• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1972

국산산성백토(國産酸性白土)를 정제(錠劑)의 붕노제(崩努劑)로 개발(開發)하고자 종내(從來) 붕해제(崩解劑)로 사용(使用)해 오든 corn starch, calcium methylcellulose, kaolin, calcium silicate 및 Pectin과 국산산성백토(國産酸性白土)를 붕해제(崩解劑)로하고 정제(錠劑)의 주약성분(主藥成分)으로서는 불용성(不溶性)인 Ca-PAS KP II 를 택(澤)하였다. 이상(以上)의 각(各) 붕해제(崩解劑)의 一錠當(일정당) 함양(含量)을 0%에서 25%까지 7종(種)으로 달리하고 이것을 각각(各各) 사용(使用)하여 만든 과립(顆粒)의 입자도(粒子度)도 각각(各各) 4종류(四種類)로 분류(分類)하였다. 여기에 활택제(滑澤劑) 로서 0.5% mg-stearate를 공통(共通)으로 첨가(添加)하였다. 이상(以上)을 각각(各各) 동일(同一)한 조건하(條件下)에서 타정(打錠)하여 수종(數種)의 정제(錠劑)를 만들었다. 이들 정제(錠劑)에 대(對)하여 경도(硬度)및 붕해도시험(崩解度試驗)을 하여 비교검토(比較檢討)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. Corn starch는 우수(優秀)한 붕해제(崩解劑)이나 그첨가량(添加量)이 8%이상(以上)이 될 때 는 타정시(打錠時) 압력(壓力)을 받지 않어 정제(錠劑) 붕해제(崩解劑)로서 사용(使用)할 수 없었다. 2. Ca-Mc는 붕해제(崩解劑)로서 첨가량(添加量)이 8%이상(以上) 일때에도 사용가능(使用可能) 하였으나 15%이상(以上) 일때는 타정시(打錠時) 압력(壓力)이 약(弱)해졌다. 3. Kaolin 붕해제(崩解劑)로서 부적당(不適當) 하다고 사려(思慮)되였다. 4. Ca-silicate도 붕해제(崩解劑)로서 적당(適當)하였으나 Pectin은 가장 부적당(不適當)하였다. 5. 산성백토(酸性白土)는 정제붕해제(錠劑崩解劑)로서 타정시(打錠時) 25% 첨가시(添加時)에도 압력(壓力)을 잘 받어 정제(錠劑)의 경도(硬度)를 유지(維持)할수 있었을 뿐만 아니라 붕해도(崩解度)도 양호(良好)한 성적(成績)을 나타내여 가장 우수(優秀)한 붕해제(崩解劑)임을 확인(確認)하였다. 6. 일반적(一般的)으로 타정(打錠)에 사용(使用)되는 과립(顆粒)의 size가 적을수륵 붕해시간(崩解時間)은 짧았으며 정제(錠劑)의 경도(硬度)가 높을수록 붕해시간(崩解時間)은 길었다. 그러나 정확(正確)한 비예성(比例性)은 찾기힘들었다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.166-170
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• 1975

Six kinds of canned processed fish-balls were collected from the local market of Korea in April, 1975 and frozen section was prepared with the fish-balls at $-25^{\circ}C$ , coincidently stained with PAS, sudan III, carbol-thionine and light green for histochemical observation on evaluation of materials and quality of the porducts. The results tased on morphological analysis were summarized as follows. Protein contents were showed the lowest level, ranging about $2.7-9.0\%$, while carbohydrate was contained from $58.1\%\;to\;75.2\%$ of the highest degree. Fat contents had a great variety depending upon the quality of porducts, showing $1.4-17.6\%$, and air bubble was contained from $14.4\%\;to\;21.1\%$, tended to a large quantity. In sample No. 6, the micro-organism3 were observed around the denaturated prtotein, carbohydrate, and air bubbles in canned fish-ball. When the other samples were incubated for 4 days at $37^{\circ}C$, bacterial colony was also formed around the denaturated protein, carbohydrate, and air bubbles in cavities.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.612-619
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of the ethanol extracts and soluble dietary fiber from Cassia tora L. seed. The proximate composition of Cassia tora, soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract, molecular mass distribution, sugar contents and viscosity of soluble fiber from Cassia tora were analyzed. Cassia tora contains 12.6% of moisture, 5.2% of ash, 13.4% of crude protein, 7.2% of crude fat, 8.8% of insoluble fiber and 48.3% of soluble fiber. The effects of extract condition on soluble solid contents, color intensity and contents of emodin and rhein of Cassia tora extract were investigated. The soluble solid contents were higher in 70% or 50% ethanol extracts than those in 100% ethanol extracts and showed highest value in grind sample extracts. In Hunter's color value, 100% ethanol extracts and whole Cassia tora sample extracts were higher in L and b value, but on the contrary, were lower in a value, than those of the other. The highest emodin and rhein contents were observed in 70% and 50% ethanol extracts, respectively, and showed higher value in room temperature extracts than in heating extracts. The molecular mass of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was estimated by gel filtration chromatography. Most soluble fiber(80%) exhibited a molecular mass range of between 50~2000 kDa. The major sugars of soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed were identified as xylose, mannose and galactose. The apparent viscosity of 0.5% soluble fiber from Cassia tora seed was 33 mPas showing a higher value than pectin or xanthan gum.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.802-809
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• 2014

