• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.57-63
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• 2013

In this study, the characteristics of degradation and mineralization of diazinon using a statistical approach based on Box-Behnken design (BBD, one of response surface method) was investigated in an E-beam process, and also the main factors with diazinon concentration ($X_1$), irradiatin intensity ($X_2$) and pH ($X_3$) which consisted of 3 levels in each factor was set up to determine the effects of factors and optimization. At first, effects of pH and diazinon concentration were investigated to determine the proper range of application on response surface method(RSM). In statistical approach, the regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to evaluate the quantitative comparison of each factors in order to obtain the effects were irradiation intensity>diazinon concentration>pH. The regression model predicted the optimization point using the response optimizer to consider the effects of operation conditions were $Y_1=81.73-5.58X_1+23.69X_2-14.23X{_2}^2+4.22X{_3}^2(R^2=99.7%)$, $Y_2=35.23-3.01X_1+10.79X_2-7.58X_2{^2}(R^2=97.9%)$ and 95.7% of diazinon degradation, 41.8% of TOC reduction at 12.75mg/L and 4.26kGy, respectively. The pH condition was not significantly affects on E-beam process than other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs).

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.513-518
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• 2003

La/sub 2/3-x/Li/sub 3x/□/sub 1/3-2x/TiO₃ compounds with x=0.13 and 0.12 were prepared by slow cooling (x=0.13) and rapid quenching (x=0.12) into the liquid nitrogen after sintering at 1350℃ for 6 h. Their crystal structure has been determined by Rietveld refinement of both the powder neutron and X-ray diffraction data. From neutron diffraction data, we found that the main phase was not tetragonal (P4/mmm), but trigonal (R3cH). The refinement of neutron diffraction for the slow cooled samples were in a good agreement with a new model; a mixture of trigonal (R3cH, 45.7 wt％), tetragonal (p4/mmm, 37.0 wt％), and Li/sub 0.57/Ti/sub 0.86/O₂(pbnm, 17.2 wt%), but the quenched sample was found not to contain tetragonal (p4/mmm). X-ray diffraction data couldn't be well fitted because of the Poor scattering factor of lithium ions and the similar reflection patterns among trigonal (R3cH), tetragonal (p4/mmm), and cubic (Pm3m). We also knew that one transport bottlenecks is destroyed by one La vacancy in the case of trigonal (R3cH).

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2006

Effects of V substitution of Fe on the magnetic properties of $Fe_3O_4$ have been investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurements on sol-gel-grown films. XRD data indicates that the $V_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ films maintain cubic structure up to x=1.0 with little change of the lattice constant. Analyses on V 2p and Fe 2p levels of the XPS data indicate that V exist as $V^{3+}$ mostly in the $V_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ films with the density of $V^{2+}$ ions increasing with increasing V content. Analyses on the CEMS data indicate that $V^{3+}$ ions substitute tetrahedral $Fe^{3+}$ sites mostly, while $V^{2+}$ ions octahedral $Fe^{2+}$ sites. Results of room-temperature VSM measurements on the films reveal that the saturation magnetization for the x=0.14 sample is larger than that of $Fe_3O_4$, while it becomes smaller than that of $Fe_3O_4$ for $x{\geq}0.5$. The coercivity of the $V_xFe_{3-x}O_4$ films is found to increase with x, attributed to the increase of anisotropy by the substitution of $V^{2+}(d^3)$ ions into the octahedral sites.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 1984

In this paper, we find the Fourier series of X(t, .omega.).mem. $L^{2}$$_{s.a.p.}$ and the Parseval relation of X(t, .omega.).mem. $L^{2}$$_{s.a.p.}$. In section 2, we investigate some basic properties of X(t, .omega.).mem. $L^{2}$$_{s.a.p.}$ In section 3, we show that the mean of X(t, .omega.).mem. $L^{2}$$_{s.a.p.}$ exists and in section 4, after showing the existence of Fourier exponents and Fourier coefficients of X(t, .omega.).mem. $L^{2}$$_{s.a.p.}$. we give the Parseval relation of X(t, .omega.).mem. $L^{2}$$_{s.a.p.}$. For convenience we will denote X(t, .omega.) as X(t) in what follows.hat follows.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 1988

The hop yield prediction model developed based on meteorological elements in Hoeongseong was Y=6,042.846-17.665 $X_1$-0.919 $X_2$-96.538 $X_3$-138.105 $X_4$＋86.910 $X_{5}$ ＋ $X_{6}$ with MS $E_{p}$ of 25.258, $R_{p}$$^{2}$ of 0.9991, R $a_{p}$$^{2}$ of 0.9962 and $C_{p}$ of 7.00. The minimum air temperature at early growing stage ( $X_1$), the total precipitation at cone ripening stage ( $X_2$), the maximum air temperature at flower bud differentiation stage ( $X_3$) and the maximum air temperature at flowering stage ( $X_4$) influenced on hop yield as decrement weather elements. The average air temperature at early growing stage ( $X_{5}$ ) and the total sunshine hours at cone development stage ( $X_{6}$ ) influenced on hop yield as increment weather elements.lements.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.514-521
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• 2007

