• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.143-150
• /
• 2019

Chronic neuropathic pain is one of the primary causes of disability subsequent to spinal cord injury. Patients experiencing neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury suffer from poor quality of life, so complementary therapy is seriously needed. Dehydrocorybulbine is an alkaloid extracted from Corydalis yanhusuo. It effectively alleviates neuropathic pain. In the present study, we explored the effect of dehydrocorybulbine on neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury and delineated its possible mechanism. Experiments were performed in rats to evaluate the contribution of dehydrocorybulbine to P2X4 signaling in the modulation of pain-related behaviors and the levels of pronociceptive interleukins and proteins after spinal cord injury. In a rat contusion injury model, we confirmed that chronic neuropathic pain is present on day 7 after spinal cord injury and P2X4R expression is exacerbated after spinal cord injury. We also found that administration of dehydrocorybulbine by tail vein injection relieved pain behaviors in rat contusion injury models without affecting motor functions. The elevation in the levels of pronociceptive interleukins ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-18, MMP-9) after spinal cord injury was mitigated by dehydrocorybulbine. Dehydrocorybulbine significantly mitigated the upregulation of P2X4 receptor and reduced ATP-evoked intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. Both P2XR and dopamine receptor2 agonists antagonized dehydrocorybulbine's antinociceptive effects. In conclusion, we propose that dehydrocorybulbine produces antinociceptive effects in spinal cord injury models by inhibiting P2X4R.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.8 no.7
• /
• pp.467-477
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to offer data base for establishment of dental training x-ray generator based safety usage through surveying real radiation safety management state of radiation worker's in plan of operations that have dental training x-ray generators and use it. For it, comprehensive references were surveyed referring reports of current state of regulation technique development and domestic radiation safety evaluation and nuclear related legislation regarding radiation safety management of dental training x-ray generators. On the basis of it, questionnaires were filled in about respondent's general characteristic radiation safety manager's status current state of radiation safety management and the level of knowledge & consciousness. For the study, the survey was conducted to 224 people of radiation safety managers and university graduates training assistants and full-time professors who can treat dental training x-ray generators in education center. through this survey 95 questionnaires were used as analysis materials except the insufficient and omitted responses. As a method of analysis, the frequency and percentage were figured out with the general characteristics and safety manager's status. Chi-square test for frequency and correlation per question analysis and Pearson correlation analysis for crosslevel correlation were done with current state of radiation safety management and knowledge & consciousness level. As a result, running dental training x-ray generators was dealt with by 20's to 40's who have high education level over post undergraduate degree and major in dental hygienic. In addition, female have higher consciousness level for radiation safety management than male. It shows significal linear relation statistically(${\chi}^2$ >5, 0.1${\chi}^2$ >5, 0.3${\chi}^2$ >5, 0.3

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 1989

Kimchi during fermentation with different periods of storage at room temperature were evaluated for the textural properties, titratable acidity, pH value and thickness of leaves in salting, during fermentation. Thickness of internal leaves in Korean cabbage were decreased of 50% for external leaves. but less decreased on the thickness of leaves in salting. Cutting force of leaves were increased with salting and during kimchi fermentation before 7 days. Stress (force vs area) in kimchi and Korean cabbage was same result of cutting force. Equation of pH change was y=-0.23x+6.13 (r=-0.97). Titratable acidity equation was y=0.09x-0.01(r=0.96). A desirable pH value and titratable acidity were 4.2 and 0.63% in kimchi fermentation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.271-271
• /
• 2006

The structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of $[Bi_{1-x}(Na_{0.7-x}K_{0.2}Li_{0.1})]_{0.5}BaxTiO_3$ (BNKLBxT) ceramics were studied for the compositional range, x = 0-0.08. The samples were prepared by conventional sintering technique. The result of X-ray diffraction (XRD) suggest that $Ba^{2+}$ diffuse into the $[Bi(Na_{0.7}K_{0.2}Li_{0.1})]_{0.5}TiO_3$ (BNKLT) lattices to form a solid solution with a single phase perovskite structure. The ceramic show excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties, and optimum properties measured are as follows: piezoelectric constant $d_{33}=230pC/N$, planar electromechanical coupling factor $k_p\;=\;40.3%$, remanent polarization $P_r\;=\;30\;{\mu}C/cm^2$, and coercive field $E_c\; =\;2.5\;kV/mm$, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2000.05b
• /
• pp.196-199
• /
• 2000

