The purpose of this study was to inves-tigate the economic performance of the textile industry for the Korean traditional clothes. The content of this paper had two pars; The first part was for the macroeconomic aspects such as location production employments and the produc-tion facilities of the textile industries. The second part was for the microeconomic aspects such as business type branding method fabric type R&D efforts sourc-ing and the distributional channel The major results were as follows: 1.) Most textile firms for the korean traditional clothes were located in Gongju for man-made fibers and in Jinju for silk fabrics. 2) The size of the textile industry in terms of the number of business produc-tion amount the number of employee de-creased during 1994 and 1995 due to the decreasing demand. 3) Over the half of the textile firms produced raw fabric products while only 20% of them were involved in additional dyeing and /or printing finish which re-sulted in low value added production 4) The R&D effort of the textile indus-try for the Korean traditional clothes was very low due to the market uncertainty lack of technological knowledge and most of all small size of the firms 5) Most raw materials for the textile in -dustry were imported with high(25%) tariff rates resulting in price increase and thus low competitiveness in the market. 6) The textile producers sole about the 70% of their products to the wholesalers while selling the rest to the retailers di-rectly. This showed the dual structure of the distribution channel in the textile products. These results suggested some implica-tions for the firms the policy makers and the researchers. The firms should develop new and improved products to increase and create consumer demand by intensive R&D efforts. The government policy ma-kers should give financial supports the firms with R&D investment and legal help such as lowing tariff rate for the raw ma-terials. The researchers from the academy could help the textile industry with the advanced technological knowledge and up-date information for the consumer fashion demand.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of Environmental Enrichment (EE) on improvement of motor function in animal models of Parkinson's Disease. Methods: Male C57BL6 mice weighing 25-30 g, at the age of 12 wks were used in this study. The animals were injected MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin, 20 mg/kg in saline, i.p.) 4 times a day at every 2 hr, and raised in EE cage for 14 days. On day 14, after behavior test, all mice were sacrificed for immunohistochemistry. All values were expressed as means$\pm$S.E.M. Statistical significance was evaluated using a one way ANOVA followed by Sheffe test. Results: There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the behavior test. Also EE significantly reduced of TH positive cell loss in Substantia nigra pars compacta as compared to the result of MPTP treatment. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is reasonable to assume that the environmental enrichment prevents dopaminergic neuronal loss and improves disarrangement of motor function and behavioral disability induced by MPTP.
Objective: Spirulina has been recognized formerly as a filamentous spiral-shaped blue- green algae but more recently as a genus of photosynthetic bacteria (Arthrospira). This microorganism is considered as a rich source of essential nutrients for human and animals. The present study was conducted to determine potential application of Spirulina for heat- exposed broilers. Methods: Two hundred and fifty Cobb 500 chicks with male to female in equal ratio with average initial weight of 615.6 g at 17 days of age were divided into 5 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 chicks. Treatment groups were as follows: positive and negative controls with 0% Spirulina supplement and three Spirulina receiving groups with 5 g/kg (0.5%), 10 g/kg (1%), and 20 g/kg (2%) supplementation. Spirulina receiving groups as well as positive control were exposed to high ambient temperature at $36^{\circ}C$ for 6 h/d from 38 to 44 days of age. Biochemical variables were measured in serum samples at 35, 38, 42, and 45 days of broiler chickens age. Results: The results showed that supplementation of the diet with Spirulina decreased concentration of stress hormone and some serum lipid parameters while enhanced humoral immunity response and elevated antioxidant status whereas it didn't meaningfully affect performance characteristics. Nevertheless, feed conversion ratio was improved numerically but not statistically in broilers fed with 1% Spirulina under high ambient temperature. Conclusion: Overall, the present study suggests that alleviation of adverse impacts due to high ambient temperature at biochemical level including impaired enzymatic antioxidant system, elevated stress hormone and lipid profile can be approached in broiler chickens through supplementation of the diet with Spirulina platensis.
