical tissues, determined using the MTT assaying technique, the $[^3H]-thymidine$ uptake and glucose consumption tests, was found to be quite less than those of cisplatin. Based on these results, this novel platinum(II) coordination complex appears to be better for improving antitumor activities with low nephrotoxicity and is a valuable lead in the development of new clinically available anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.399-405
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• 2000

We have synthesized a novel platinum (II) coordination complex containing trans-ι-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as a carrier ligand and 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) as a leaving group. In addition, nitrate was added to improve the water-solubility. A new series of [Pt (trans-ι-DACH) (DPPE)].2NO$_3$(PC) was evaluated for its cytotoxic activity on MKN-45 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and normal primary cultured kidney cells. PC has demonstrated high levels of cytotoxicity against MKN-45/S, MKN-45/ADR and MKN-45/CDDP cells. The cytotoxicity of PC against rabbit proximal renal tubular cells, human renal cortical cells, and human renal cortical tissues, determined using the MTT assaying technique, the ($^3$H)-thymidine uptake and the glucose consumption tests, was found to be quite less than those of cisplatin. Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) coordination complex appears to be better for improving antitumor activities with low nephrotoxicity and is a valuable lead in the development of new clinically available anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.512-515
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• 2016

A new viologen derivative namely 1,1'-bis(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium bromide (V-Pr-2OH) was synthesized and applied as a cathode buffer layer to inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on the blend of PTB7 : $PC_{71}BM$. PSCs with the structure of ITO/V-Pr-2OH/PTB7 : $PC_{71}BM/MoO_3/Ag$ as the cathode buffer layer showed the power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 7.28%, which is comparable to that of the PSCs with the structure of ITO/ZnO/PTB7 : $PC_{71}BM/MoO_3/Ag$ (7.44%) in the absence of V-Pr-2OH. This study demonstrates that a highly efficient PSCs without any high temperature heat treatment can be obtained.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.4 s.143
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• pp.291-298
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• 2005

Anti-hyperglycemic effects of 17 medicinal plants that have been used for ameliorating diabetes in oriental medicine were evaluated using glucose transport assay in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Higher activities were obtained by treating water or alcohol extract of Phellodendri Cortex (PC), which showed enhancing effects both on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The latter effect of PC was completely inhibited by wortmannin, a specific inhibitor for phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), but not affected by SB203580, A specific inhibitor for p38 mitogen-activatedprotein kinase(MAPK). Genistein, an inhibitor for tyrosine kinases, abolished the PC effects completely. Treatment of vanadate, an inhibitor for tyrosine phosphatases, together with PC showed no significant synergic enhancement in glucose uptake. The results of inhibitors associated with insulin signaling pathway indicated that extracts of PC enhance glucose uptake by PI-3 kinase activation which is an upstream event for GLUT4 translocation. Antidiabetic effects of PC extract might be also due to enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation and reduced tyrosine dephosphorylation. In addition, PC accelerated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant cells, recovering the uptake level close to that of normal cells. These findings may offer a new way to utilize extracts of PC as novel anti-hyperglycemic agents.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of water extracts from Thujae Semen(TSW) in PC12 cells. Methods : We performed 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2-azinobis- (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS) cation scavenging assay, and determination of total polyphenolic content to examine the antioxidant effects of TSW. We also carried out 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay(MTT), reactve oxygen species(ROS) assay, and nitric oxide(NO) assay to examine neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) in PC12 cells. Results : TSW showed $IC_{50}$ values of 404.3 and 219.9 ${\mu}g/mL$ in DPPH and in ABTS assays, respectively. TSW showed 9.74 ${\mu}g/mL$ of total polyphenol contents. TSW incresed cell viability in a dose dependent manner and it showed protective effect against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity at the concentration of 25-200 ${\mu}g/mL$. Moreover, it recovered 6-OHDA induced cell death at the same concentrations. The extract showed a dose dependent reduction of ROS and NO generation by 6-OHDA. Conclusions : We concluded that TSW has neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity in PC12 cells through ROS and NO inhibition.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.104-108
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• 2004

Five lignans including gomisin N (1), wuweizisu C (2), gomisin L1 (3), (+)-deoxyschizandrin (4), and gomisin J (5) have been isolated from the fruits of Schizandra chinensis. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analyzing MS and NMR spectra. Effects of the compounds isolated in this study on the dopamine content in PC12 cells were investigated to evaluate their inhibitory effectiveness. The gomisin N, wuweizisu C, and gomisin J showed 25.4%, 39.8%, and 35.1 %, respectively, inhibition effect on dopamine content in PC12 cells at the concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/ml$.