• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2006

This research was conducted to determine the plant growth and nutrient contents of potted chrysanthemum 'Lima Honey' as influenced by application rate of fused superphosphate (FSSP) in three root media, peatmoss+vermiculite (1:1, v/v; PV), peatmoss+composted rice hall (1:1, v/v; PR), and peatmoss+composted pine bark (1:1, v/v; PB). All root media contained polyacrylic acid sodium salt at a rate of $4.5g L^{-1}$. The treatment of $1.4g L^{-1}$ in PV and those of $0.7g L^{-1}$ in PR and PB had the greatest fresh and dry weights in each root medium at both 43 and 80 days after transplanting. Elevated application rates of FSPP increased tissue contents of N, P, and K at both 43 and 80 days after transplanting in PV medium. However, the differences in tissue contents of N, P and K in PR medium were less significant among treatments of FSPP. The pre-planting FSPP also less affected the tissue contents of nutrients at 80 days after transplanting as compared to those at 43 days after transplanting. Elevated application rates of FSPP in PV medium increased EC and the concentrations of $NO_3,\;P_2O_5$, K, Ca, and Mg in soil solution of root media at 43 days after transplanting. The EC in PV medium at 80 days after transplanting was higher than that at 43 days after transplanting. The EC in all root media at 80 days after transplanting was not different among treatments of FSPP.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2004

IV-VI족 화합물인 PbSnSe는 흥미 있는 물리적 특성을 가지고 있는 화합물 반도체로써 본 실험에서는 HWE 방법으로 성장시킨 PbSnSe 박막에 대한 특성을 조사하였다. 원료부와 열벽부 그리고 기판의 온도를 변화시키며 단결정 박막을 성장시켰다. Rutherford back scattering (RBS)을 측정하여 Pb:Sn:Se의 조성비를 확인하였다. 특히 좁은 에너지 대역을 측정하기에 매우 용이한 Fourier transform infra red (FT-IR)측정 장치를 이용하여 에너지 갭을 측정하였다. 박막의 표면 상태는 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 사진과 주사 전자 현미경 (SEM) 사진으로 관찰하여 결정구조와 성장 용도와의 연관성을 조사하였다. 광학 상수는 Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) 방법을 이용하여 박막의 광학 상수를 측정했다. PbSnSe 화합물 에피층 시료의 굴절률(n), 유전상수(${\varepsilon}$), 반사율(R) 그리고 흡수 계수(${\alpha}$)등 광학상수를 측정하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2012

시중 유통 소금 55건은 유형별로는 천일염 22건, 가공소금 17건, 재제소금 16건이었으며, 국산 33건, 수입 22건이었다. 수입국으로는 프랑스를 비롯하여 미국, 일본, 호주, 뉴질랜드, 아르헨티나였다. 식용소금 55건을 ICP-OES 및 Mercury analyzer를 이용하여 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 비소, 니켈, 알루미늄, 코발트, 수은을 분석한 결과 평균 $0.281{\pm}0.344$, $0.035{\pm}0.221$, $0.364{\pm}0.635$, $0.182{\pm}0.313$, $0.046{\pm}0.062$, $0.155{\pm}0.247$, $5.753{\pm}10.746$, $0.028{\pm}0.211$, $0.001{\pm}0.001$ mg/kg이 검출되었다. 납의 검출량은 천일염에서 가공소금, 재제소금보다 유의적인 수준으로 높았으며, 크롬과 니켈은 가공소금에서 다른 소금에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 알루미늄은 수입산 천일염과 가공소금에서 시료 간 큰 차이를 나타냈으며, 검출량이 높은 제품은 프랑스산으로 지역적인 영향이 큰 것으로 판단된다. 소금의 섭취 시 중금속에 대한 안전성을 평가하기 위해 소금을 통한 중금속의 주간섭취량과 FAO/WHO에서 제시하는 잠정주간섭취허용량(PTWI), 1인 1일 최대섭취허용량(PMTDI)과 미국 환경보호청(U.S. EPA)의 만성경구섭취 참고용량(RfD)과 비교하여 %PTWI를 구하였다. 금속별 주간섭취량은 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은 각각 평균 0.413(0.000~1.688), 0.026(0.000~0.505), 0.667 (0.000~5.519), 0.265(0.022~1.720), 0.002(0.000~0.005), ${\mu}g/kg$ bw/week이었으며, %PTWI는 납, 카드뮴, 크롬, 구리, 수은이 각각 1.652(0.000~6.754), 0.372(0.000~7.214), 3.177(0.000~26.279), 0.008(0.001~0.049), 0.031(0.000~0.094)%로 소금을 통한 중금속 섭취량은 안전한 수준으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 소금 제조에 따른 부산물인 간수를 사용해 두부를 제조하고 이의 수율과 미네랄 분석, 조직감 특성 및 관능평가를 실시하였다. 간수는 천일염 간수(SSB), 탈수염 간수(DSB), 함수(CSW) 및 숙성 천일염 간수(BSS)를 사용하였고 $10^{\circ}$ Brix의 두유에 대해 간수를 0.8~1,7%의 농도로 하여 10% (v/v) 부피로 첨가하여 두부를 제조하였다. BSS는 다른 간수에 비해 Na 함량이 1.5~2.0 배 더 높았으나 모든 간수의 Mg의 함량은 유사하였다. 두부 수율은 함수(CSW)를 제외하고 첨가량에 따른 유의차는 없었으나(p<0.05), 탈수염 간수(DSB)와 CSW가 가장 높았다. $MgCl_2$에 비해 간수를 사용한 두부에서 Na와 K의 함량이 높았고 간수 중 1.7%를 첨가한 경우를 제외하고 CSW로 제조한 두부에서 다른 간수와 달리 Pb가 검출되지 않았다. 두부의 기계적 물성 중 부착성은 사용한 간수에 따른 유의차는 없었으나 DSB와 CSW로 제조한 경우 견고성이 다른 응고제에 비해 낮았다. 관능평가 결과, 전체적인 기호도와 부드러운 조직감 항목에서 $MgCl_2$에 비해 간수를 사용하여 제조한 두부가 높게 평가받았고 특히 CSW로 제조한 두부가 가장 부드러운 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 CSW는 수율이 높고 부드럽고 맛이 좋으며 중금속 함량이 낮은 두부를 제조하는데 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.72-83
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• 1989

