• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test whether pre-operative visual information and parental presence had positive effects on anxiety, delirium, and pain in pediatric patients who awoke from general anesthesia in a post-surgical stage. Methods: This study used a non equivalent control-group post test design (n=76). Independent variables were provision of pre-operative visual information and parental presence for post-surgical pediatric patients in PACU (post anesthesia care unit). Dependent variables were anxiety, delirium, and pain in the pediatric patients measured three times at 10 minute intervals after extubation in the PACU. Measurements included Numerical Rating Scale for assessing state anxiety, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale by Sikich & Lerman (2004) for delirium, and Objective Pain Scale by Broadman, Rice & Hannallah (1988) for pain. Results: Experimental group showed significantly decreased state anxiety at time points-10, 20, and 30 minutes after extubation. Delirium was significantly lower at 10 minutes and 30 minutes after extubation in the experimental group. Pain was significantly lower at 10 minutes after extubation in the experimental group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that this intervention can be a safe pre-operative nursing intervention for post-surgical pediatric patients at PACU.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2015

Purpose: This study examined the effects of music therapy on pain, anxiety and length of stay of patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Methods: Sixty patients who received laparoscopic hysterectomy under general anesthesia from a PACU in a university hospital located in Cheonan city participated in this study. The experimental group (n=30) was offered the option to listen to their preferred music by using MP3 players and headphones for 30 minutes. The control group (n=30) received routine postoperative nursing care. Visual analogue scale was used to measure participants' pain and anxiety, length of stay in the PACU was examined by using their medical records. Data were collected from December 2013 to February 2014 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test using SPSS version 21.0. Results: The result showed that the level of post-operative pain (t=2.44, p=.018), anxiety (t=2.37, p=.021), and the length of stay in PACU (t=3.06, p=.004) significantly decreased in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study indicated that music therapy with the patients' preferred music showed positive effects. Therefore, it can be used as a therapeutic intervention for postoperative pain management of patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a performance appraisal tool (PAT) for postoperative anesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses. Methods: This study was a descriptive, non-experimental methodological study. The PAT was developed through a literature review and tests for validity and reliability. Results: Subsequent to a review of the literature on nursing performance of PACU nurse, a 63 item questionnaire was developed. Through factor analysis, 61 items in 3 domains with 8 factors were derived. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the final instrument was .99. Conclusion: This tool is an efficient PAT for PACU providing meaningful feedback for professional growth in PACU nurses.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.432-439
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine nursing workload associated with patient and anesthetic factors in the post-anesthesia care unit(PACU). Method: The data used in this study were collected from February 26th, 2008 to May 16th, 2008. The subjects were 828patients and collected data were analyzed by using SPSS program. Results: It was found that there were statistical differences in gender, age, past history, type of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia, type of surgery. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 25 for below 17 years, and 27.5 for above 61 years. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 27 for general anesthesia, and 16 for regional anesthesia. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 29 for orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery, and 23 for ophthalmology. The mean PRN for nursing workload was 24.6 for below 1hour in duration of anesthesia, and 27.5 for above 2hours in duration of anesthesia. Conclusion: This study was carried out to examine nursing workload in the PACU. The results from this study will be help to improve nursing in PACU through efficient distribution of nursing workload in PACU.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2013

타일 캐시 기술은 웹GIS의 효율성에 중요한 향상을 가져왔지만, 변경된 소스데이터의 해당 타일을 갱신하는 작업은 여전히 처리시간이 오래 걸리는 작업이고, 이로 인해 서비스 질에 영향을 미칠 수도 있다. 현재의 타일 캐시 서비스는 갱신되지 않거나 거의 갱신되지 않는 소스데이터에서 좋은 성능을 제공하지만, 변경이 자주 발생하는 소스데이터에 대해서는 매우 비효율적이다. 본 논문은 자주 변경되는 데이터 집합의 타일 지도 서비스에서 변경된 데이터를 타일이미지에 효율적으로 반영할 수 있는 부분영역캐시갱신 방법으로 PACU (Partial Area Cache Update)기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 타일 지도 갱신 작업에서 가장 많은 처리 시간이 소요되는 디스크의 읽기/쓰기 횟수를 줄이는 방법으로 반복적으로 동일한 타일이 변경되는 작업을 제거하였다. PACU 기법은 타일 이미지 기반의 지도 서비스하고 있는 경기도부동산포털서비스에서 수시로 변경이 발생하는 지적도 서비스에 성공적으로 적용되었다. 경기도 평택시(331,594 필지)에서 하루 발생하는 변동 필지 3,100건에 대해 제안 기법을 적용하였다. 동일한 실험 환경에서 PACU 기법을 ESRI사의 ArcGIS SERVER$^{(r)}$의 처리 속도와 비교한 결과 약 6.6배의 처리속도 향상을 보였다. PACU 기법은 타일 지도의 갱신 처리 시간을 매우 획기적으로 감소시켰고, 그동안 기술적인 문제로 어려움이 있었던 수시로 갱신되는 데이터 집합에 대한 타일 지도 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 기틀을 마련하였다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2015