This paper presents a dual-mode bias modulator (BM) for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifiers (PAs). The BM includes a hybrid buck converter and a normal buck converter for an envelope tracking (ET) mode for high output power and for an average power tracking (APT) mode for low output power, respectively. The dual-mode BM and CMOS PA are designed using a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process for the 1.75 GHz band. For the 16-QAM LTE signal with a peak-to-average power ratio of 7.3 dB and a bandwidth of 5 MHz, the PA with the ET mode exhibited a poweradded efficiency (PAE) of 39.2%, an EVM of 4.8%, a gain of 19.0 dB, and an adjacent channel leakage power ratio of -30 dBc at an average output power of 22 dBm, while the stand-alone PA has a PAE of 8% lower at the same condition. The PA with APT mode has a PAE of 21.3%, which is an improvement of 13.4% from that of the stand-alone PA at an output power of 13 dBm.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.322-328
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• 1984

These experiments were conducted to purify the glucoamylase produced by Rhizopus oryzae. Two forms of glucoamylase (GI and GII) from Phizopus oryzae were purified by $(NH_2)_2SO_4$ fractionation, acetone fractionation and successive column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose. The specific activities of GI and GII toward soluble starch were 157.6 U/㎎. protein (37.5 fold of crude extract), and 164.7 U/㎎. protein (39.2 fold of curde extract), respectively, and the yields of them were 4.3% and 3.8%, respectively. The two purified enzymes have shown a single band by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein bands of their electrophoresis gel were revealed to have glucoamylase activity by iodine staining and were proved to be glycoprotein by periodic acid Schiff's staining.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.48-57
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• 2021

Background: In this study, the complexities of step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans in magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy systems were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Overall, 194 verification plans from the abdomen, prostate, and breast sites were collected using a ⁶⁰Co-based ViewRay radiotherapy system (ViewRay Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA). Various plan complexity metrics (PCMs) were calculated for each verification plan, including the modulation complexity score (MCS), plan-averaged beam area (PA), plan-averaged beam irregularity, plan-averaged edge (PE), plan-averaged beam modulation, number of segments, average area among all segments (AA/Seg), and total beam-on time (TBT). The plan deliverability was quantified in terms of gamma passing rates (GPRs) with a 1 mm/2% criterion, and the Pearson correlation coefficients between GPRs and various PCMs were analyzed. Results and Discussion: For the abdomen, prostate, and breast groups, the average GPRs with the 1 mm/2% criterion were 77.8 ± 6.0%, 79.8 ± 4.9%, and 84.7 ± 7.3%; PCMs were 0.263, 0.271, and 0.386; PAs were 15.001, 18.779, and 35.683; PEs were 1.575, 1.444, and 1.028; AA/Segs were 15.37, 19.89, and 36.64; and TBTs were 18.86, 19.33, and 5.91 minutes, respectively. The various PCMs, i.e., MCS, PA, PE, AA/Seg, and TBT, showed statistically significant Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.416, 0.627, -0.541, 0.635, and -0.397, respectively, with GPRs. Conclusion: The area-related metrics exhibited strong correlations with GPRs. Moreover, the AA/Seg metric can be used to estimate the IMRT plan accuracy without beam delivery in the ⁶⁰Co-based ViewRay radiotherapy system.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

In this study, the $N_2O$ emission factor of the facility was developed by measuring the kiln type pyrolysis melting facility. This used PAS (Photoacoustic Spectroscopy) method and measured the $N_2O$ emission concentration. From March 2016 to April 2016, it was measured over a total of two times and $N_2O$ concentrations were measured continuously for 24 hours using a 24 hour continuous measuring instrument (LSE-4405). The measured $N_2O$ emission concentration of the pyrolysis melting facility was 0.263 ppm on average and the emission concentration distribution in the range of 0.013~0.733 ppm was obtained. Therefore, the $N_2O$ emission factor of the kiln-type pyrolysis melting facility was estimated to be $0.829gN_2O/ton$-Waste. As a result of comparing the $N_2O$ emission factor of the thermal kiln type pyrolysis melting facility and the previous study, previous studies were about 18 times higher. It is estimated that this is due to the difference of furnace temperature, oxygen concentration and denitrification facilities. It is considered that the study of the emission factor of pyrolysis melting facility is an important factor in improving the credibility of greenhouse gas inventory in waste incineration sector.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

