• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.311-315
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• 1996

The retroviral Gag polyprotein directs the assembly of virion particles and plays an important role in some events after entry into a host cell. The Gag polyprotein of a virus mixture is responsible for inducing murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) when injected into susceptible strains of mice. In order to identify the host cellular proteins which interact with the MAIDS virus Gag proteins and possibly mediate the function of the Gag proteins, mouse T-cell leukemic cDNA expression library was screened using the yeast GAL4 two hybrid system. Of 11 individual positive clones, the clone Y1 was selected for the study of protein-protein interaction. Its DNA sequence revealed that it was an exact match to the murine SH3 domain-containing protein SH3P8. It is expressed as 2.4 kbp transcripts in testis at higher levels and in various tissues tested at lower levels. Glutathione S-transferase-Y1 fusion protein binds tightly to $Pr60^{def-gag}$ as well as $Pr65^{eco-gag}$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1568-1579
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• 2001

This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (AFE) on corn silage fermentation characteristics. Trial included two groups of treatments, with or without AFE inclusion in corn ensilage. Sixty corn silage containers, including two treatments with thirty replicates each, were processed in a laboratory scale mini-silo of 21 cm radius by 45 cm height. Three replicate containers were opened and sampled for analysis at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 18 and 34 days after being ensiled. One silage container from each treatment was installed with a remote controlled electronic thermometer to record the temperature changes. Analysis included silage temperature, pH, fermentation acids, the water-soluble carbohydrates and chemical compositions and the silage protein fractions. Results showed that on the first day, the temperature of the ensiled corn was slightly higher than room temperature, but returned to room temperature on the second day. The pH and concentrations of WSC, ADF, lignin and acetic acid in the AFE treated silage were significantly lower than the control groups (p<0.05). The lactic acid and crude protein on the other hand were significantly higher in the AFE treated silage as compared to the control (p<0.05) at the end of the ensilage period. The DM content was significantly higher (p<0.05) whereas the butyric acid content of the AFE treated silage was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control at the end of the 34 day ensilage period. Titratable acid and buffering capacity in the corn silage were not significantly different between treatment groups (p>0.05). Ammonia N concentration in the AFE treated silage showed a trend of decrease (p>0.05). NPN and the protein fraction A in both groups increased during the conservation period, but fraction A in the AFE treated corn silage was significantly higher than the control silage (p<0.05). During the conservation period, the AFE treated corn silage showed a trend toward a decrease in fractions $B_1$, $B_3$ and C (p<0.05). The protein fraction B2 showed a trend toward increase in the control group and an inconsistent trend in the AFE treated silage during the ensiling period. The AFE treated silage showed a better Flieg score over the control silage (97 vs. 75) as calculated from the concentrations of lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1676-1684
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• 2004

어육, 닭 가슴살 및 돼지 후지 육을 산성 및 알칼리 용액으로 추출하여 등전점 부근에서 회수하고 중성 부근의 pH로 재조절하여 회수한 단백질의 가열 젤 물성과 이들의 혼합에 따른 가열 물성 값의 변화, 최적 물성과 최소비용을 제공하는 혼합 비율을 결정하였다. 갈고등어의 근원섬유단백질은 산 및 알칼리 처리에 의해 가열 젤을 형성하지 못하였으나, 산과 알칼리 처리후 근형질 단백질을 포함한 회수 단백질은 가열 젤을 형성하였다. pH 10.5에서 처리 후 회수한 단백질의 가열 젤의 파괴강도는 갈고등어가 가장 낮았고, 변형 값은 냉동 꼬마민어>닭 가슴살>돼지 후지 육>갈고등어의 순으로 높았으며, 백색도는 냉동 꼬마민어 회수 단백질이 가장 높았다. 갈고등어 회수 단백질의 첨가는 파괴강도, 변형 값, 백색도를 감소시키고 가격을 상승시키는 반면, 닭 가슴살 회수 단백질의 첨가는 파괴 강도와 백 색도를 다소 증가시키고 가격을 현저히 감소시켰다. 냉동 꼬마민어 회수 단백질인 경우, 파괴강도 110 g 이상, 변형 값 4.5 mm 이상 및 회수 단백질의 원료 단가 2000원 이하/kg을 만족하는 최적 혼합 비율은 냉동 꼬마민어 36∼50%, 닭 가슴살 34∼40%, 돼지 후지 육 14∼25%이었다 가열 젤의 구조는 냉동 꼬마민어 회수 단백질이 가장 치밀하였다. 냉동 꼬마민어 회수 단백질을 축으로 닭 가슴살, 돼지 후지 육 회수 단백질의 적절한 혼합 비율의 조절은 물성 값이 다양화한 연제품에 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2005

