• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.277-288
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to provide basic information for preventing high school students from smoking by examining their actual smoking condition and their knowledge and attitude about smoking. Method: The subjects were 515 students selected from six(6), high schools in Jecheon. Data were collected using a questionnaire from the 1st to the 17th of December 2002. The author prepared the tool by modifying the scale of knowledge and attitude about smoking developed by Moon(2001). Data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN program using frequencies, percentages, $x^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA. Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result: 1. The percentage of ex-smoking students was 29.9% of male students and 18.6% of female ones. The percentage of currently smoking students was 23.9% of male students and 3.0% of female ones. The percentage of non-smoking students was 46.2% of male students and 78.4% of female ones, 2. There were not significant differences in smoking knowledge according to smoking status in male and female students. 3. There were significant differences in smoking attitude according to smoking status in male(F=32.70, p=.000) and female(F=11.15, p=.000) students. 4. In smoking status according to general characteristics, there were significant differences according to the type of school($x^2$=32.93, p=.000), grade($x^2$=11.91, p=.018), educational level of the father($x^2$=30.52, p=.000) and the mother($x^2$=14.23, p=.027), monthly allowance($x^2$=17.19, p=.028), harmony of family members($x^2$=15.23, p=.019), school life($x^2$=26.96, p=.00l) and school record($x^2$=30.24, p=.000). 5. In smoking status according to smoking-related characteristics, there were significant differences according to experience in cigarette purchase($x^2$=150.04. p=.000), experience in errands for cigarette($x^2$=20.00, p=.000), knowledge of cigarette price($x^2$=72.52, p=.000), close friends' smoking($x^2$=107.41. p=.000) and smoking of brothers and sisters($x^2$=16.97, p=.002). 6. There were significant correlation between knowledge and attitude about smoking in the whole students(r=.337. p=.000), ex-smokers(r=.324. p=.000), non-smokers(r=.369. p=.000) but there was not a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude about smoking in current smokers(r=.128. p=.30l). Conclusion: Smoking prevention education should considered students' smoking status. Current smokers need smoking prevention education aiming to change their attitude toward smoking in order for them to reduce smoking and to practice smoking cessation.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2021

We investigate the effect of phosphorous content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe_83.2Si_5.33-0.33xB_10.67-0.67xP_xCu_0.8 (x = 1-4 at.%) nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys. The simultaneous addition of Cu and P to nanocrystalline alloys reportedly decreases the nanocrystalline size significantly, to 10-20 nm. In the P-containing nanocrystalline alloy, P atoms are distributed in an amorphous residual matrix, which suppresses grain growth, increases permeability, and decreases coercivity. In this study, nanocrystalline ribbons with a composition of Fe_83.2Si_5.33-0.33xB_10.67-0.67xP_xCu_0.8 (x = 1-4 at.%) are fabricated by rapid quenching melt-spinning and thermal annealing. It is demonstrated that the addition of a small amount of P to the alloy improves the glass-forming ability and increases the resistance to undesirable Fe_x(B,P) crystallization. Among the alloys investigated in this work, an Fe_83.2Si₅B₁₀P₁Cu_0.8 nanocrystalline ribbon annealed at 460℃ exhibits excellent soft-magnetic properties including low coercivity, low core loss, and high saturation magnetization. The uniform nanocrystallization of the Fe_83.2Si₅B₁₀P₁Cu_0.8 alloy is confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 2015

The ferromagnetic and electronic structure for the $Al_xGa_{1-x}P$ and Mn-doped $AlGaP_2$ was studied by using the self-consistent full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method. The lattice parameters of un-doped $Al_xGa_{1-x}P$ (x = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) were optimized. The band-structure and the density of states of Mn-doped $AlGaP_2$ with or without the vacancy were investigated in detail. The P-3p states at the Fermi level dominate rather than the other states. Thus a strong interaction between the Mn-3d and P-3p states is formed. The ferromagnetic ordering of dopant Mn with high magnetic moment is induced due to the (Mn-3d)-(P-3p)-(Mn-3d) hybridization, which is attributed by the partially filled P-3p bands. The holes are mediated with keeping their 3d-characters, therefore the ferromagnetic state is stabilized by this double-exchange mechanism.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.251-260
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• 2019

