• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.34-46
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• 2010

Objective: This experimental study was performed to examine if Hang-Am-Dan non-boiled water extracts (HAD-N) induce apoptosis in human lung carcinoma NCI-H460 cells in vitro and inhibits the growth of NCI-H460 cell-transplanted solid tumor in vivo. Materials and Methods: We cultured NCI-H460 cell lines and xenografted them to nude mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups, NCI-H460 cell alone, NCI-H460 + 90 mg/kg HAD-N treated group, and NCI-H460 + 180 mg/kg HAD-N treated group, with seven mice per group. HAD-N was orally administrated every day for four weeks. We checked their body weight and tumor weight and volumes two times a week and their absolute organ weight and biochemical blood analysis at the final day by sacrificing them. We also calculated their tumor inhibition rate (IR), mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS). Results: In this study, we observed that all of the HAD-N treated mice got smaller tumors. The more doses of HAD-N used, the less IR showed at the 8th day after starting this experiment. Tumor weight and volume of HAD-N treatment groups also decreased. Mean survival time and percent increase in life span (% ILS) in the high-dose HAD-N treatment groups were higher than those of other groups. The test substances in the blood level UN results showed reduction in the significance in both HAD-N 90 mg/kg and HAD-N 180 mg/kg (p<0.01). The blood level phosphatase results in HAD-N 90 mg/kg group compared to NCI-H460 cell alone group showed a reduction in significance (p<0.05). AST levels HAD-N 180 mg/kg group compared to NCI-H460 cell alone group significance as well (p<0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that the results of the in vivo study showed that HAD-N may have potential as a growth inhibitor of tumor-induced NCI-H460 of nude mice in spite of the shortcomings of this study. More studies to overcome those shortcomings and to find out significant antitumor mechanism will be needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4331-4338
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• 2014

$N^1$-(2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-$N^8$-hydroxyoctanediamide (N25) is a novel SAHA cap derivative of HDACi, with a patent (No. CN 103159646). This invention is a hydroxamic acid compound with a structural formula of $RNHCO(CH_2)6CONHOH$ (wherein R=2, 5dimethoxyaniline), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt which is soluble. In the present study, we investigated the effects of N25 with regard to drug distribution and molecular docking, and anti-proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycling, and $LD_{50}$. First, we designed a molecular approach for modeling selected SAHA derivatives based on available structural information regarding human HDAC8 in complex with SAHA (PDB code 1T69). N25 was found to be stabilized by direct interaction with the HDAC8. Anti-proliferative activity was observed in human glioma U251, U87, T98G cells and human lung cancer H460, A549, H1299 cells at moderate concentrations ($0.5-30{\mu}M$). Compared with SAHA, N25 displayed an increased antitumor activity in U251 and H460 cells. We further analyzed cell death mechanisms activated by N25 in U251 and H460 cells. N25 significantly increased acetylation of Histone 3 and inhibited HDAC4. On RT-PCR analysis, N25 increased the mRNA levels of p21, however, decreased the levels of p53. These resulted in promotion of apoptosis, inducing G0/G1 arrest in U251 cells and G2/M arrest in H460 cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. In addition, N25 was able to distribute to brain tissue through the blood-brain barrier of mice ($LD_{50}$: 240.840mg/kg). In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that N25 will provide an invaluable tool to investigate the molecular mechanism with potential chemotherapeutic value in several malignancies, especially human glioma.

• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.127-130
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• 2006

사파이어 기판위에 MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition)를 이용하여 8주기의 InGaN/GaN 다중양자우물(multiple quantum well : MQW)구조가 성장되어졌고 이 구조 위에 p-GaN층이 형성됐다. 다시 p-GaN 위에 200nm의 두께를 갖는 PMMU 박막을 도포하고 electron beam lithography system을 이용하여 직경이 150nm가 되도록 나노단위의 삼각격자 구조를 가진 구멍을 패턴하고 inductively coupled plasma(ICP)를 이용하여 식각을 하여 광결정을 제작하였다. 광결정은 두께가 26nm이고 격자간격은 460nm로서 파장이 450nm인 파란빛을 나노회절 시켜서 photoluminescence(PL)의 세기를 강화시킨다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2001