Parkinson's disease (PD), one of common neurodegenerative diseases, is caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD is associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hyperoside (quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside) was reported to have protective properties against oxidative stress by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of hyperoside against 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ($MPP^+$)-induced cell model of PD and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Hyperoside significantly decreased $MPP^+$-induced cell death, accompanied by a reduction in poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Furthermore, it attenuated $MPP^+$-induced intracellular ROS and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), with the reduction of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, hyperoside significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt, but it has no effects on $GSK3{\beta}$ and MAPKs. Pharmacological inhibitor of PI3K/Akt abolished the cytoprotective effects of hyperoside against $MPP^+$. Taken together, these results demonstrate that hyperoside significantly attenuates $MPP^+$-induced neurotoxicity through PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings suggest that hyperoside might be one of the potential candidates for the treatment of PD.
In order to identify the effects of the kainic acid in the retina kainic acid (120 nmol/$5{\mu}l$) were injected through the pars plana of the ciliary body into the duck eye ball at 7th day after hatching. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation on the 1st, 4th and 10th day after injection of the kainic acid. The specimen was processed for the light and electron microscopes respectively. The results obtained were as followings 1. The inner nuclear, inner plexiform and ganglion cell layers of the retina showed marked changes in all of the groups. 2. The cells in the inner nuclear layer showed marked degenerative changes of the organelles including the pyknoses and destruction of the nucleus on the 1st day after injection. These destructive changes of the cells were progressively disappeared until the 10th day after injection. 3. After injection of the kainic acid the neurites of the inner plexiform layer were swollen at the first, and thereafter those changes were gradually disappeared until the 10th day. 4. In the ganglion cell defected by the kinic acid, the enlargement and segmentation of the endoplasmic reticulum and pyknosis of the nucleus were-observed in all the groups, although the lipid droplets were only shown in the 4th day. From the above results, the evidence suggests that kainic acid gives to the toxic effect on the nuurons of the retina with exception of the photoreceptors.
Reproductive activity of golden hamsters(Mesocricetus auratus) is regulated by the photoperiod. They are sexually active in summer and inactive in winter. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, has been known to mediate sexual activities in seasonal breeding animals. Melatonin receptor was recently identified in several animal species including hmm. But little has been known about it in relation to the reproductive activities of golden hamsters. By using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) methods, a portion of the melatonin receptor gene(309 nucleotides) was identified in golden hamsters. The nucleotide sequence of the melatonin receptor and the amino acid sequence deduced were compared to those reported in other animals. Melatonin receptors were obviously detected in hypothalamus, pituitary containing pars tuberalis, blood, and spleen. Although the testicular weights and the levels of reproductive hormones were dramatically affected by photoperiods, the expression of melatonin receptor was not markedly changed by them. These results suggest that the action of melatonin in regulating reproduction might be mainly due to the affinity of melatonin receptor rather than the density fi melatonin receptor.
This result of the study on the costume of Osman Turkey are as following. 1. Empire of Osman Turkey(129∼1922) exerted an almost limites impact and influence on Europe and Asia during their regime 600 years. The distant ancestors of the Osman Turks were nomadic peoples, who wandered I tribal groups through the Central Asia. Therefore their costumes were based on nomadic culture. They had trade with West and East were influenced by Hellenism and Byzantium and grew, to a strong Islamic political power polygamy with which influence their clothing along with other culture. 2. Topkapi Saray was one of he principal residences of the Osman sultans and his court. Late 17 century, Topkapi Saray found many of kaftans of Osman Turks Empires of 14∼17 centuries. Otherwise we studied by the minatures of 16∼17 centuries, Since the Topkapi Saray became a museum in 1924, a program of careful restoration has made it possible to some pars of it to the public, after centuries neglection. 3. Osman Turkey Empire had important role in between West and East(silk-road). Economic, commercial, social and political factor of Turkey led to a development in the art of weaving (kema, kadife, catman, seraser, zerbeft, hatayi, kntnu, atlas)parallel to the rise and development of the Osman Turkey Empire itself, one which raised the art to a level attained nowwhere else in the world. Fabrics woven from gold and silver thread occupied a very important place in the court life of the time. This was due as much to their symbolic as to their material value, reflecting as they did the power, glory and magnificence of the Empire. 4. In order to study Eastern or Western history of costume one must study Turkey history of costume in advance. Also there is a great need of comparison to study of western, central and north eastern area history of costume.