The purinoreceptor, $P2X_3$ is a ligand-gated cation channel activated by extracellular ATP. It has been reported that ATP can be released during inflammation and tissue damage, which in turn may activate $P2X_3$ receptors to initiate nociceptive signals. However, little is known about the contribution of $P2X_3$ to the dental pain during pulpal inflammation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of $P2X_3$ and its colocalization with TRPV1 to understand the mechanism of pain transmission through $P2X_3$ in the human dental pulp with double labeling immunofluorescence method. In the human dental pulp, intense $P2X_3$ immunoreactiyity was observed throughout the coronal and radicular pulp. Of all $P2X_3$-positive fibers examined, 79.4% coexpressed TRPV1. This result suggests that $P2X_3$ along with TRPV1 may be involved in the transmission of pain and potentiation of noxious stimuli during pulpal inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to obtain some basic data necessary for more effective health education by questionnaire survey on the knowledge, attitude and preventive health behavior. The questionnaire forms were delivered to 500 university students in seoul during periods from 24 to 28, september, from 7 to 19, October, 1991. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) Washing hands after using toilet has relationship to sex (fece: $X^2=51.55$, urine: $X^2=36.25$, p<0.05). Index of female was higher than that of male. 2) Tooth brushing has relationship to sex ($X^2=13.28$, p<0.05). The tendency of practice of male and female was similar. 3) Changing of underwear 1~3 days were the highest and it has relationship to sex ($X^2=162.846$, p<0.05), birth place ($X^2=97.18$, p<0.05). Index of female was higher than that of male. 4) Bathing has relationship to sex ($X^2=80.92$, p<0.05). birth place ($X^2=54.18$, p<0.05, pocket money ($X^2=33.04$, p<0.05). 5) The attitude on occurrence of epidemic disease has relationship to sex ($X^2=70.33$, p<0.05). A female was more senstive than male. 6) In case of slight disease, a cold, illness from fatigue, the utilization of drug store was higher. The utilization of medical center according to disease has relationship to sex ($X^2=69.84$, p<0.05). 7) Medical behaviorism has relationship to school year ($X^2=35.18$, p<0.05), sex ($X^2=42.18$, p<0.05). 8) The utilization of school health center has relationship to sex ($X^2=10.73$, p<0.05), the school year ($X^2=72.09$, p<0.05), the pocket money ($X^2=38.80$, p<0.05). 9) The experience of health education has relationship to school year ($X^2=10.96$, p<0.05). No experence is 95.4%. 10) The subject for health-medical knowledge is necessary. The need for subject has relationship to sex ($X^2=10.86$, p<0.05).

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.312-316
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• 1994

In this study, ln$_{1-x}$ Ga$_{x}$P alloy crystal which has different compositions were grown by the temperature gradient solution(TGS) method, and the properties of deep levels were measured in the temperature range of 9OK-450K. We find the four deep levels of E$_{1}$, E$_{2}$(248meV), E$_{3}$(386meV) and E$_{4}$(618meV) in GaP, which has composition of Ga in In$_{1-x}$ Ga$_{x}$P is one, and the trap densities of E$_{3}$ and E4 levels were 7.5*10$^{14}$ cm$^{-3}$ and 9*10$^{14}$ cm$^{-3}$ , respectively. A broad deep level spectra was revealed in In$_{1-x}$ Ga$_{x}$P whose composition of Ga, x, were 0.56 and 0.83, and the activation energy and trap densities were about 430meV and 6*10$^{14}$ cm$^{-3}$ , respectively.ectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2003

