• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.2A
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• pp.90-97
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• 2005

Generally, DAB systems are divided into two categories, a stand-alone type and a PC/PDA-based type. The PC/PDA-based type has less mobility comparing to the stand-alone type, nevertheless, it has the advantage of using memory, audio/video decoder, or other resources of PC/PDA. The DAB receiver implemented in this paper is a PC-based receiver system employing USB interface. The USB interface bridge is designed using FPGA and EZ-USB development kit and the implemented DAB receiver adopts the bridge and makes use of the stand-alone typed DRK-026 receiver for experiments. The USB interface bridge transforms serial data into USB packets and all of related signals are controlled by hardware logics. The operation of the implemented DAB receiver is verified by sending audio data into the PC for decoding through USB interface bridge.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.574-576
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• 2005

정보통신 기기의 발전하면서 소형화, 경량화와 함께 이동성을 갖춘 다양한 차세대 PC 기기들이 나타나고 있다. 기존의 마우스나 키보드를 통한 인터페이스뿐만 아니라 음성, 펜, 제스처 등을 이용한 멀티모달 인터페이스에 대한 요구가 증대되면서 이에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 또한 최근의 음성 처리 기술이 발전하고 단말기의 성능이 개선되면서 음성을 이용한 인터페이스에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 브라우저에서 음성 지원을 위해 제안된 SALT를 기반으로 하여 사용자와 음성 인터페이스가 가능한 음성 브라우저를 설계하고 구현한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.513-518
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• 1998

In Half Precast Concrete Method, such as composite slab and composite wall, Interface between half PC plate and cast-in-place concrete is occurred. And this interface endure lastly in-plane shear which is occurred by external force. Therefore, test was executed to study in-plane shear strength of interface between half PC plate and cast-in-place concrete. In this test, Experimental parameters are finishing condition of the interface, cohesion of concrete, existence and nonexistence of re-bar truss, and angle and direction of lattice of re-bar truss. Comparing and analyzing experimental results, conclusions are obtained as follows. (1) In-plane shear strength of wide interface in composite plate is more affected by the roughness of interface than re-bar truss. And cohesion of concrete contribute to increasing in-plane shear strength. Therefore it seems that the interface should be roughen and kept clean to improve in-plane shear strength. (2) It seems that shear friction equation in ACI code can be sagely available for design of in-plane shear of composite plate.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.350-356
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• 2005

We report the space charge and the surface potential of the interface between metal and copper(Ⅱ)-phthalocyanine(CuPc) thin films by measuring the microwave reflection coefficients S/sub 11/ of thin films using a near-field scanning microwave microscope(NSMM). CuPc thin films were prepared on Au and Al thin films using a thermal evaporation method. Two kinds of CuPc thin films were prepared by different substrate heating conditions; one was deposited on preheated substrate at 150。C and the other was annealed after deposition. The microwave reflection coefficients S/sub 11/ of CuPc thin films were changed by the dependence on grain alignment due to heat treatment conditions and depended on thickness of CuPc thin films. Electrical conductivity of interface between metal and organic CuPc was changed by the space charge of the interface. By comparing reflection coefficient S/sub 11/ we observed the electrical conductivity changes of CuPc thin films by the changes of surface potential and space charge at the interface.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.351-356
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• 2014

The electronic structure at organic-organic interface gives essential information on device performance such as charge transport and mobility. Especially, the molecular orientation of organic material can affect the electronic structure at interface and ultimately the device performance in organic photovoltaics. The molecular orientation is examined by the change in ionization potential (IP) for metal phthalocyanines (MPc, M=Zn, Cu)/fullerene ($C_{60}$) interfaces on ITO by adding the CuI templating layer through ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. On CuPc/$C_{60}$ bilayer, the addition of CuI templating layer represents the noticeable change in IP, while it hardly affects the electronic structure of ZnPc/$C_{60}$ bilayer. The CuPc molecules on CuI represent relatively lying down orientation with intermolecular ${\pi}-{\pi}$ overlap being aligned in vertical direction. Consequently, in organic photovoltaics consisting of CuPc and $C_{60}$ as donor and acceptor, respectively, the carrier transport along the direction is enhanced by the insertion of CuI templaing layer. In addition, optical absorption in CuPc molecules is increased due to aligned transition matrix elements. Overall the lying down orientation of CuPc on CuI will improve photovoltaic efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.526-530
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• 2004