To examine the combined effects of a high-protein diet and aerobic exercise on body weight and composition and blood lipid profiles in overweight women, 30 young women were recruited and placed into three groups: The high-protein diet and exercise group (HPE), the exercise-only group (EXO) and the control group (CON) (30$\pm$3%, 27$\pm$2%, and 29$\pm$3% body fat, respectively) for an 8-week experimental period. Daily diet included 25% isolated soybean protein (>90% protein, approximately 400 kcal) combined with each subject s usual diet for the HPE group. The exercise program consisted of aerobic-type exercises undertaken >3 times/wk and for>30 min/session at 50-60% of maximal capacity. Physical fitness, body composition, serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and glucose were measured before and after the experiment. Maximal aerobic capacity increased by the end of experiment in both the HPE (from 27.2$\pm$3.5 to 35.l$\pm$5.9 ml/kg/min, p<0.01) and EXO (from 30.3$\pm$5.4 to 33.8$\pm$3.8 mㅣ/kg/min, p<0.05) groups. Percent body fat decreased by 3.3% (p<0.01) in the HPE group and by 1.5% (p<0.05) in the EXO group by the end of the experiment, but not in the CON group. Lower back strength and agility increased only in the HPE group. In the HPE group, TC decreased from 168$\pm$20 to 155$\pm$18 mg/dL and HDL-C increased from 57$\pm$l0 to 61$\pm$9 mg/dL in HPE (p<0.01). But TC and HDL-C did not change in the EXO and CON groups. TG and glucose did not vary among the groups. Although the EXO group showed a similar outcome to that of the HPE group, a favorable change in body composition and blood lipids as well as an improvement in aerobic capacity was more marginal in the latter group.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2019

Sestrin-2 (SESN2) as a stress-metabolic protein is known for its anti-oxidative effects as a downstream factor of PERK pathways in mammalian cells. However, the expression patterns of SESN2 in conjunction with the UPR signaling against to ER stress on porcine oocyte maturation in vitro, have not been reported. Therefore, we confirmed the expression pattern of SESN2 protein, for which to examine the relationship between PERK signaling and SESN2 in porcine oocyte during IVM. We investigated the SESN2 expression patterns using Western blot analysis in denuded oocytes (DOs), cumulus cells (CCs), and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) at 22 and 44 h of IVM. As expected, the SESN2 protein level significantly increased (p < 0.01) in porcine COCs during 44 h of IVM. We investigated the meiotic maturation after applying ER stress inhibitor in various concentration (50, 100 and 200 μM) of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). We confirmed significant increase (p < 0.05) of meiotic maturation rate in TUDCA 200 μM treated COCs for 44 h of IVM. Finally, we confirmed the protein level of SESN2 and meiotic maturation via regulating ER-stress by only tunicamycin (Tm), only TUDCA, and Tm + TUDCA treatment in porcine COCs. As a result, treatment of the TUDCA following Tm pre-treatment reduced SESN2 protein level in porcine COCs. In addition, SESN2 protein level significantly reduced in only TUDCA treated porcine COCs. Our results suggest that the SESN2 expression is related to the stress mediator response to ER stress through the PERK signaling pathways in porcine oocyte maturation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.75-78
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• 1974

