• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.65-68
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• 1989

In order to determin the optimum extraction condition for protein in a Chrysalis of Silk Worm, Temperature, Time, and pH variation were conducted in the extraction. N.S.I. and nitrogen contents of the extracts in this condition were identified by Kjeldaha method and a C.H.N. corder. The results were as follows; Crude protein and crude fat contents in the extracts were 23.34% and 15.61%, respectively. N.S.I. values with respect to the temperature variation were 6.7% at 6$0^{\circ}C$, 7.94% at 8$0^{\circ}C$ and 8.67% at 10$0^{\circ}C$ in the condition of pH 4, 1 hr. N.S.I. values in pH variation were 7.94% at pH4, 8.99% at pH6, 9.70% at pH8, 10.19% at pH 10 and 12.16% at pH 12 in the condition of 8$0^{\circ}C$, 1hr. N.S.I. values in extraction time variation were 8.67% in 1hr, 9.23% in 2hr and 9.76% in 3hr in the condition of 10$0^{\circ}C$, pH 4. The tendency of N.S.I. variation in this extration condition was reconfirmed also by a C.H.N. corder.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.529-539
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• 2019

In this study, heavy metal removal and precipitation characteristics with pH change were studied for artificial acid mine drainage. Artificial acid mine drainage was prepared using sulfates of iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, manganese which contained in acid mine drainage from abandoned mines. The single and mixed five heavy metal samples of Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, and Mn were prepared at initial concentrations of 30 and 70 mg/L. Fe and Al were mostly removed at pH 4.0 and 5.0, respectively, and other heavy metals gradually decreased with increasing pH. Concentration changes with increasing pH show generally similar trend for single and mixed heavy metal samples. The effect of removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions is not related to the initial concentration and depends on the pH change. XRD were used for mineral identification of precipitates and crystallinity of the mineral tended to increase with increasing pH. The precipitates that produced by decreasing the concentration of heavy metals in the aqueous solution composed of Fe-goethite(FeOOH), Al-basaluminite(Al₄(SO₄)(OH)₁₀·4H₂O), Cu-connellite(Cu₁₉(OH)₃₂(SO₄)Cl₄·3H₂O) and tenorite(CuO), Zn-zincite(ZnO), and Mn-hausmannite(Mn₃O₄).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2002

This study was conducted to find out buffer capacities of forest soils by the treatment of simulated acid rain(SAR) of four forests(Q. spp., P. rigida, P. koraiensis, L. leptolepis) in Kyunghee university's practice forest. All soils of each forest stand were treated by simulated acid rain at the level of pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 respectively. The result obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: Soil pH was measured by soil depth of each forest stand. The deeper soil depth was, the higher soil pH was. Also it was appeared that base saturation of sample soils was the highest as 17.42% in P. rigida stand and cation exchange capacity(C.E.C) was the highest as 29.87 me/100 g in Q. spp. stand. for responses of soil leachates to acidification treatment with pH 3.0 simulated acid rain(SAR), as simulated acid rain(SAR)-input was increased, pH value of soil leachates appeared high temporarily, but soon pH value of soil leachates had been low gradually. At the rest of pH 4.0, pH 5.0 treatment, pH value of soil leachates was high proportionably. The amounts of TBC of primary stage had a difference as pH level of simulated acid rain and forest stands. But as simulated acid rain(SAR)-input was increased. Amount of TBC was diminished. Also the amounts of TBC of primary stage in acidification treatment with pH 3.0, 4.0 simulated acid rain(SAR) was higher that of acidification treatment with pH 5.0 simulated acid rain(SAR). These trend showed obvious difference at low soil acidity and high TBC. The amounts of activity Al of primary stage appeared high as increasing the input acidity of simulated acid rain(SAR). Also, by soil depth, the amounts of Activity Al was different between A layer(0-15 cm) and AB layer(0-30 cm). There was considerable the correlation between simulated acid rain-input and activity Al change. But this was oppositional trend in soil leachates of pH 4.0, 5.0 treatment and total base cations(TBC).

• Advances in nano research
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.639-652
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• 2022

The prolyl 3-hydroxylase family member 4 (P3H4), is associated with post-translational modification of fibrillar collagens and aberrantly activated in cancer leading to tumor progression. However, its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still unknown. Here we reported that P3H4 was highly expressed in renal cancer tissues and significantly positive correlated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of P3H4 inhibited the proliferation, migration and metastasis of renal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and also, overexpression of it enhanced the oncogenic process. Mechanistically, P3H4 depletion decreased the levels of GDF15-MMP9 axis and repressed its downstream signaling. Further functional studies revealed that inhibition of GDF15 suppressed renal cancer cell growth and GDF15 recombinant human protein (rhGDF15) supplementation effectively rescued the inhibitory effect induced by P3H4 knockdown. Moreover, decreased levels of MMP9 caused by inhibition of P3H4-GDF15 signaling constrained the expression of PD-L1 and suppression of P3H4 accordingly promoted anti-tumor immunity via stimulating the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in syngeneic mice model. Taken together, our findings firstly demonstrated that P3H4 promotes ccRCC progression by activating GDF15-MMP9-PD-L1 axis and targeting P3H4-GDF15-MMP9 signaling pathway can be a novel strategy of controlling ccRCC malignancy.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.417-420
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• 2011

In this experiment, we examined the survival, fertilization, hatching times, and hatching rates of Far Eastern catfish Silurus asotus at pH ranging from 2 to 13 under laboratory conditions. Eggs could be fertilized at pH 3-12. In a hatching experiment, mortality was first observed at pH 13, when all fertilized eggs died within 8 min, followed by pH 2 (30 min), pH 12 (60 min), pH 3 (4 h), and pH 11 (5 h). Hatching only occurred at pH 4-10, with the highest hatching rate at pH 7 (52%) and the lowest at pH 10 (24%). Hatching rates in acid solutions were higher than in alkaline solutions, although the difference was not significant. Hatching was first observed at pH 10, beginning 27 h after fertilization and ending at the 31 h. A clear difference was observed between hatching times, ranging from 31 to 64 h and increasing in order with descending pH.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 1974