This study aims at finding out pertinent reaction conditions for treating high concentration ammonia contained in N-chemical factory wastewater with decompressed ammonia stripping method that was designed. And it also tries to investigate adsorption capability of removed ammonia to soil. The results from experiments are as follows ; 1. The removal rate of N $H_3$-N of synthetic wastewater was under 85% at pH 10 with decompressed ammonia stripping method. The reaction time in pressure 360 mmHg at pH 11 and 12 was shorter than in 460 mmHg, and the removal rate of N $H_3$-N with decompressed ammonia stripping method at 9$0^{\circ}C$ was 11~15% higher than air stripping 2. The optimum conditions for decompressed ammonia stripping with synthetic sample were shown as pH 12, temperature 9$0^{\circ}C$, internal reaction pressure 460 mmHg and reaction time 50 minutes. These conditions were applied to treat the wastewater containing organic-N 290.5mg/$\ell$, N $H_3$-N 168.9mg/$\ell$, N $O_2$-N 23.2mg/$\ell$, N $O_3$-N 252.4mg/$\ell$, T-N 735mg/$\ell$. Organic-N turned out to be removed 60%, the removal rate of N $H_3$-N IS 94%, T-N is 50%. But N $O_2$-N and N $O_3$-N were increased with 7.8% and 14.9% respectively. 3. The CO $D_{Sr}$ removal rate in decompressed ammonia stripping reaction was 42% and S $O_4$$^{2-}$ was removed 8.2%. It was turned out caused with higher pH and thermolysis. 4. In soil adsorption of ammonia desorbed from the decompressed stripping process of wastewater, the recovery rate was 76% in wet soil.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2004

Nitrocarburizing was carried out with various $CH_4$ gas composition with 4 torr gas pressure at $570^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours and post oxidation was carried out with 100% $O_2$ gas atmosphere with 4 torr at different temperatures for various time. In the case of plasma nitrocarburizing, It is that the ratio of ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}$(N, C) and ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4$(C, N), which comprise the compound layer phase, depend on concentrations of $N_2$ gas and $CH_4$ such that when the concentration of $N_2$ and $CH_4$ increased, the ratio of ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4$(C, N) decreased, but the ratio of ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}$(N, C) increased. The thickness of compound layer consistently increased as gas concentration increased regardless of $N_2$ and $CH_4$ expect when the concentration of $CH_4$ was 3.5 volume%, it decreased insignificantly. When oxidizing for 15min in the temperature range of $460{\sim}570{^\circ}C$, the study found small amount of $Fe_3O_4$ at the temperature of $460{^\circ}C$ and also found that amounts of $Fe_2O_3$. and $Fe_3O_4$ on the surface and amount of ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4$(C, N) in the compound layer increased as the increased over $460^{\circ}C$, but the thickness of the compound layer decreased. Corrosion resistance was influenced by oxidation times and temperature.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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• pp.457-460
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• 1998

단 채널 MOSFET 소자의 드레인 전압-드레인 전류 특성을 예측하기 위해서 caughey-thomas 이동도 모델을 수치적으로 구현하는 방법을 제안한다. 구현된 caughey-thomas 모델의 정확한 특성을 검증하기 위해서 0.5[.mu.m]의 설계규칙을 가즌 ASIC용 공정으로 n-MOSFET과 p-MOSFET을 제작하였다. 전자 및 정공의 포화속도 값이 각각 6.2*10/sup 6/[cm/sec] 과 1.034*10/sup 7/[cm/sec]인 경우에 채널길이가 0.5[.mu.m] 이상인 n-MOSFET과 p-MOSFET의 드레인 전압-드레인 전류특성의 모의실험 결과는 측정값에 비하여 10% 이내의 상대오차를 보였다.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.451-460
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• 2024

If a₀ + Σⁿ_ν=μ a_νz^ν, 1 ≤ µ ≤ n, is a polynomial of degree n having no zeroin |z| < k, k ≥ 1 and p'(z) its derivative, then Qazi [19] proved $$\max_{{\left|z\right|=1}}\left|p\prime(z)\right|\leq{n}\frac{1+\frac{{\mu}}{n}\left|\frac{a_{\mu}}{a_0} \right|k^{{\mu}+1}}{1+k^{{\mu}+1}+\frac{{\mu}}{n}\left|\frac{a_{\mu}}{a_0} \right|(k^{{\mu}+1}+k^{2{\mu}})}\max_{{\left|z\right|=1}}\left|p(z)\right|$$ In this paper, we not only obtain the L^r version of the polar derivative of the above inequality for r > 0, but also obtain an improved L^r extension in polar derivative.