본(本) 실험(實驗)에서는 현재(現在)까지 학문적(學問的)으로 충분(充分)히 밝혀지고 있지 않은, 한우유(韓牛乳)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 한우유(韓牛乳)의 주성분(主成分)을 분석(分析)하고, 또한 DEAE-cellulose를 사용(使用)하여 산(酸) casein, 유청단백질(乳淸蛋白質)을 분별(分別)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 한우유(韓牛乳)의 비중(比重)은 1.036, 산도(酸度) 0.21, pH는 6.4였고 알콜시험(試驗)에서는 정상(正常)이었다. 2. 한우유(韓牛乳)의 수분함량(水分含量)은 88.39%였고, 무지고형분(無脂固形分) 9.53%였고, 지방(脂肪)은 2.08%, 단백질(蛋白質)은 3.99%, 유당(乳糖)은 4.76%였고 Sialic acid는 0.25%였다. 3. 총단백질중(總蛋白質中) casein이 3.07% 유청단백질(乳淸蛋白質)이 1.13%, lactoglobulin 0.34%, lactalbumin은 0.66%였다. 4. 6M 요소(尿素)를 함유(含有)한 0.005M TCU-buffer를 사용(使用)하여 DEAE-cellulose column에 의(依)해서 한우유(韓牛乳)의 산(酸) casein을 분별(分別)한 결과(結果) 4개(個)의 fraction을 얻었다. 5. 0.04M phosphate-buffer를 사용(使用)하여 DEAE-cellulose column에서 유청단백질(乳淸蛋白質)을 분별(分別)한 결과(結果) 4개(個)의 fraction을 얻어 각(各) fraction의 면적(面積)을 냈다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.243-257
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• 1996

CCK and cholinergic agonist stimulate enzyme release from the pancreatic acini via G-protein-mediated activation of phospholipase C, In contrast secretin and related peptides increase the level of cAMP and activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Camostat, a synthetic protease inhibitor, causes pancreatic hypertrophy and hyperplasia by increasing the CCK release. In this study, the secretagogue-induced changes of intracellular proteins were examined in the dispersed pancreatic acini of rats with or without camostat treatment. Camostat(FOY-305, 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was given for 4 days twice daily and the dispersed acini were prepared at 12 bouts after last treatment. The profiles of Intracellular phosphoproteins were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after incubating the acini with $^{32}P$. The amylase release from the dispersed acini was measured. The pancreatic weight was increased to 126% of control, while amylase activity per mg acinar protein decreased to 41% of control, The maximum response of amylase release from dispersed acini to CCK-8 or carbachol was markedly decreased(65% or 46% of control, respectively). The group of intracellular proteins(24 kD, pI $4.5{\sim}8.5$) was increased in quantity by camostat. CCK-8 or secretin increased phosphorylation of a protein(34 kD, pI 4.7) in camostat-treated as well as control rats. CCK-8 increased tyrosine phosphoryiation in the acini of control rats. However, in camostat-treated rats, the basal level of tyrosine phosphorylation was increased and it was rather decreased by CCK-8. Secretin had no effect on the level of tyrosine phosphorylation in acini. These results indicate that both phospholipase C and adenylate cyclase induce phosphorylation of an intracellular acinar protein(34 kD, pI 4.7) and camostat treatment increases the basal level of tyrosine phosphorylation in acinar cells. And these results suggest that not only serine/threonine protein kinase but also protein tyrosine kinase/phosphatase are involved in the process of CCK receptor mediated stimulation-secrelion coupling.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.867-872
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• 2002

