• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to gauge the social willingness to pay for cognitive enhancement program for elders. Methods: The subjects of this study were 77 subjects >65-years-of-age. The data were collected by direct interviews. The measures of willingness to pay were open-ended question and referendum format. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$-test, and multiple regression. Results: Respondents were willing to pay 18,573 won for one use of a cognitive enhancement program for elders. The Monthly income was the only factor that statistically significantly affected willingness to pay. Conclusion: The findings will contribute to policy formulation regarding community based nursing program for elders.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2005

This study examined the differences on the amount of purchase of and willingness-to-pay more for organic products by socio-economic variables, knowledge and reliability of organic products, and concern for food. In addition the effects of the reliability and the price of organic products on the amount of purchase and willingness-to-pay more for organic products in the Path analysis. The results were below. First, consumers who had high education, were the age of 40's, high income, high level of knowledge and reliability for organic products were more likely to purchase organic products. Second, the level of willingness-to-pay more for organic Products were high when consumers with more than three children, not lowest level of health, and higher reliability. Third, the reliability of organic products impact the amount of purchase of organic products, but not the perception of organic products' price. Forth, both the reliability and the perception of those price impact the level of willingness-to-pay more for organic products.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2019

This study aims is to analyze of existing concepts of gender stereotypes and gender differences in wages, defining of gender pay gap determinants, and to evaluate the level of discrimination against women in Kazakhstan. This paper begins by reviewing trends in gender stereotypes and gender segregation during the past several decades. In this research, authors propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form of evaluation of gender pay gap. The developed methodological tools will allow providing authentic and formal analysis on gender pay gap and identifying the main determinants of gender pay differences. Further, the obtained results showed the distribution of wage gap in Kazakhstan's regions and the Duncan's dissimilation index allows us to trace the dynamics of changes in the professional structure between men and women. According to the results, gender pay gap is narrowing with the reduction of the job level and discrimination is related to differences in human capital and education. Wages in the industrial sector are higher for men than for women, because men's professions are characterized by severe and unhealthy working conditions. In addition, employers prefer male managers, but if they take woman managers, they give them salary 3 times less.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.6-23
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• 2021

This study analyzes overall honey consumption and purchasing behavior, and in particular, seeks to identify factors that influence the willingness to pay (WTP) for native honey. A survey of 500 South Korean consumers was conducted to understand their purchasing experiences and perceptions related to honey. A multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to comprehend the effect of the following factors on the willingness to pay for native honey: 1) knowledge of honey, 2) health consciousness, 3) the unhealthy = tasty intuition (UTI), and 4) positive perception of sweetness. As a result, consumers with more knowledge about honey, higher health consciousness and more positive perception of sweetness were more willing to pay for native honey. On the other hand, past honey purchasing or consuming experience had no significant impact on the willingness to pay for native honey. Marketing strategies and implications were derived from the characteristics of native honey consumers identified in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2022

This paper aimed at understanding the effect of infectious disease conditions on willingness to pay for the green roof implemented to reduce the urban heat island. For this purpose, the willingness to pay for the green roof under infectious disease and non-infectious disease conditions was calculated and comparatively analyzed using the contingent valuation method. As a result, there was a statistically significant difference in the willingness to pay according to the infectious disease condition, and it was confirmed that the willingness to pay for the infectious disease condition was lower than the non-infectious disease condition.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.111-119
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• 2022

Purpose: This study seeks to address the omission through examining the manner in which demographic similarity affects the responses of employees in the retail sector towards horizontal pay dispersion. Through doing so the study will be effective in bolstering the recent efforts of more careful exploration of conditions. Research design, data, and methodology: Scant past studies are available to guide for practitioners in retail sector which compensation strategy might lead adequate job performance for retail sales workers. To suggest possible solution, the present authors used variables of pay dispersion and obtained 317 US retail sale workers in distribution channels to measure the association between pay dispersion and employee job performance. Results: The statistical findings indicated both first and second hypothesis could be acceptable with favorable Beta and T values, resulting high degree of pay dispersion leads a low level of job performance, while a low degree of pay dispersion can motivate retail sales workers to improve their performance. Conclusions: The findings of this study raises an argument that processes of social comparison work in a more vigorous manner. This is thus a representation of the propensity of a retail sales worker to voluntarily resign from an organization when dispersion rates are higher.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.521-525
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• 2011

