• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.522-534
• /
• 1995

Background: In the pathogenesis of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), oxygen radiclls are known to be involved in one part. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) protects oxygen radical-induced tissue damage by dismutating superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. In eukaryotic cells, two forms of SOD exist intracellularly as a cytosolic, dimeric copper/zinc-containing SOD(CuZnSOD) and a mitochondrial, tetrameric manganese-containing SOD(MnSOD). But there has been little information about SOD gene expression and its regulation in pulmonary alveolar macrophages(PAMs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the SOD gene expression induced by LPS and its regulation in PAMs of rat. Method: In Sprague-Dawley rats, PAMs obtained by broncholaveolar lavage were purified by adherence to plastic plate. To study the effect of LPS on the SOD gene expression of PAMs, they were stimulated with different doses of LPS($0.01{\mu}g/ml{\sim}10{\mu}g/ml$) and for different intervals(0, 2, 4, 8, 24hrs). Also for evaluating the level of SOD gene regulation actinomycin D(AD) or cycloheximide(CHX) were added respectively. To assess whether LPS altered SOD mRNA stability, the rate of mRNA decay was determined in control group and LPS-treated group. Total cellular RNA extraction by guanidinium thiocyanate/phenolfchlorofonn method and Northern blot analysis by using a $^{32}P$-labelled rat MnSOD and CuZnSOD cDNAs were performed. Results: The expression of mRNA in MnSOD increased dose-dependently, but not in CuZnSOD. MnSOD mRNA expression peaked at 8 hours after LPS treatment. Upregulation of MnSOD mRNA expression induced by LPS was suppressed by adding AD or CHX respectively. MnSOD mRNA stability was not altered by LPS. Conclusion: These findings show that PAMs of rat could be an important source of SOD in response to LPS, and suggest that their MnSOD mRNA expression may be regulated transcriptionally and require de novo protein synthesis without affecting mRNA stability.

• Review of Culture and Economy
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.21-61
• /
• 2018

Most of the Korean performing arts markets are not only small but also show their limitations in terms of their role as a platform for the promotion of performing arts and future growth prospects. This study started from the perception that the domestic performing arts markets need the cooperation between the markets in order to overcome the current situation and become the representative performing arts markets of Asia. To do this, we conducted surveys and in-depth interviews on market collaborations with domestic performing arts officials such as PAMS, Jeju Haevichi Art Festival and G-FAFE. For successful inter-market collaboration, the first is to change ideas and thinking about collaborations, second, to select programs suitable for direct supervision and collaboration based on evaluation of comparative advantage, and third, to establish and operate the 'Performing Arts Market Collaboration Promotion Committee(tentative name)'. And the fourth, starting from the sharing of the network that is most required at this stage, it is necessary to develop the sharing of manpower and places through mutual financial support or sharing between the central government, the metropolitan municipalities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.278-280
• /
• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2001.10c
• /
• pp.562-564
• /
• 2001

이종 네트웍 환경아래 서로 다른 서비스 요구사항을 가진 대형 분산 어플리케이션을 효율적으로 관리하는 것은 매우 어려운 일이다 또한 기존 네트웍 관리 시스템들은 서비스관점보다는 시스템중심으로 관리하여 어플리케이션에 맞는 종합적인 관리를 수행하는 것은 복잡하고 이해하기 어렵다. 이 논문에서 어플리케이션 수행을 보다 적극적으로 관리하고 어플리케이션과 네트웍의 요구사망을 분석, 실행하는 Proactive Application Management System (PAMS)을 제안하고 구현하였다. 각 관리 서비스는 모바일 에이전트로 이루어져 변화에 따라 능동적인 관리가 가능토록 하였다. 실험결과는 에이전트 중심으로 하는 PAMS가 성능과 실패관리에 능동적으로 대처하여 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.125-125
• /
• 2003

우리나라 대기질은 자동차의 급격한 증가와 산업활동이 활달해짐에 따라 VOC, NOx 의 배출량이 급격히 늘어나고 있으며 이에따라 광화학 오존등 2차오염물질에 대한 대기오염문제가 심각해지고 있다. 오존에 의한 대기오염문제를 해결하기 위하여 환경부에서는 2002년부터 서울의 정동, 불광동 둥 수도권 8개 지점에서 광화학평가측정망을 운영하고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 이들 광화학평가측정망의 정도관리현황을 검토하고 측정지점별 오존전구물질(VOCs) 농도분포 특성을 분석하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2002.04a
• /
• pp.251-252
• /
• 2002

최근 서울시보건환경연구원에서는 국내 최초로 미국의 PAMS(Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Systems) 측정망을 응용한 VOCs 측정망을 구축하여 대기 중 탄화수소를 포함하는 휘발성유기화합물를 측정 운영 중에 있다. VOCs는 그 종류와 발생원이 복잡 다양할 뿐만 아니라 시료의 채집과 분석방법에 여러 가지 기술적인 어려움이 내재한다. (중략)