Objective : In modern society, liver diseases such as liver fibrosis are on the rise as inflammation and wound healing processes of the liver are repeated due to factors such as drinking, smoking, and stress. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Saenggangeonbi-tang (SGGBT) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. Methods : The mice were divided into 4 groups for examination (n=6): Normal group (Nor), distilled water-treated liver fibrosis mice (Con), silymarin 50 mg/kg-treated liver fibrosis mice (Sily), SGGBT 200 mg/kg-treated liver fibrosis mice (S200). Liver fibrosis was established in the mice via TAA for 8 weeks (1 week 100 mg/kg, 2,3 weeks 200 mg/kg, 4-8 weeks 400 mg/kg, three times a week, intraperitoneal injection) and they were administered silymarin and SGGBT (every day, oral administration) with the TAA. Results : SGGBT significantly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferanse, ammonia, and myeloperoxidase in serum increased by liver fibrosis. As a result of confirming H&E and MT staining, it was confirmed that SGGBT reduced damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissue, and alleviated changes in collagen fiber deposition and histological fibrosis. Also, it was confirmed through PAS staining that it reduced glycogen deposition in liver tissue. In addition, SGGBT significantly decreased the NADPH oxidases as well as significantly modulated the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2. Conclusions : These results suggest that SGGBT regulates the expression of MMP/TIMP protein through inhibition of oxidative stress and alleviates liver fibrosis by reducing collagen and glycogen deposition in liver tissue.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 1999

In order to study the effects of $\alpha$-tocopherol acetate in glomerular injury, the minimal change nephrosis disease was induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and we examined biochemical analysis in serum and morphological changes. The experimental animals were divided to control, PAN-treated (30 mg/kg, I.p.), vitamin E-treated (200 mg/kg, P.O.), and PAN+vitamin E-treated groups. After PAN injection, the rate of increase of body weight was lower than the other treatments. In addition, at 8 days after PAN injection, total protein content in serum was the lowest, whereas both blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine contents were the highest in all experimental groups, which their changes of serum parameters were statistically significant. In morphological changes, the glomerular tissue at 8 days after PAN injection clearly showed obstruction of urinary space and proliferation of mesangial cells, and that loss and fusion of pedicles, vacuolization and edema of endothelial cells, and thickness of basal lamina were ultrastructurally showed in the glomerulus. Glomerular injury was significantly prevented by administration of vitamin E having an antioxidant effect. It suggested that the glomerular injury induced by PAN was accelerated by hypertension, and renal dysfunction might be induced by oxidative injury.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.425-433
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• 2004

Background : Induction of oral tolerance (OT) has been known to prevent allergic inflammation in acute asthma model within 4 weeks. However it is remained whether induction of OT may effectively prevent allergic inflammation in chronic asthma model over 4 weeks. We observed the effect of induction of OT on allergic inflammation and airway remodeling in chronic asthma model up to 8 weeks. Methods : 5-week-old female BALB/c mice divided into 4 groups-control group, asthma group, low dose OT group, and high dose OT group. To induce oral tolerance mice were fed ovalbumin (OVA) before sensitization with OVA and aluminum hydroxide-1 mg for 6 consecutive days in the low dose OT group and 25 mg once in the high dose OT group. Mice in the asthma group were fed phosphate buffered saline instead of OVA. After sensitization followed by repeated challenge with aerosolized 1% OVA during 6 weeks, enhanced pause (Penh), inflammatory cells, IL-13, and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids as well as OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a levels in serum were measured. In addition the degree of goblet cell hyperplasia and peribronchial fibrosis were observed from lung tissues by PAS and Masson's trichrome stain. Results : Both OT groups showed a significant decrease in Penh, inflammatory cells, IL-13, and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels in BAL fluids as well as OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a levels in serum compared with the asthma group (P<0.05). In addition, the degree of goblet cell hyperplasia and peribronchial fibrosis were significantly attenuated in both OT groups compared with the asthma group (P<0.01). Conclusion : These results suggest that induction of OT may effectively prevent allergic inflammation as well as airway remodeling even in chronic asthma model up to 8 weeks.