It has been little known when an Artinian (point) quotient has the strong Lefschetz property. In this paper, we find the Artinian complete intersection quotient having the SLP. More precisely, we prove that if ${\mathbb{X}}$ is a complete intersection in ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ of type (2, 2) and ${\mathbb{Y}}$ is a finite set of points in ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ such that ${\mathbb{X}}{\cup}{\mathbb{Y}}$ is a basic configuration of type (2, a) with $a{\geq}3$ or (3, a) with a = 3, 4, 5, 6, then $R/(I_{\mathbb{X}}+I_{\mathbb{Y}})$ has the SLP. We also show that if ${\mathbb{X}}$ is a complete intersection in ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ of type (3, 2) and ${\mathbb{Y}}$ is a finite set of points in ${\mathbb{P}}^2$ such that ${\mathbb{X}}{\cup}{\mathbb{Y}}$ is a basic configuration of type (3, 3) or (3, 4), then $R/(I_{\mathbb{X}}+I_{\mathbb{Y}})$ has the SLP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.107-119
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• 2008

To determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs, two experiments were designed with the experimental diets containing five true digestible P levels (0.16%, 0.20%, 0.23%, 0.26% and 0.39%) and the ratio of total calcium to true digestible P (TDP) kept at 2:1. In Experiment 1, five barrows (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average initial body weight of 27.9 kg were used in a $5{\times}5$ Latin-square design to evaluate the effect of different dietary P levels on the digestibility and output of P and nitrogen. In Experiment 2, sixty healthy growing pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average body weight (BW) of 21.4 kg were assigned randomly to one of the five dietary treatments (12 pigs/diet), and were used to determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs on the basis of growth performance and serum biochemical indices. The results indicated that the true digestibility of P increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing dietary TDP level below 0.26%. The true P digestibility was highest (56.6%) when dietary TDP was 0.34%. Expressed as g/kg dry matter intake (DMI), fecal P output increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing P input. On the basis of g/kg fecal dry matter (DM), fecal P output was lowest for Diet 4 and highest (p<0.05) for Diet 5. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) did not differ (p>0.05) among the five diets, with the average nitrogen output of 12.14 g/d and nitrogen retention of 66% to 74% (p>0.05), which suggested that there was no interaction between dietary P and CP protein levels. During the 28-d experimental period of Experiment 2, the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs was affected by dietary TDP levels as described by Eq. (1): $y=-809,532x^4+788,079x^3-276,250x^2+42,114x-1,759$; ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = ADG, g/d; x = dietary TDP, %), F/G for pigs by Eq. (2): $y=3,651.1x^4-3,480.4x^3+1,183.8x^2-172.5x+10.9$ ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = F/G; x = dietary TDP, %), and Total P concentrations in serum by Eq. (3): $y=-3,311.7x^4+3,342.7x^3-1,224.6x^2+195.6x-8.7$ (R2 = 0.99; p<0.01; y = total serum P concentration and x = dietary TDP, %). The highest ADG (782 g/d), the lowest F/G (1.07) and the highest total serum P concentration (3.1 mmol/L) were obtained when dietary TDP level was 0.34%. Collectively, these results indicate that the optimal TDP requirement of growing pigs is 0.34% of the diet at a total Ca to TDP ratio of 2:1.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1263-1266
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of some production factors on commercial production of Etawah Crossbred Goats (ECG) of Inpres Desa Tertinggal member groups (AKIDT) at Krasak, Pandansari, Brajan, and Kragilan villages in Boyolali regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The study was from February to April 2000. Eighty respondents of AKIDT were selected by simple random sampling and the data were analyzed using Cobb Douglas Production Function. The results showed that ECG production simultaneously were highly significant (p<0.01) influenced by amount of feed consumed (kg TDN/year, $x_1$), number of does of ECG (Animal Unit/year, $x_2$), number of kids and does/ barn/year (Animal Unit/year, $x_3$), labor use (man-days/year, $x_4$) and work capital (US$/year, $x_5$) with $R^2= 0.6568$. In addition, ECG production was partially influenced by $x_2$, $x_3$ and $x_5$ (p<0.01) and $x_1$ (p<0.05), but not significant (p>0.05) by $x_4$. Technically, production factors of $x_1$, $x_2$, $x_3$, $x_4$, $x_5$ had reached technique efficiency (0$x_1$, $x_3$, $x_4$, $x_5$ did not showed efficiency (Ep<1) and $x_2$ was not efficient yet.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 1991