Since the reports of CMR(colossal magnetoresistance) effects in some single crystal R-P phase $La_{1+x}Sr_{2-x}Mn_2O_7$, considerable researches have been carried out to find optimum composition and to understand the role of dimensionality in the CMR mechanism of this system. In this study, layered perovskite $Ln_xCa_{1-x}MnO_{4}$ (x=0.5, Ln=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) phases were synthesized by solid state reaction and their structures were refined by Rietveld method. Electrical and magnetic properties were measured between room temperature and liquid helium temperature and compared with those of two dimensional $La_{1.4}Sr_{1.6}Mn_2O_7$ phase.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.629-637
• /
• 2008

We report several experimental data capable of evaluating the amorphous-to-crystalline (a-c) phase transformation in $(Ag)_x(Ge_2Sb_2Te_5)_{1-x}$ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) thin films prepared by a thermal evaporation. The isothermal a-c structural phase changes were evaluated by XRD, and the optical transmittance was measured in the wavelength range of $800{\sim}3000$ nm using a UV-vis-IR spectrophotometer. A speed of the a-c transition was evaluated by detecting the reflection response signals using a nano-pulse scanner with 658 nm laser diode (power P = $1{\sim}17$ mW, pulse duration t = $10{\sim}460$ ns). The surface morphology and roughness of the films were imaged by AFM. It was found that the crystallization speed was so enhanced with an increase of Ag content. While the sheet resistance of c-phase $(Ag)_x(Ge_2Sb_2Te_5)_{1-x}$ was similar to that of c-phase $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ (i.e., $R_c{\sim}10{\Omega}/{\square}$), the sheet resistance of a-phase $(Ag)_x(Ge_2Sb_2Te_5)_{1-x}$ was found to be lager than that of a-phase $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$, $R_a{\sim}5{\times}10^6{\Omega}{/\square}$. For example, the ratios of $R_a/R_c$ for $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ and $(Ag)_{0.1}(Ge_2Sb_2Te_5)_{0.9}$ were approximately $5{\times}10^5$ and $5{\times}10^6$, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.1567-1574
• /
• 2007

A study was carried out to study the response of total purine derivatives (PD) excretion in urine to determine microbial N (MN) supply at four fixed levels of feed intake (namely 95, 80, 60 and 40% of voluntary intake). The crossbred (CB) calves were allocated according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square Design and fed wheat straw and concentrate (1:1). The rate of PD excretion (mmol/d) as a linear function of feed intake was 15.85/kg DMI and 20.12/kg DOMI. Based on the endogenous and PD excretion rates obtained in this study, a relationship between daily urinary PD excretion (Y, mmol) and daily microbial protein supply (X, mmol) was developed for crossbred calves as Y = 0.83X+0.296 kg $W^{0.75}$. The derived microbial N values using this equation differed (p<0.001) among the 4 groups and was the highest in L-95 followed by L-80, L-60 and L-40. The relationship between urinary nitrogen loss (Y, g/d) and DOMI (X, kg/d) was established as: Y = 6.038X+21.753 ($r^2$ = 0.663, p<0.01). When urinary excretion of PD (Y, mmol/d) was plotted against intake of DM and DOM (X, kg/d), the equations obtained were: Y = 7.1711X+8.674 ($r^2$ = 0.889, p<0.01) and Y = 12.434X+7.683 ($r^2$ = 0.896, p<0.01), respectively. The proportional contribution of allantoin and uric acid to total PD remained stable irrespective of level of feed intake. Similarly, urinary excretion of creatinine did not differ (p>0.05) between animals fed at different levels. The MN supply was the highest to animals at intake levels L-95, and decreased linearly with corresponding decrease in feed intake. However, the MN supply when expressed per kg DOMI remained statistically (p>0.05) similar irrespective of level of intake. The results revealed that the excretion of urinary purine derivatives were positively correlated with the level of feed intake as well as rumen microbial supply and thus it could be a good indicator for measuring the microbial protein supply and nutritional status of animals.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.1038-1042
• /
• 2006