• 태양에너지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.62-78
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• 1992

본 논문은 二(이)가열원 진공증착법을 이용하여 실리콘 웨이퍼의 온도를 190[$^{\circ}C$]로 유지한 상태에서 ITO 박막을 증착, 열처리한 후 $ITO_{(n)}/Si_{(p)}$ 태양전지를 제작하였고 그의 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. $In_2O_3$와 $S_nO_2$의 증착비율이 각각 91[mole %] 9[mole %]일 때 최대효율 11[%]의 태양전지를 제작 할 수 있었다. 제작된 전지는 열처리 시간과 온도에 따라 성능이 향상되지만 약 600[$^{\circ}C$] 이상의 온도, 15분 이상의 열처리 시간에서는 오히려 박막의 각종 결함의 증가로 인한 감소현상을 보였다. 제작한 전지의 광 응답 특성을 조사하였는데 열처리온도를 증가시킴에 따라 미소하나마 장파장 영역으로 그 peak값이 이동함을 알 수 있었다. X선 회절현상을 통해 열처리온도에 따른 결정성장이 증대하여 단결정 쪽으로 이동해 감을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 실험에서 제작한 $ITO_{(n)}/Si_{(p)}$ 태양전지에 대하여 특성을 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. $100[mW/cm^2]$의 태양광 에너지 조사하에서 단락전류 : ISC=31 $[mW/cm^2]$ 개방전압 : VOC=460[mV] 충실도 : FF=0.71 변환효율 : ${\eta}$=11[%].

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

호수 유입 하천인 황강의 $1996{\sim}2001$년 년도별 평균 수질은 COD $3.1{\sim}4.2\;mg/L$, T-N $2.460{\sim}3.550\;mg/L$, T-P $0.111{\sim}0.201\;mg/L$ 이였다. 호수내의 평균 수질은 COD가 1996년 1.9 mg/L에서 2001년 2.7 mg/L로 매년 조금씩 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 호수내의 $1996{\sim}2001$년 년도별 평균 T-N 농도는 $1.383{\sim}1.792\;mg/L$이었으며, T-P농도는 $0.018{\sim}0.023\;mg/L$이였다. 식물성 플랑크톤의 발생 정도를 나타내는 Chl-${\alpha}$와 T-N, T-P와의 상관계수는 각각 0.382, 0.372였으며, 또한 수온과 강우량에 대한 상관계수는 각각 0.589, 0.526이였다. 따라서 합천댐의 경우 식물성 플랑크톤의 발생이 T-N, T-P보다 수온 및 강수량과 더 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 호수의 영양단계는 중영양${\sim}$부영양단계에 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 고분해능 X선 회절법을 이용해 Ni/Ag 반사막 p형 오믹 전극의 Ag 집괴에 따른 전극의 구조 분석을 수행하였다. 대기 분위기에서 오믹 전극을 고온 열처리할 경우, 열처리 시간이 증가할수록 Ag의 집괴가 진행되어 24시간 열처리 후, 전류-전압 곡선은 쇼트키 특성을 나타내었고, 또한 460 nm 파장에서 21%의 낮은 반사도를 나타내었다. X선 회절 결과로부터 Ag의 집괴가 진행될수록, Ag 박막의 내부 변형율을 감소되는 방향으로 Ag 원자의 확산이 진행되어, Ag (111) 결정면의 면간 거리가 bulk Ag와 거의 동일하게 나타났다. 이러한 반사막 오믹 전극의 구조 분석은 고출력 고효율 수직형 LED에 적합한 열적 안정성이 우수한 오믹 전극의 개발에 매우 중요함을 알 수 있다.