• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.19 no.1 s.19
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• pp.76-84
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• 1986

Analyses of lead and zinc were made by means of standard addition method using atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Baird Ltd., Model A5100) with flameless method for lead and flame method for zinc. The blood samples used were merely diluted with triton x-100, because it was simple, rapid and minimal risk of contamination. Mean recovery rate for lead added to the blood ranged from 97.7 to 101.3% with coefficient of variation ranging from 1.9 to 10.7%, and that for the added zinc ranged from 99.0 to 102.2% with coefficient of variation ranging from 2.1 to 9.1%. In repeated measurements of zinc in the blood, good reproducibility and interindividual variation were proved(p<0.01). In comparison of the lead and zinc concentrations in the blood determined by the standard addition method and standard method, there were good correlations between 2 sets of data (r=0.9731 for lead and r=0.9785 for zinc), although lead levels were estimated higher by the former method(p<0.01) and zinc levels by the latter method(p<0.01). It can be concluded that lead and zinc levels in blood standard addition method is reliable for determination of lead and zinc in the blood with good accuracy and reproducibility.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 2001

In those patients who underwent radiation therapy with 10 MV X-ray for bone marrow transfer, compared the effect of high dose irradiation on peripheral blood were investigated in randomly selecting 18 patients. thus, changes in the levels of peripheral blood (WBC, Seg. neutrophil, Lymphocyte, RBC, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit ratio, GOT, GPT) were observed for 25 days after irradiation with the peripheral blood levels before irradiation in these patients and in 32 controls. Among changes in peripheral blood, the level of WBC was $8.63\%$ after radiation therapy with as much decrease as $0.22{\times}103{\pm}0.19{\times}103/mm^3$ compared with $2.51{\times}103{\pm}1.29{\times}103/mm^3$ before radiation therapy, and was only $6.35\%$ of $7.17{\times}103/mm^3{\pm}1.46{\times}103/mm^3$ in the controls, showing statistical significance (P<0.01, r2=0.9151). In the morphologic test of WBC, the level of Seg. neutrophil was decreased as much as to $20.53\%$ with $14.17{\pm}21.60\%$ compared with $69.00{\pm}25.60\%$ before irradiation, and decreased down to $24.39\%$ compared with $58.09{\pm}7.62\%$ in the controls (P<0.05, r2=0.6316). The number of lymphocyte increased as much as 3.94 folds at $79.91{\pm}27.30\%$ compared with $20.29{\pm}21.15\%$ before irradiation and was 2.39 times higher than $33.46{\pm}6.79\%$ in the controls (P<0.05, r2=0.7337). Although the change in the number of RBC was little with $3.18{\times}106{\pm}0.41{\times}106/mm^3$ before irradiation and $4.66{\times}106{\pm}0.43{\times}106/mm^3$ in the controls, no statistical significance was present (P>0.05). In addition, The number of hemoglobin was low compared with before irradiation and with the controls, but none showed statistical significance (P>0.05). Similarly, although the hematocrit ratio was low compared with before irradiation and with the controls, no statistical significance was present (P>0.05). In the values of the histologic examinations GOT and GPT, there is statistical significance between those from with before irradiation and with the controls (P<0.05). Thus, among peripheral blood, the number of WBC decreased drastically for a certain period after total body irradiation with high dose radiation, and the levels of Seg. neutriphil and lymphocyte decreased significantly after irradiation in the lymphocyte morphologic test. The results of the present study suggest that the possibility of developing the first to determine initially those patients who might develop radiation acute impairment using the usual peripheral blood test of patients to be exposed to high dose irradiation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.201-212
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the association between Sasang constitution and type A/B personality. Method: The subjects for this study were 113 Korean adults living in Kangwon Province, the northeastern part of Korea. The data were collected from March 10 to April 13. 2002 using a structured questionnaire. The instrument for this study were QCSSII (Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Clsssification II) by Kim et al.(1996), and the Revised Type A/B personality by Eysenck & Fulker(1983). The data were analyzed through the SPSS 10.0 for Windows program using frequency, percentage, $x^2$-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the study are as follows : 1. Of 113 Korean adults, the portion who were Taieum-in, Soeum-in, Soyang-in was 39.8%, 34.5%, 25.7% respectively. 2. For type A/B personality, mixed type was most common, 19.4% of the participants were of type B and 8.0%., type A. 3. For type A/B behavior, mixed type was most common at 47.8% and type A was 2.7%. 4. There were statistically significant differences in the Sasang constitutional type according to BMI (F=14.542, P<.001), and alcohol consumption (F=4.256, p<.018). 5. There were significant difference between type A/B Personality and BMI (F=3.592, P<.032). 6. The data shows correlations between BMI and amount smoked per day (r=2.74, P<.004), between BMI and alcohol consumption (r=-.303, p<.008), between BMI and Sasang constitutional type (r= -.592, p<.0001), between BMI and type A/B personality (r=285, p<.011), between amount smoked per day and alcohol consumption (r= .-361, p<.001). between alcohol consumption and Sasang constitutional type (r=-.306, p<.019). between perceived health state and type A/A personality (r= .246, p<.011). Conclusion: According to the above findings, it can be concluded that further research is need to understand the Sasang constitution for the discipline of Nursing and for nurses to prepare nursing protocols relevant to Sasang constitutional care. Also, Sasang constitution has to be considered in research and practice in the health care delivery system.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 1992