We report the space charge and the surface potential of the interface between metal and CuPc according to isotropic property and different metal by measuring the microwave reflection coefficients $S_{11}$ of copper(II)-phthalocyanine(CuPc) thin films by using a near-field microwave microscope(NSMM) in order to understand. CuPc thin films were prepared on gold and aluminium substrates using a thermal evaporation method. Two kinds of CuPc thin films were prepared. One was deposited on preheated substrate at $150^{\circ}C$ and the other was annealed after deposition by using thermal evaporation methods. The microwave reflection coefficients $S_{11}$ of CuPc thin films were changed by the dependence on the heat treatment conditions. By comparing reflection coefficient $S_{11}$ we measured electrical conductivity of CuPc thin films and studied this results with respect to the surface potential and space charge of the interface between metal and CuPc thin films.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.270-281
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• 2022

Based on the transfer-matrix method (TMM), we report the characteristics of the interface states in one-dimensional (1D) composite structures consisting of two photonic crystals (PCs) composed of binary dielectrics A and B, with unit-cell configurations ABA (PC I) and BAB (PC II). The dependence of the interface states on the number of unit cells N and the boundary factor x are displayed. It is verified that the interface states are independent of N when the PC has inversion symmetry (x = 0.5). Besides, the composite structures support the formation of interface states independent of the PC symmetry, except that the positions of the interface states will be varied within the photonic band gaps. Moreover, the robustness of the interface states against nonuniformities is investigated by adding Gaussian noise to the layer thickness. In the case of inversion symmetry (x = 0.5) the most robust interface states are achieved, while for the other cases (x ≠ 0.5) interface states decay linearly with position inside the band gap. This work could shed light on the development of robust photonic devices.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.301-310
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• 2003

The interface design of mobile products has become a hot issue recently as a variety of products are being developed for extended usages. There have been two different views on interface design of mobile products like PDAs(personal digital assistants) or cellular phone. One 치aims that the current interface design of PC cannot be directly applied because mobile products have their own specific functions and requirements. On the meantime, the other argues that an extended application of PC metaphors to mobile products can have advantages because users'PC experiences can reduce the learning efforts and thus contribute to intuitive understanding mobile products. In this research, two types of PDAs, developed according to the aforementioned conflicting philosophies were compared and evaluated, based on laboratory-based usability testing conducted by novice users. The experiment consists of asking subjects to perform identical tasks for the two different types of products. The interaction data collected during usability testing were analyzed in terms of time taken, rate of success of tasks and errors. The experiment shows that there were some meaningful effects of users'experience of PC on the usability of PDAs.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07d
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• pp.1821-1823
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• 2006

This paper presents a development of interface device for electro-oculogram(EOG) signal and it's application to the wireless mouse of wearable PC. The interface device is composed of five bio-electrodes for detecting oculomotor motion, several band-pass filters, instrumentation amplifier and a microprocessor. we have first analyzed impedance characteristics between skin and a bio-electrode. since the impedance highly depends on human face, it's magnitude differs from person. this interface device was applied to develop a wireless mouse for wearable PC, as a Bio Machine Interface(BMI). Where in the prompt on PC monitor is controlled by only EOG signals. this system was implemented in a Head Mount Display(HMD) unit. experimental results show the accuracy of above 90%.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.652-663
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• 1996

In this paper, we analyze the blocking probability of a call in a PC communication network. In a PC communication network, a call generated from the PSTN (public switched telephone network) requests the connection to the ICPS(information communication processing system) which interconnects the the PSTN and the PSDN(packet switched data network). Then, as a second step, a packet call is requested to the specific service database attached in the PSDN. The call blocking probabilies are analyzed for these two interface points, the PSTN interface ports of the ICPS and the PSDN interface link of the database. We also present some numerical results to show the effects of the system parameters on the performance of the network. The results show the effects of the capacity of each interface point on the performance point.