Twenty-five atmospheric particulates were collected using a high volume aerosol sampler from Septermber to December, 1988 on a site located on the West coast of Korea and analysed for twelve elements (Na, Mg, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Ag, Cd, and Pb) by AAS. The particles being mainly crustal minerals, large quantity of spherical fly ashes were also observed. In order to identify the origin of trace metals in atmospheric particulates, enrichment factor, interelemental correlation and factor analysis were performed. Based upon these analysis, the twelve elements can be classified into three groups; the elements dominantly present in soil particles (Al, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni), those in sea salt aerosols (Na and Mg), and those in air pollution-derived particles (Cu, Cd, Pb, Ag and Zn).

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.244-248
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• 1990

The effect of Nd3+ on the electrical and optical properties in PZT ceramics were investigated. The powders were prepared by the coprecipitation method using the salt solutions and Nd3+ was partially substituted for Pb2+ of Pb(Zr0.54 Ti0.46)O3. The coprecipitate were obtained under pH 11.8-12 and the single phase of PLZT powders were synthesized at about 500$^{\circ}C$. In the case of specimens with 4at.% of Nd which were sintered at 1250$^{\circ}C$ for 55 hours under 1atm, showed 50% of transmittance for 600nm(wave length).

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1326-1329
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• 1997

In this paper, PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics were fabricated with various mole ratio of the PZT[$Pb(Zr_{1/2}Tid_{1/2})O_3$]. PNN [$Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$] and PZN[$Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$ powders prepared by double calcination and PZT powders prepared by molten-salt synthesis method. The formation rate of perovskite phase in PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics could be obtained about 92% at PZT 0.3 mole ratio. The relative permittivity of specimen with PZT 0.3 mole ratio was shown 5,320 and appeared the relaxor ferroelectric feature. The maximum piezoelectric coefficient $d_{31}$ to be used for evaluation the displacement of piezoceramics in PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics was $324{\times}10^{-12}$(C/V) at the vicinity of morphotropic phase boundary and was larger than that of solid PZT ceramics($120{\times}10^{-12}C/V$).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.727-738
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• 1999

Total 76 aerosol samples were collected at Sungsan in Cheju Inland by high volume air sample for 1 year, from May 1995 to April 1996, and were analyzed for major elements(Na, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe) and trace elements(Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, U) by ICP/AES and ICP/MS. This study aims to determine the concentrations of trace metals and their seasonal variations in the atmosphere of Cheju Island, where is the remote area from pollution sources and also is the midway of transport of Asian continental materials into the western North Pacific. The concentrations of Na and Mg contributed by sea-salt aerosols were similar to those in the western part of Cheju island(Kosan) and in the western coast of Korea(Mallipo). They showed the highest value in summer and the lowest in spring and winter. Crustal metals(Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Co, U) were 2~3 times lower than those of Mallipo. These metals showed the lowest values in summer and the highest in spring. Pollution-derived metals (Zn, Cd and Pb) were 2~4 times lower than those in Malipo. Some elemental ratios in aerosols grouped by three wind directions(north-northwest, east, and south-southwest) such as Fe/Al and Pb/Zn are presented as useful tracers indicating source areas, and their differentiation may be explained by geology and fuel types of source areas.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1330-1332
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• 1997

In this paper, PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics were fabricated with various mole ratio of the PZT[$Pb(Zr_{1/2}Tid_{1/2})O_3$]. PNN [$Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$] and PZN[$Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$ powders prepared by double calcination and PZT powders prepared by molten-salt synthesis method. The formation rate of perovskite phase in PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics could be obtained about 92% at PZT 0.3 mole ratio. The relative permittivity of specimen with PZT 0.3 mole ratio was shown 5,320 and appeared the relaxor ferroelectric feature. The maximum piezoelectric coefficient $d_{31}$ to be used for evaluation the displacement of piezoceramics in PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics was $324{\times}10^{-12}$(C/V) at the vicinity of morphotropic phase boundary and was larger than that of solid PZT ceramics($120{\times}10^{-12}C/V$).

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.206-210
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• 1997

In the fields of the optics, precise machine, semiconductors, the micro-positioning actuators are required for the control of position in the submicron range. PNN-P2N-PZT ceramics were fabricated with various mole ratio of the PZT[Pb(Zr$_{1}$2//Ti$_{1}$2)O$_3$]. PNN (Pb(Ni$_{1}$3/Nb$_{2}$3/)O$_3$]and PZN[Pb(Zn$_{1}$3//Nb/sbu 2/3/)O$_3$] powders prepared by double calcination and PZT powders prepared by molten- salt synthesis method. The relative permittivity of specimen with PZT 0.3 mole ratio was shown 5,320 and appeared the relaxor ferroelectric feature. The maximum Piezoelectric coefficient d$_{31}$ to be used for evaluation the displacement of piezoceramics in PNN-PZN-PZT ceramics was 324$\times$10$^{-12}$ (C/V) at the vicinity of morphotropic phase boundary and was larger than that of solid PZT ceramics(120$\times$10$^{-12}$ C/V).