Although the Korean construction industry has risen rapidly, the quality of the buildings is not met with the industry standard compared to the potential of the technology development and the cost of maintenance has been increased. The user's request for quality have been increased, but in the current building construction, the contractors only follow the specifications of design, material and technology, and their main concern is whether they are in right track with the specification or not. Thus, the necessity of developing technology has been ignored and sufficient opportunities for the development have not been provided as well. In the developed countries, in contrast, the quality assurance and the payment regulation system has been utilized for the active response to the changes of users' request. As a result of this, the maintenance cost has been decreased and the development of construction technology has been improved. Therefore the pay adjustment system is needed to create the improvement of the quality of the buildings by the contractors' earnest building construction. In order to introduce the pay adjustment system suitable to the Korean construction industry, this study presented the logical method of adjusting the construction cost and making payment with the pay adjustment index that is created based on the result of the performance test, after making a set of the indicators of the building performance standard and applied them to the targeted building.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2009

This study was conducted to suggest resonable quality measurement methods of asphalt pavements to be used in the Pay adjustment. The Pay adjustment is a method to adjust the construction cost according to the pavement quality based on the statistic theories. Many U.S states use Pay adjustment and the PWL(Percent with in Limit) is calculated using their quality index tables. In this study, the application of PWL in Korea was evaluated by comparing the PWL South Carolina with the probability theories. The probability values and the PWL obtained using the data collected from the test roads were used to determine the pay factors suggested by AASHTO and the pay factors between them were closed to each other. In addition, the PWL was very similar to the probability obtained using the predicted average of the population when calculating the Z-values. The pay factors were obtained using artificial data whose average satisfied the codes and whose standard deviation was large. The pay factors were less than 100% in the quality measurements can be performed using the PWL methods, and with the development of the korea quality index table, the PWL methods can be applied in korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.409-415
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• 2017

This study examines the effect of pay dispersion on labor productivity by focusing on the inflow of newcomers into the tournament and the outflow of stayers from the tournament. According to tournament theory, the expansion of pay dispersion within the organization contributes to enhanced organizational performance by attracting high performers externally and by removing low performers internally within the organization. However, previous studies regarding tournament theory have overlooked the participant aspects. Therefore, this study explores how external hiring and involuntary turnover influence the effect of pay dispersion on labor productivity. This paper hypothesizes that pay dispersion will have a positive effect on labor productivity. Moreover, this paper predicts that the inflow of new competitors will strengthen the positive effects of pay dispersion on labor productivity, whereas the outflow of incumbents will weaken this relationship. Empirical results showed that pay dispersion increased labor productivity and the inflow of newcomers strengthened this positive relationship. However, contrary to our prediction, the outflow of incumbents weakened the positive effect between pay dispersion and labor productivity. These theoretical arguments and empirical findings highlight the proper conditions should be equipped to practically achieve the positive effect of pay dispersion on labor productivity.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.833-843
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of smart home service using contingent valuation method that is the method evaluating the value of service which will be provided in the future. Using this method, this study suggests proper price and market value of smart home service through figuring out customer's willingness to pay. Methods: To estimate willingness to pay for smart home service, this study uses double bounded dichotomous choice question. The survey was conducted for 2 months from December in 2015 to February in 2016. A total of 269 copies were used to estimate through R-programming. Results: The results of this study are as follows; Gender(especially woman), income, proposed price are the factors which affecting willingness to pay. As the result of this study, average price of willingness to pay for smart home service estimates as \29,653. Comparing with high-speed internet bundling service fee, this estimated price for smart home service is appropriate level for customers to accept. Conclusion: This study estimates consumer's willingness to pay for smart home service which is in the market entry stage. In corporate side, this study might be meaningful for estimating investment scale and profit. Also it could provide basis for establishing strategic policy to develop smart home service market in government side.