This study was carried out ot investigate effects of X-537A on hydrogen ion concentration insperm washed solution and sperm acrosome reaction. The results obtained were as follows. 1. When bovine sperm was twice washed with SHP solutions of pH 6.8 and 7.4 and again washed with SHP solution containing 4$\mu$M of X-537A, in case of pH 6.8 the sperm washed with 4$\mu$M of X-537A showed signifciantly(p<0.01) higher hydrogen ion concentration in sperm washed solution than the sperm washed without X-537A. 2. When the sperm was twice washed with SHP solution and then washed with SHP solution containing 4$\mu$M of X-537A, sperm acrosome rection rate was signifciantly(p<0.01) increased from 12min after incubation in the sperm washed without X-537A, but was signifciantly(p<0.01) increased from 8 min after incubation in the sperm washed with 4$\mu$M of X-537A. 3. When the sperm was twice washed with SHP solution and then washed with SHP solution containing 0, 4 and 40$\mu$M of X-537A, and then incubated in m-TALP for 120 min, sperm acrosome reaction rate was significantly(p<0.01) increased from 15 min after incubation in 0, 4 and 40$\mu$m OF X-537A. However at 60 min incubation 40$\mu$M of X-537A showed significantly(p<0.01) higher sperm acrosome reaction rate than 0 and 4$\mu$M and at 120 min incubation 4 and 40$\mu$M of X-537A showed signifciantly(p<0.01) higher acrosome reaction rate than 0$\mu$M of X-537A.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2000

The present invention relates to a absorption rotor for removed VOC(volatile organic compound) and humidity in semiconductor clean room system. A absorption rotor medium is made by NaX zeolite and TS-1 zeolite formed on a honeycomb matrix of ceramic papers. The crystallization of NaX zeolite was hydrothermal reaction, and NaX zeolite crystals of a uniform particle size of 5$\mu$m were synthesized that NaX zeolite seed crystals (2~3$\mu$m) added in a batch composition at levels of 3~15 wt$\%$. The seeding resulted in an increase in the fraction of large crystals compared with unseeded batches and successfully led to a uniform NaX zeolite crystal. The microporous zeolite-type titanosilicate(TS-1) was synthesized by different of the reactant solution pH. The pH range of reactant solution has been changed from 10.0 to 11.5 TS-1 zeolite (ETS-10), having a large pore(8~10 $\AA$), was synthesized at 10.4 of pH, since TS-1 zeolite (ETS-4), having a small pore(3~5$\AA$), was synthesized at 11.5 of pH.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare health behavior between obese children and those with standard body weight, analyzing the correlation in their health behavior, and further making it useful data for the development of programs for a better education on health. Methods: To achieve the goal of this survey as mentioned, we have carried out a research targeting on a total of 636 elementary school students, 505 children of standard body weight and 131 children of obesity, all of whom belong to elementary school students in Seoul, the capital city of Korea. And we have itemized the research into 'eating habits', 'physical activity, 'dieting experience in the past', and 'stress and release management' in order to spot the specific health behavior leading to obesity. Results: 1. Factors for diseases mainly from obesity were statistically significantly differentdepending on degree of the subjects' self-respect and a history of obesity in their families, father($x^2$=7.172, p=.007), mother($x^2$=9.011, p=.003), and siblings($x^2$=12.431, p=.000). 2. Regarding the subjects' eating habits, some items were statistically significantly different: taking algae($x^2$=3.324, p=.043), eating breakfast($x^2$=6.070, p=.010), and eating fast($x^2$=8.551, p=.002). 3. There were some statistically significant differences in the subjects' dieting experience. For the latest 1 year, they made some attempts for that: fasting($x^2$=4.229, p=.040), reduction of eating($x^2$=25.377, p=.000), eating one meal a day($x^2$=5.582, p=.018) 4. OR(Odd Ratio)of Percieued obesity was 0.15 in the subjects' under weight than normal weight. And there was OR(Odd Ratio) 11.72 in the subjects' over weight. We can witness obese children think that they are over weight(p=.000).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.8
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• pp.11-25
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• 1968