고분자 키토산(분자량 약 800,000)을 농도별(0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%)로 김치를 제조하여, pH, 적정산도, 총균수, 젖산균 수, 대장균군 수 및 관능검사를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 1. 키토산 무첨가 김치는 발효 후 6일경에 pH가 초기 5.4에서 4.1로 급격히 떨어졌으며 그 후부터는 천천히 떨어져 발효 후 약 15일 경과 후에는 3.9로 나타났다. 그러나 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산을 첨가한 김치에서는 초기 pH 5.38, 5.30 및 5.28에서 6일경에는 pH가 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산에서 4.23, 4.34 및 4.47로 각각 나타났다. 15일 경과 후에는 0.1% 고분자 키토산 김치는 키토산 무첨가 김치와 거의 같은 pH인 3.9로 나타났으나 0.2%와 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 pH는 3.90보다 높은 4.10, 4.10으로 각각 나타났다. 2. 각 김치 종류별 적정산도를 측정한 결과는 발효초기에 모든 구가 0.72%로 나타났으며, 발효 후 6일 경에서는 키토산 무첨가, 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 적정산도는 각각 2.16%, 2.00%, 1.70% 및 1.30%로 나타났다. 그리고 15일 경과 후에는 키토산 무첨가 김치의 적정산도가 2.25%이였으나 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치는 각각 2.26%, 2.24 및 2.22%로 나타났다. 3. 발효가 진행 중에 총균수를 측정한 결과 시간과 더불어 총균수가 모든 구에 있어서 서서히 증가하였고 발효초기의 모든 김치구의 총균수는 2.5X105∼5.4X106 cfu/g 범위였으며, 김치 맛이 들기 시작한 6일경에서의 각 구별 총균수는 키토산 무첨가 김치가 2.4X109 cfu/g이였구 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 총균수는 각각 1.2X109 cfu/g, 4.0X108 cfu/g 및 1.1X107 cfu/g으로 나타났다. 그리고 김치가 완전히 익은 15일 후에는 무첨가 김치, 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 총균수는 5.4X107 cfu/g, 3.3X107 cfu/g, 1.8X108cfu/g 및 4.2X108 cfu/g로 나타났다. 4. 발효가 진행 중에 젖산균 수를 측정한 결과 시간과 더불어 젖산균 수가 모든 구에 있어서 서서히 증가하였으며, 발효초기의 모든 김치구의 젖산균 수는 2.0X104∼2.7X106 cfu/g 범위였으며 김치 맛이 들기 시작한 6일경에서의 각 구별 젖산균 수는 키토산 무첨가 김치가 3.2X108 cfu/g이었고, 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 젖산균 수는 각각 1.6X108 cfu/g, 13X108 cfu/g 및 9.6X107 cfu/g으로 나타났다. 그리고 김치가 완전히 익은 15일 후에는 무첨가 김치, 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 젖산균 수는 5.4X107 cfu/g, 3.3X107 cfu/g, 8.6X106 cfu/g 및 2.6X106 cfu/g로 나타났다. 5. 발효가 진행 중에 대장균 군 수가 시간과 더불어 대장균군 수가 모든 구에 있어서 6일까지는 서서히 증가하다가 그 후부터는 대장균 군 수가 감소하였다. 즉, 발효초기에는 모든 구가 2.0X104∼4.0X105 cfu/g이었고, 6일 경에는 8.9X104∼4.5X105 cfu/g로 약간 증가하였으며 15일후에는 키토산 무첨가 김치가 2.0X102 cfu/g이었으며, 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 대장균군 수는 각각 2.0X102 cfu/g, 1.1X102 cfu/g 및 4.0X101 cfu/g로 점점 감소하였다. 6. 관능검사 결과는 키토산 무첨가 김치와 0.1% 첨가 김치는 유사한 선호도를 나타내어 0.1% 첨가 김치가 기능성과 보존성을 높여줄 뿐만 아니라 선호도도 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 1978

For the study on occurrence of backache related to types of daily activities in adulthood Nine hundred twenty six adults living in Seoul were randomly selected as subjects from the eight kinds of occupation; housewives, teachers, nurses, officers, physicians, labourers, beauticians & barbers, and students. The purpose of this study was to identify various factors related to backache in daily activities and to apply these factors in clinical situations as well as in the community situations. This survey was conducted from September 21 through October 8, 1976. Under the ten hypothesis designed for this study, the. followings were obtained; 1. Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to sex difference at 0.5% level. (x$^2$= 27.85, df: 1, p<0.005) 2. Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to age groups at 2.5% level. (x$^2$= 11.13, df= 3, p<0.025) 3. Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to types of occupation at 2.5% level. (x$^2$= 18.04, df: 7, p<0.025) 4. Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to types of movement originated by hand during occupational activities at 1% level. (x$^2$= 14.23, df= 4, p<0.01) 5, Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to types f movement of legs during occupational activities at 0.5% level. x$^2$= 20.78, df: 3, p<0.005) . No significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to length f daily working hours. . Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to degree of exercises at the level. x$^2$= 6.01, df= 2, p<0.05) . Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to sleeping posture at 1% level. x$^2$= 9.61, df: 2, p<0.01). Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to ordinary pattern of mean posture score at 0.5% level. (t : 4.27, df: 924, p<0.005) 10. Significant difference was revealed mean posture scores according to period of backache history at 0.5% level. (f- ratio = 3.73, df= 4, 562 p<0.005).