During the past 10 years, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has performed a study to control hydrogen gas in the containment of the nuclear power plants. Before the Fukushima accident, analytical activities for gas distribution analysis in experiments and plants were primarily conducted using a multidimensional code: the GASFLOW. After the Fukushima accident, the COM3D code, which can simulate a multidimensional hydrogen explosion, was introduced in 2013 to complete the multidimensional hydrogen analysis system. The code validation efforts of the multidimensional codes of the GASFLOW and the COM3D have continued to increase confidence in the use of codes using several international experimental data. The OpenFOAM has been preliminarily evaluated for APR1400 containment, based on experience from coded validation and the analysis of hydrogen distribution and explosion using the multidimensional codes, the GASFLOW and the COM3D. Hydrogen safety in nuclear power has become a much more important issue after the Fukushima event in which hydrogen explosions occurred. The KAERI is preparing a large-scale test that can be used to validate the performance of domestic passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs) and can provide data for the validation of the severe accident code being developed in Korea.
One of the main concerns of the present age, is attending to the issue of sustainability that in recent decades, the concept of it has grown in terms of recognition and importance. Sustainability have defined further the development of the welfare and living standards of the present generation, without the lives of future generations is at stake. One of these tasks of the business is project management and today, "green or sustainable project management" as one of the most important global trends of project management have been identified. The issue of present study was to investigate the relationship of sustainability factors with success of a project. The population of the research consists of directors of oil and gas in the South Pars region including 150 people that according to Cochran formula, the number of samples were obtained 108 people. In this study, data collection was conducted based on a structured questionnaire that from a sample set of questions was used for sustainability impact on 6 scale of project management success. For this purpose, the whole five-item Likert has been used. Also for statistical analysis, PLS software was used. The results of path analysis at confidence level of 95%, showed a significant relationship exists between "sustainability factor" and "project success criteria." Since the correlation coefficient is positive, so this type of relationship is positive. Thus all the hypotheses at confidence level of 95 percent was confirmed and it became clear that there is a significant positive relationship between "sustainability factors" and "project success criteria."
Choi, Jong Hee;Jang, Minhee;Nah, Seung-Yeol;Oh, Seikwan;Cho, Ik-Hyun
Journal of Ginseng Research
/
v.42
no.3
/
pp.379-388
/
2018
Background: Ginsenosides are the main ingredients of Korean Red Ginseng. They have extensively been studied for their beneficial value in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the multitarget effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) with various components are unclear. Methods: We investigated the multitarget activities of KRGE on neurological dysfunction and neurotoxicity in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. KRGE (37.5 mg/ kg/day, 75 mg/kg/day, or 150 mg/kg/day, per os (p.o.)) was given daily before or after MPTP intoxication. Results: Pretreatment with 150 mg/kg/day KRGE produced the greatest positive effect on motor dysfunction as assessed using rotarod, pole, and nesting tests, and on the survival rate. KRGE displayed a wide therapeutic time window. These effects were related to reductions in the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive dopaminergic neurons, apoptosis, microglial activation, and activation of inflammatory factors in the substantia nigra pars compacta and/or striatum after MPTP intoxication. In addition, pretreatment with KRGE activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathways and inhibited phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways, as well as blocked the alteration of blood-brain barrier integrity. Conclusion: These results suggest that KRGE may effectively reduce MPTP-induced neurotoxicity with a wide therapeutic time window through multitarget effects including antiapoptosis, antiinflammation, antioxidant, and maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity. KRGE has potential as a multitarget drug or functional food for safe preventive and therapeutic strategies for PD.
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