1) Two xylanase (designed as A and B) of Myriococcus albomyces were purified from an extract of wheat koji culture. Puriscation steps included first ammonium sulfate fractionation followed successively by SE-Sephadex column chromatgraphy. DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 repectively. 2) The optimum pH and pH stability for crude xylanse were found to be pH 5.0 and pH 4.0-7.0 respectively. 3) The optimium temperature was found to he 5$0^{\circ}C$ and for the thermal statbility of xylanase, the enryme incubated at $65^{\circ}C$ for 60min did not affect their stability. 4) The purised xylanase A and B were considered as liquefying xylanase and saccharogenic xylauase repectively. 5) The Bylanase A was most active at pH 4.0 and range of pH 3.0-8.0 at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for six hrs. The B was most active at pH 5.0 showing stability range of pH 4.0 to 8.5 at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs. incubation respectively. The Optimum temperature of xylanase A and B were found to be 7$0^{\circ}C$ and $65^{\circ}C$ for 60min repectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.995-1003
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• 2021

Chromatin remodeling regulates gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Aberrations in histone modification have been associated with depression-like behaviors in animal models. Additionally, growing evidence also indicates that epigenetic modification is associated with depression. p11 (S100A10) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression both in human and rodent models. In the present study, we investigated alterations in histone acetylation and methylation at the promoter of the p11 gene in the hippocampus of mice subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CUS daily for 3 weeks. Depression-like behaviors were measured with the forced swimming test (FST). The levels of hippocampal p11 expression were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. The levels of acetylated and methylated histone H3 at the promoter of p11 were measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by real-time PCR. CUS-exposed mice displayed depression-like behaviors with prolonged immobility in FST. CUS led to significant decreases in the expression of p11 at both protein and mRNA levels. Meanwhile, there was a decrease in histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3) and H3-K4 trimethylation (H3K4met3) and an increase in H3-K27 trimethylation (H3K27met3) at the p11 promoter. These results indicate that chronic stress causes the epigenetic suppression of p11 expression in the hippocampus.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different feeding levels on the number of fecal lactic acid-producing bacteria and fecal pH in horses. In Exp. 1, 6 female cross-bred horses ($332.4{\pm}50.4\;kg$, 5 year old) were fed 2% hay or 2% concentrates of BW for 30 d, and the number of fecal Lactobacilli and Streptococci was measured. For Exp. 2, 5 castrated Thoroughbred ($474.5{\pm}64.6kg$, 4 year old) and 5 female cross-bred horses ($343.6{\pm}56.3\;kg$, 5 year old) were allotted to high- or low-concentrates diets (5 levels) for 30 d in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design, and the fecal pH was assessed. In Exp. 3, 3 castrated Thoroughbred ($482.6{\pm}53.3\;kg$, 4 year old) were fed high- or low-alfalfa hay diets (3 levels) for 30 d in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design, and the fecal pH was measured. Feeding high-concentrates diets increased (P<0.05) the number of fecal lactic acid-producing bacteria (Lactobacilli and Streptococci) and decreased (P<0.01) the fecal pH. Feeding alfalfa hay with high-concentrates diet (2% alfalfa hay + 1% concentrates of BW) decreased (P<0.01) the fecal pH. These results showed that feeding high-concentrates diets increased lactic acid-producing bacteria in the large intestine and decreased the intestinal or fecal pH causing colic or laminitis, indicating that the proper fiber/concentrates (1:1) should be maintained in horses.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2006

This study was conducted to determine the effect of pH adjustment on physico-chemical characteristics of chicken breast surimi. The chicken breast meat was ground with distilled water, of which pH was then adjusted to 2.5 (T1), 3.0 (T2), 10.5 (T3) and 11.0 (T4) for surimi manufacture, respectively. Water content was higher in order of T4>T1>T3>T2 (p<0.05). Crude protein and crude fat were higher in T3 and T4 compared with T1 and T2 (p<0.05). $L^*$ values, myofibrillar protein and water holding capacity of T2 and T4 were higher than those of T1 and T3 (p<0.05). T4 had the lowest yield among the treatments (p<0.05). T1 was higher in yield and pH, whereas breaking force and deformation were higher in T1 (p<0.05). $a^*$ was higher in order of T3>T2>T4>T1 and $b^*$ was lower in T1 compared with other treatments (p<0.05). In textural properties, the chewiness values of T2 and T3 were higher than those of T1 and T4, the hardness was higher in order of T2>T3>T4>T1 (p<0.05). Cohesiveness and gumminess of T1 showed higher values than those of other treatments (p<0.05). In sensory evaluation, the note for appearance was higher in T2 than other treatments (p<0.05), however other traits were not significantly different (p>0.05). Therefore, the alkaline processing (T4, pH 11.0) would be recommended.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2002

For $ZnSO_4$-$Na_2$$SO_4$-$H_2$ $SO_4$-$NaOH-H_2$O system, pH of solutions with different electrolyte concentrations was measured at $25^{\circ}C$ and ionic equilibria were analyzed by using K-value method. Activity of water and activity coefficients of solutes were calculated by Pitzer equation. The equilibrium concentration and activity coefficients of solutes were calculated from initial experimental conditions. At high ionic strength of 4m, the pH values calculated were in good agreement with those measured. In the experimental ranges of ionic strength of solution from 3.5 to 4.3 m, the mean activity coefcient of $ZnSO_4$calculated agreed well with those obtained from literature.