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2005

Source contribution for VOCs collected in Seoul metropolitan area was conducted using PAMs (Photochemical assessment monitoring system) data and CMB(Chemical Mass Balance) model8.0, in order to estimate spatial and temporal variations of VOCs source contribution in that area, and also to compare with corresponding emission inventory. VOCs data used in model calculation were collected at 6 different sites of PAMs(Seokmori, Guwoldong, Simgokdong, Bulgwangdong, Jeongdong and Yangpyeong) and 22 out of 56 VOCs species were analyzed from June 2002 to march 2003 and used for CMB model estimation. The result showed that vehicle exhaust, coating and energy combustion were important sources of VOCs in Seoul metropolitan area, averaging 32.6%, 25.5% and 25.1%, respectively. In this study as well as other references, it was revealed that vehicle exhaust is the main contributor of urban area VOCs, but there is remarkable contrast between emission inventory and model estimation. Vehicle exhaust portion is seriously underestimated while coating is usually overestimated in emission estimates, compared to CMB results. Therefore, it is considered to assert and confirm the uncertainty of emission estimates and clarify the distinction between two other source apportionment methods.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 1998

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAMs) are ubiquitous contaminants in marine environments. PAMs enter estuarine and nearshore marine environment via several routes such as combustion of fossil fuels, domestic and industrial effluents and oil spills. PAHs have been the focus of numerous studies in the world because they are potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic to aquatic organisms and humans from consuming contaminated food. However, one can hardly find any available data on PAM content in marine organisms in Korea. The present study was carried out in order to determine PAM content in oysters from the intertidal and subtidal zones of Chinhae Bay, which is located in near urban communities and an industrial complex, and the bay is considered to be a major repositories of PAHs. 16 PAHs were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with uv/vis and fluorescence detectors in oysters: they are naphthalene (NPTHL), acenaphthylene (ANCPL), acenaphthylene (ACNPN), fluorene (FLURN), phenanthrene (PHEN), anthracene (ANTHR), fluoranthene (FLRTH), pyrene (PYR), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHRY), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), dibenz(a,h)anthracene(DahA), benzo(g,h,i)peryne (BghiP) and indeno(1,2,3,-cd)pyrene (I123cdP). The PAM contents in oysters from the intertidal and subtidal zones of Chinhae Bay ranged from < 0.1 to 992.0 ug/kg (mean $69.8\pm9.8$ ug/kg).

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.85-97
• /
• 2006

The PAMS data collected at four sites in Seoul metropolitan area in 2004 were analyzed using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) technique, in order to identify the possible sources and estimate their contributions to ambient VOCs. Ten sources were then resolved at Jeongdong, Bulgwang, Yangpyeong, and Seokmo, including vehicle exhaust, LPG vehicle, petroleum evaporation, coating, solvent, asphalt, LNG, Industry & heating, open burning, and biogenic source. The PMF analysis results showed that vehicle exhaust commonly contributed the largest portion of the predicted total VOCs mass concentration, more than $30\%$ at four sites. The contribution of other resolved sources were significantly different according to the characteristics of site location. In the case of Jeongdong and bulgwang located in urban area, various anthropogenic sources such as coating, solvent, asphalt, residual LPG, and petroleum evaporation contributed about $40\%$ of total VOCs mass. On the other hand, at yangpyeong and Seokmo located in rural and remote area, the portion of these anthropogenic sources was reduced to less than $30\%$ and the contribution of natural sources including open burning and biogenic source clearly observed. These results were considerably corresponding to the emission inventory investigated in this region.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.639-642
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 다양한 서비스가 운용되고 있는 인터넷 망에서 PCM 및 ADPCM으로 압축된 음성데이터를 전송할 경우에 발생하는 패킷 크기와 한계 지연시간의 변화가 수신측의 음질에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 기반으로 주어진 한계 지연시간에 대하여 적절한 음질을 제공하기 위한 전송패킷의 크기에 대하여 분석하여 적절한 코덱 선택 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법의 실험결과를 입증하기 위해 음질 평가인 MOS평가 방법을 사용했으며 측정방법으로는 서울을 중심으로 전국5개 지역 지점별 5회 측정 각 지점의 임의 번호를 서울 콜 센터로 Call Forwarding 설정 후 측정하고, VQT은 PAMS 알고리즘과 ADRA(Audio Direction Reference Audio)를 사용하여 측정한 결과 음성코덱의 데이터비와 Datagram size에 의해 음성 품질이 달라짐과 적절한 코덱 선택방법임을 확인하였다.