The molecular structure of a natural compound was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound was isolated by methanol extraction and repeated chromatography from the stem of Paulownia tomentosa. Yellow prismatic crystals of the compound, which were recrystallized from tetrahydrofuran, are triclinic, with a = 7.310 (6), b = 10.753(6), c = 11.586(5) ${\AA}.\;\alpha= 93.30(6),\;\beta=105.62(10),\;\gamma=109.49(7)^\circ,\;D_x=1.514,\;D_m=1.51 g/cm^3$, space group P1 and Z = 2. The structure was solved by direct method, and refined by least-squares procedure to the final R-value of 0.032 for 1271 independent reflections $(F\le3\sigma{(F))}$. The compound is one of new furanquinone analogue. The molecule has a nearly planar conformation with an intramolecular hydrogen bond. In the crystal, the planar molecules are arranged as a prallel sheet-like pattern, and these stackings are stabilized by the O-H...O type intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The other intermolecular contacts appear to be the normal van der Waals interactions.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.399-403
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• 1993

Si(111)7 $\times$ 7 위에 Mg를 흡착시켜 표면구조의 변화를 RHEED(Reflection High Energy Electron diffraction) 와 XPS(X-ray PhotoelectronSpectroscopy)를 이용하여 연구하였다. RT ~20$0^{\circ}C$까지의 기판온도에서 증착량의 증가에 따라 표면구조는 (7$\times$7)에서 diffused (1$\times$1) 그리고 (2 3 3 $\times$2√3√3-R30$^{\circ}$) 구조로 변화하였다. 또한, 기판온도를 증가시킴에 따라 (1$\times$1), three domain(3$\times$1) 등의 구조를 볼 수 있었고, 특히 , $450^{\circ}C$의 기판온도에서는 single domain (3$\times$1) 구조를 최초로 관측하였다. 이렇게 형성된 각 구조에 대한 Mg KLL과 Si2p의 XPS peak intensity ratio를 증착량의 증가에 따라 측정하여 각기 다른 온도에서의 Mg 성장에 대한 메카니즘을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

Gibberellic acid (GA) was applied to field-grown 3-year-old North American ginseng (Panax quinqueiolius L.) between 1 and 4 times, before and during bloom in 1999. Applications of both GA$_3$ and GA$\sub$4+7/ four times (x4) to the developing inflorescences increased maximum pedicel length, and seed head diameter and height. Treatment with GA$\sub$4+7/ increased mean and total root fresh weight linearly, whereas those treated with GA$_3$ did not show similar increases. Both GA$_3$ and GA$\sub$4+7/ at 50, 100 and 200 mg L$\^$-1/ (x4) increased the incidence of breaking of dormancy of perennating buds with GA$_3$ being twice as effective as GA$\sub$4+7/. Both GA$_3$ and GA$\sub$4+7/ treatments resulted in an increased number of new bud initials forming per root, with the number of new initials per root increased two-fold by the GA$_3$ sprays compared to GA$\sub$4+7/.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life and depression in nursing students between Korean and Cambodians. Methods: The subjects of this study were 223 students taking up a four-year nursing course in colleges located in Area A in Korea and Area B in Cambodia. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: The total score on quality of life among the Korean students was significantly higher than that of the Cambodian students (t=-4.596, p<.001), while the total score on depression was lower in the Korean students compared to that of the Cambodian students. There was a statistically significant difference in the scores (t=5.179, p<001). When the levels of depression were compared, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant - the Korean students had 92.7% normal and 7.3% mild depression, while the Cambodian students had 80.9% normal and 19.1% mild depression (x²=6.781, p=.009). As a result of analyzing the correlation between the total scores on depression and quality of life, a statistically significant correlation was found in both Korean (r=-.721, p<.001) and Cambodian (r=-.508, p<.001) students. Conclusion: Therefore, a nursing intervention that considers the cultural differences should be developed in order to improve emotional response and quality of life of cambodian students.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2002