정미성이 높은 효모 추출물을 얻고자 각종 효소의 사용에 대한 최적 조합 및 공정법을 알아보기 위하여 맥주 폐효모박을 각종 효소로 처리하여 효모추출물 중의 정미성분(IMP, GMP 및 유리아미노산)을 측정하여 비교, 분석하였다. Glucanase(0.5%) 처리에 의한 효모추출물중의 조단백질 함량은 33.6% 이었다. Tunicase(1%) 28.0% 와 무처리구 21.1%에 비해 최고 1.6배의 증가를 보였다. 단백질 분해효소처리에 의한 조단백질의 함량은 bromelin(1%), protamex(1%) 처리에서 각각 30.8%, 29.8%로 무처리구에 비해 최고 1.4배의 증가를 보였다. 효소 복합처리에 의한 상승효과는 glucanase(0.5%)+protamex(1%) 처리구에서 조단백질의 함량이 34.4%로 나타나 glucanase 단독처리구의 33.6%보다 높은 함량을 나타냈다. IMP+GMP 총함량은 glucanase + phophodiesterase + adenyldeaminase (G+P+A) 혼합 처리구에서 1,066 mg/100 g, glucanase + ptotamex + phophodiesterase + adenyldeaminase (G+Pro+P+A) 혼합 처리구에서는 1,047 mg/100 g으로 비슷하였다. 유리아미노산의 함량은 protamex가 첨가된 G+Pro+P+A 혼합처리구에서 2,302 mg/100 g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 IMP, GMP 및 유리아미노산의 함량을 모두 고려해 볼 때 세포벽 분해효소 (gulcanase 0.5%, 12시간), 단백질 분해효소 (protamex 1%, 3시간), 핵산 분해효소 (phosphodiesterase 0.1%, 3시간) 및 핵산 전이효소 (adenyldeaminase 1%, 1.5시간)를 순차적으로 적용시켜 가수분해시키는 것이 효모 추출물의 정미성을 높이는 최적의 효소 복합 사용공정으로 판단되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.637-642
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary undegradable protein (UP) level on body weight change, nutrient intake, milk production and postpartum reproductive performance of Awassi ewes. Twenty-seven multiparous Awassi ewes (initial body weight = 53.3${\pm}$1.6 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (9 ewes/treatment) for 62 days using a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were isonitrogenous (15.5% CP), isocaloric, and were formulated to contain 17.9 (LUP), 27.1 (MUP), and 34.0% (HUP) of the dietary CP as UP. On day 10${\pm}$3 (day 0 = parturition) ewes were housed in individual pens for 5 weeks. Feed offered and refused was recorded daily. At the end of this period, animals were removed from their pens and combined into 3 separate groups (LUP, MUP and HUP). One fertile, harnessed ram was allowed with each group for 34 days. Rams were rotated every 2 days among the three groups. Each group was offered the corresponding experimental diet. Organic matter, CP, UP and metabolizable energy intakes were higher (p<0.05) for ewes fed the HUP diet compared with ewes fed the LUP and MUP diets. Ewes fed the HUP diet gained more (p<0.05) weight compared with ewes fed the MUP diet (7.3 vs. 2.1 kg), while ewes fed the LUP diet lost an average of 2.1 kg. Pregnancy rate of ewes fed the HUP diet was 100%, compared with 66 and 33% for ewes fed the MUP and LUP diets, respectively. Lambing rate was greater (p<0.05) for ewes fed HUP (8/9) diet compared with ewes fed the MUP (4/9) and LUP (3/9) diets. These results indicate that Awassi ewes receiving adequate dietary UP level consume more feed and are capable of returning to estrus shortly after parturition and are capable of producing two lamb crops per year.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2021

Background: Diabetes-related neuropathic pain frequently occurs, and the underpinning mechanism remains elusive. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) exhibits descending inhibitory effects on central pain transmission. The current work aimed to examine whether inflammatory cytokines regulate mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by diabetes through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the PAG. Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered intraperitoneally to mimic allodynia and hyperalgesia evoked by diabetes in rats. Behavioral assays were carried out for determining mechanical pain and thermal hypersensitivity. Immunoblot and ELISA were performed to examine PAG protein amounts of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as their corresponding receptors in STZ rats, and the expression of PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR signaling effectors. Results: Increased PAG p-PI3K/p-Akt/p-mTOR protein amounts were observed in STZ-induced animals, a PI3K-mTOR pathway inhibition in the PAG attenuated neuropathic pain responses. Moreover, the PAG concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and their receptors (namely, IL-1R, IL-6R, and tumor necrosis factor receptor [TNFR] subtype TNFR1, respectively) were increased in the STZ rats. Additionally, inhibiting IL-1R, IL-6R, and TNFR1 ameliorated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in STZ rats, alongside the downregulation of PI3K-mTOR signaling. Conclusions: Overall, the current study suggests that upregulated proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors in the PAG activate PI3K-mTOR signaling, thereby producing a de-inhibition effect on descending pathways in modulating pain transmission, and eventually contributing to neuropathic pain.