Various formulae for estimation of leaf production in mulberry trees were investigated and obtained. Four varieties of mulberry trees were used as the materials, and seven characters namely branch length. branch diameter, node number per branch, total branch weight, branch weight except leaves, leaf weight and leaf area, were studied. The formulae to estimate the leaf yield of mulberry trees are as follows: 1. Varietal differences were appeared in means, variances, standard devitations and standard errors of seven characters studied as shown in table 1. 2. Y$_1$=a$_1$X$_1$${\times}$P$_1$......(l) where Y$_1$ means yield per l0a by branch number and leaf weight determination. a$_1$.........leaf weight per branch. X$_1$.......branch number per plant. P$_1$........plant number per l0a. 3. Y$_2$=(a$_2$${\pm}$S. E.${\times}$X$_2$)+P$_1$.......(2) where Y$_2$ means leaf yield per l0a by branch length and leaf weight determination. a$_2$......leaf weight per meter of branch length. S. E. ......standard error. X$_2$....total branch length per plant. P$_1$........plant number per l0a as written above. 4. Y$_3$=(a$_3$${\pm}$S. E${\times}$X$_3$)${\times}$P$_1$.....(3) where Y$_3$ means of yield per l0a by branch diameter measurement. a$_3$.......leaf weight per 1cm of branch diameter. X$_3$......total branch diameter per plant. 5. Y$_4$=(a$_4$${\pm}$S. E.${\times}$X$_4$)P$_1$......(4) where Y$_4$ means leaf yield per 10a by node number determination. a$_4$.......leaf weight per node X$_4$.....total node number per plant. 6. Y$\sub$5/= {(a$\sub$5/${\pm}$S. E.${\times}$X$_2$)Kv}${\times}$P$_1$.......(5) where Y$\sub$5/ means leaf yield per l0a by branch length and leaf area measurement. a$\sub$5/......leaf area per 1 meter of branch length. K$\sub$v/......leaf weight per 100$\textrm{cm}^2$ of leaf area. 7. Y$\sub$6/={(X$_2$$\div$a$\sub$6/${\pm}$S. E.)}${\times}$K$\sub$v/${\times}$P$_1$......(6) where Y$\sub$6/ means leaf yield estimated by leaf area and branch length measurement. a$\sub$6/......branch length per l00$\textrm{cm}^2$ of leaf area. X$_2$, K$\sub$v/ and P$_1$ are written above. 8. Y$\sub$7/= {(a$\sub$7/${\pm}$S. E. ${\times}$X$_3$)}${\times}$K$\sub$v/${\times}$P$_1$.......(7) where Y$\sub$7/ means leaf yield estimates by branch diameter and leaf area measurement. a$\sub$7/......leaf area per lcm of branch diameter. X$_3$, K$\sub$v/ and P$_1$ are written above. 9. Y$\sub$8/= {(X$_3$$\div$a$\sub$8/${\pm}$S. E.)}${\times}$K$\sub$v/${\times}$P$_1$.......(8) where Y$\sub$8/ means leaf yield estimates by leaf area branch diameter. a$\sub$8/......branch diameter per l00$\textrm{cm}^2$ of leaf area. X$_3$, K$\sub$v/, P$_1$ are written above. 10. Y$\sub$9/= {(a$\sub$9/${\pm}$S. E.${\times}$X$_4$)${\times}$K$\sub$v/}${\times}$P$_1$......(9) where Y$\sub$7/ means leaf yield estimates by node number and leaf measurement. a$\sub$9/......leaf area per node of branch. X$_4$, K$\sub$v/, P$_1$ are written above. 11. Y$\sub$10/= {(X$_4$$\div$a$\sub$10/$\div$S. E.)${\times}$K$\sub$v/}${\times}$P$_1$.......(10) where Y$\sub$10/ means leaf yield estimates by leaf area and node number determination. a$\sub$10/.....node number per l00$\textrm{cm}^2$ of leaf area. X$_4$, K$\sub$v/, P$_1$ are written above. Among many estimation methods. estimation method by the branch is the better than the methods by the measurement of node number and branch diameter. Estimation method, by branch length and leaf area determination, by formulae (6), could be the best method to determine the leaf yield of mulberry trees without destroying the leaves and without weighting the leaves of mulberry trees.