The complex [Zn(L)₂(H₂O)₄] (1) (L = isonicotinate) has been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1, with a = 6.9062(4) , b = 9.2618(7) , c = 6.3313(3) , α = 104.986(6)°, β = 112.865(4)°, γ = 96.213(6)°, V = 350.41(4) , Z = 1, R₁(wR₂) for 1225 observed reflections of [I > 2σ(I)] was 0.0209 (0.0591). The coordination environment of the zinc atom can be described as an octahedron in which the isonicotinato ligands are mutually trans. Compound 1 is also connected into a two-dimensional chain via hydrogen-bonds.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 1992

Chemotactic responses of five motile saprophytic and one phytopathogenic bacteria e.g. Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus subtilis, B. polymyxa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and Xanthomonas malvacearum towards exudate of Cochliobolus sativus conidia, Fusarium of oxysporum f. sp. ciceri chlamydospores, Macrophomina phaseolina sclerotia and Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani oospores were determined in vitro at different abiotic conditions. In general, a positive correlation (r=0.76 to 0.89; P=0.05) was observed between concentration of fungal exudates and attraction of bacterial cells. Similarly, a significant (P=0.05; r=+0.82 to 0.95) positive correlation was noticed between chemotactic response and incubation period. The chemotactic response of bacteria was greatly influenced by temperature and pH of the test fungal exudate. The optimum temperature for maximum chemotaxis was $25^{\circ}C$ for A. radiobacter, $30^{\circ}C$ for B. polymyxa, P. aerugionosa, P. fluorescens and X. malvacearum and $35^{\circ}C$ for B. subtilis. Fungal exudates maintained at pH 7 attracted maximum number of bacteria. The response of bacterial cells to exudates at pH 3 and 11 was not significantly (P=0.05) different than that to the buffer (control). Chemotaxis of bacteria was observed towards attractants (fungal propagules and their exudates) when they were kept apart and bridged with the capillaries filled with non-attractant (buffer) or attractant (exudate).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2004

Several transition metal complexes, [$M(L)X_2$](M=Pd(II), Ni(II); X=CI, Br) are prepared with aminophosphine ligands such as 1,2-bis{(diphenylphosphino)amino}ethane{$Ph_2PNHCH_2CH_2NHPPh_2$}($L_1$), 1,2-bis{(diphenylphosphino)amino}propane{$Ph_2PNHCH(CH_3)CH_2NHPPh_2$}($L_2$), trans-1,2-bis{(diphenylphosphino)amino}cyclohexane{$Ph_2PNHC_6H_{10}NHPPh_2$}($L_3$) and 1,2-bis{(diphenylphosphino)amino}benzene{$Ph_2PNHC_6H_4NHPPh_2$}($L_4$). The properties of these complexes are characterized by optical spectroscopic methods including UV/vis spectroscopy, CD, IR, $^1H$- and $^{31}P-NMR$ together with conductometer and elemental analysis. All complexes are stable under atmospheric environment. Catalytic reactivity for C-C coupling between [$M(L)X_2$] and Grignard reagents(RMgX; R=phenyl, propyl, buthyl) by thermolysis were investigated utilizing GC/mass, $^1H$- and $^{13}C-NMR$. When mol scale is 1:20 at [$Pd(L)Cl_2$] and Grignard reagents, the high catalytic activity for C-C coupling is apparent. The [$M(L)X_2$](X=Cl, Br) complexes which have strong bond at M-P exhibit high yields for C-C coupling reactions. When the central metal ion is Pd(II), the high catalytic activity for C-C coupling is apparent. The complex coordinated with Br shows higher catalytic activity for C-C coupling reactions compared to Cl.