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of family presence in the PACU (Post Anesthesia Care Unit) on anxiety, emergency delirium, pain and length of stay in the recovery room for elderly patients undergoing surgery for which general anesthesia has been used. Methods: The study was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Eighty elderly patients over 65 years who underwent surgery under general anesthesia were recruited. Forty were assigned to the experiment group, patients together with a family member and 40 to the control group, with no family member present. Patients' anxiety, emergency delirium, pain and length of time in the recovery room were evaluated at 10 minute and 30 minute after arrival in the PACU. Results: Patients with family members in the PACU showed significantly decreased levels of anxiety at 10 and 30 minutes and significantly lower levels of emergency delirium and pain at 30 minutes. However there was no difference between the 2 groups for length of time in the recovery room. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that being with family members in the PACU after surgery under general anesthesia is effective for reducing elderly patients' anxiety, delirium and pain during time in the recovery room.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2013

Background: Nefopam is a centrally acting analgesic that is used to control pain. The aim of this study was to find an appropriate dose of nefopam that demonstrates an analgesic effect when administered in continuous infusion with fentanyl at the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Ninety patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to receive analgesia with fentanyl alone (50 ${\mu}g$, Group 1, n = 30), or with fentanyl in combination with nefopam 20 mg (Group 2, n = 30) or in combination with nefopam 40 mg (Group 3, n = 30) at the end of surgery. Pain and side effects were evaluated at 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours after arrival in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Results: Pain was statistically significantly lower in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 at 10 minutes, 2 hours, and 6 hours after arrival in the PACU. Nausea was statistically significantly lower in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3 at 10 minutes after arrival in the PACU. Shivering was statistically significantly lower in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 at 10 minutes after arrival in the PACU. Conclusions: Nefopam is a drug that can be safely used as an analgesic after surgery, and its side effects can be reduced when fentanyl 50 ${\mu}g$ is injected with nefopam 20 mg.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2015

Purpose: This study compared the effect of music and noise blocking on the vital signs, postoperative pain, analgesic use, length of stay in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and satisfaction after a laparoscopic colectomy. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed in a 555-bed National Cancer Center, from February 13 through May 31, 2012. Subjects consisted of 69 patients who underwent a laparoscopic colectomy under general anesthesia, and were recruited by informed notices. The inclusion criteria were patients between the ages of 35-75, with an American Society Anesthesiologist physical classification I or II. The subjects were randomly allocated to three groups; music therapy group (MTG), noise blocking group (NBG) and control group (CG). Collected data were analyzed using Repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test through IBM SPSS (Version 19.0). Results: There were no significant differences in vital signs among the three groups. Postoperative pain in MTG (p<.05) and NBG (p<.05) was significantly decreased compared to CG. The amount of analgesics (p=.030) and length of stay at PACU (p=.021) in MTG was significantly decreased compared to NBG or CG; satisfaction in MTG and NBG was significantly higher compared to CG. Conclusion: Music seems to reduce postoperative pain, the amount of analgesics, and the length of stay at PACU. Therefore, music therapy is considered to be included in nursing intervention for postoperative patients at PACU.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare desflurane anesthesia with desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia by measuring postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Data were collected using a random double blind method. The experimental group treated with desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia had a total of 25 patients. The control group had 20 patients who were treated with desflurane anesthesia. Pain (VAS), pushing PCA button, nausea and vomiting (VAS) were assessed at PACU (Post Anesthesia Care Unit) arrival, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min in PACU and 2 hrs, 6 hrs, 24 hrs, 48 hrs in ward. INVR was assessed at 24 hrs. Extra analgesics and extra antiemetics were measured in PACU and the ward. Data were analyzed using t-test and repeated measure using ANOVA. Results: The experimental group presented with more postoperative pain (F=7.55, p<.001) than the control group. The experimental group took more extra analgesics in PACU and pressed the PCA button more often for 6 hours. The experimental group complained more postoperative nausea (F=2.11, p=.043) than the control group and took extra antiemetics during postoperative period of 24 hours. Conclusion: We conclude that desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia needs better management than desflurane anesthesia due to increased pain, nausea & vomiting after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.415-424
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• 2022

연구의 목적은 회복실 남자간호사의 간호현장에서 체험한 경험의 의미와 본질을 이해하기 위함이다. 자료수집 기간은 2020년 05월부터 2021년 05월까지였으며 종합병원 회복실에 근무하는 남자간호사 6명을 대상으로 자료가 포화상태에 이를 때까지 심층면담을 시행하였다. 자료 분석은 Colaizzi의 현상학적 연구방법에 따라 분석하였고, 분석결과 4개의 범주, 9개의 주제모음, 21개의 주제를 도출하였다. 도출된 범주는 '간호의 길에 들어섬', '현실의 장벽에 부딪침', '살아남기 위한 안간힘', '부서에서의 자리매김'으로 구조화 되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 회복실 남자간호사들의 임상적응에 영향을 주는 요인을 규명하고, 실무 현장에서 이들이 적응하고 성장할 수 있는 방법에 대한 모색이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있다.