A new type of DTPA-bis-amides (L1-L4) and their Gd(III)-complexes of the type $[Gd(L)(H_2O)]{\cdot}nH_2O$ (5: L1; 6: L2; 7: L3; 8: L4) have been prepared and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The X-ray crystal structure of 8 has been determined for structural confirmation. The coordination geometry adopts a tricapped trigonal prism geometry with L4 acting as a chelate octadentate and a water molecule in the coordination sphere. Crystals are monoclinic, $P2_1$, a = 14.468(3), b = 19.235(4), c = 13.527(2) $\AA$ $\beta$ = $107.245(3)^{\circ}$, V = 3595.2(11) $\AA^3$, Z = 4, $D_{calc}$ = 1.570. Significant increases in relaxivities are observed with 6 and 7 as compared with that of $Omniscan^{(R)}$, a commercial MR agent: R1 = 12.46 $mM^{-1}\;s^{-1}$, R2 = 8.76 $mM^{-1}\;s^{-1}$ for 6; R1 = 12.77 nm-1 s-1, R2 = 7.60 mM-1 s-1 for 7; R1 = 4.9 $mM^{-1}\;s^{-1}$, R2 = 4.8 $mm^{-1}\;s^{-1}$ for $Omniscan^{(R)}$. In the case of 5, however, both R1 and R2 are found to be lower to show 2.09 $mM^{-1}\;s^{-1}$, and 1.82 $mM^{-1}\;s^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.44-51
• /
• 1977

In order to determine values for the body weight by height groups for Korean adults men who are fully grown up 4,028 (30-39 age-group ; 2,318, 40-49 age-group 1,340, and 50-59 age group : 370) apparently healthy males subjects were randomly selected for the measurement of body weight by height groups. 1) The avergae body height and weight of Korean adult men were $168.3{\pm}4.6cm$ and $63.4{\pm}7.1kg$ in 30-39 age group, $167.7{\pm}4.7cm$ and $63.4{\pm}7.4kg$ in 40-49 age group, and $167.3{\pm}5.2cm$ and $63.3{\pm}8.0kg$ in 50-59 age group. 2) A correlation coefficient of r=+0.52(P<0.001) between body height and weight was found in 30-39 age group of 2,318 subject, r=+0.48(P<0.001) in 40-49 of 1,340 and r=+0.53(P<0.001) in 50-59 of 370 with the aid of there coefficients of linear regression equation body weight and height were established for male as follow; for 30-39 age group, Y(weight in kg)=0.81X(height in cm)-73.02, 40-49 age group, Y(weight in kg)=0.74X(height in cm)-61.82, 50-59g age-group, Y(weight in kg)=0.82X(height in cm)-73.83. 3) With the aid of above listed various equation standard values for body weight by height group, with over weighing and under weighing values were established. 4) Standard bodyweight of Korean was lower than those of American, Japanese and several other formulas for ideal body weight.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2003

We examine the metabolites(DCB and acetyl DCB) extracted from exfoliated urothelial cells of 33 workers who employed DCB-handling industries. The characteristics of workers submitted urine, whose age, working years and smoking persons were 41.9$\pm$11.1, 8.7$\pm$5.5 and 25(32.0%), respectively. DNA adduct was isolated from the exfoliated urothelial cells by applying $^{32}$ p-postlabeling procedure. Metabolites(DCB and acetyl DCB) were extracted from DNA adducts by hydrolyzing and N-glycosylase. Concentrations of DCB and acetyl DCB were 28.6$\pm$5.25 ng/g DNA, and 17.0$\pm$3.73 ng/g DNA, respectively. The regression between DCB level and exposure years of workers is y = 1.668 + 2.588x(p = 0.005, $r^2$= 0.394). The regression between acetyl DCB level and exposure years of workers is y = 8.071 + 1.325x(p = 0.076, $r^2$= 0.222). Smoking workers are significantly higher than non-smoking workers on DCB and acetyl DCB level(p = 0.065 and 0.021, respectively). DCB level was 33.9$\pm$7.14 ng/g DNA on smokers, and 23.1$\pm$9.97 ng/g DNA on non-smokers. Acetyl DCB was 25.1$\pm$5.27 ng/g DNA on smokers, and 8.92$\pm$7.22 ng/g DNA on non-smokers.