• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.244-254
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• 2020

Gom-chwi (Ligularia fischeri) is severely infected with Phytophthora drechsleri, the causal organism of Phytophthora root rot, an economically important crop disease that needs management throughout the cultivation period. In the present study, Phytophthora root rot was controlled by using bacterial isolates from rhizosphere soils collected from various plants and screened for antagonistic activity against P. drechsleri. A total of 172 bacterial strains were isolated, of which, 49 strains showed antagonistic activities by dual culture assay. In the seedling assay, six out of the 49 strains showed a predominant effect on suppressing P. drechsleri. Among the six strains, the ObRS-5 strain showed remarkable against P. drechsleri when treated with seed dipping or soil drenching. The ObRS-5 strain was identified as Enterobacter asburiae based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences analysis. The bacterial cells of E. asburiae ObRS-5 significantly suppressed sporangium formation and zoospore germination in P. drechsleri by 87.4% and 66.7%, respectively. In addition, culture filtrate of E. asburiae ObRS-5 also significantly inhibited sporangium formation and zoospore germination by 97.0% and 67.6%, respectively. Soil drenched bacterial cells, filtrate, and culture solution of E. asburiae ObRS-5 effectively suppressed Phytophthora root rot by 63.2%, 57.9%, and 81.1%, respectively. Thus, E. asburiae ObRS-5 could be used as a potential agent for the biological control of Phytophthora root rot infecting gom-chwi.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

To calculate and predict soil carbon budget and cycle, it is important to understand the complex interrelationships involved in soil respiration rate (Rs). We attempted to reveal relationships between Rs and key environmental factors, such as soil temperature, using a laboratory incubation method. Soil samples were collected from mature deciduous (MD), mature coniferous (MC), immature deciduous (ID), and immature coniferous (IC) forests. Prior to measure, soils were pre-incubated for 3 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 60% of maximum water holding capacity (WHC). Samples of gasses were collected with 0, 2, and 4 h interval after the beginning of the measurement at soil temperatures of 5, 15, 25, and $35^{\circ}C$ (at 60% WHC). Air samples were collected using a syringe attached to the cap of closed bottles that contained the soil samples. The $CO_2$ concentration of each gas sample was measured by gas chromatography. Rs was strongly correlated with soil temperature (r, 0.93 to 0.96; P < 0.001). For MD, MC, ID, and IC soils taken from 0-5 cm below the surface, exponential functions explained 90%, 82%, 92%, and 86% of the respective data plots. The temperature and Rs data for soil taken from 5-10 cm beneath the surface at MD, MC, ID, and IC sites also closely fit exponential functions, with 83%, 95%, 87%, and 89% of the data points, respectively, fitting an exponential curve. The soil organic content in mature forests was significantly higher than in soils from immature forests (P < 0.001 at 0-5 cm and P < 0.005 at 5-10 cm) and surface layer (P = 0.04 at 0-5 cm and P = 0.12). High soil organic matter content is clearly associated with high Rs, especially in the surface layer. We determined that the incubation method used in this study have the possibility for comprehending complex characteristic of Rs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4063-4070
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• 2016

Background: Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes may contribute to susceptibility to lung cancer because of their critical involvement in mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the role of CYP2E1 rs2031920 and COMT rs4680 in a case-control study involving 462 lung cancer cases and 379 controls in Japanese. Logistic regression was used to assess adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Multiplicative and additive interactions with cigarette smoking or alcohol use were also examined. Results: Neither CYP2E1 rs2031920 nor COMT rs4680 was associated with lung cancer risk overall. However, smokers with the CC genotype of CYP2E1 rs2031920 (OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 2.26 - 5.63) presented a higher risk of lung cancer than those with at least one T allele (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.70 - 4.98) as compared to never-smokers with at least one T allele (reference). Subjects with excessive drinking and the CC genotype of CYP2E1 rs2031920 had a significantly higher risk (OR = 2.22, 95% CI =1.39 - 3.56) than appropriate drinkers with at least one T allele. A similar tendency was observed between COMT rs4680 and either smoking or drinking habits. There were no multiplicative or additive interactions between the polymorphisms and either smoking or alcohol use. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that CYP2E1 rs2031920 and COMT rs4680 are not major contributors to lung cancer risk in our Japanese population. Future studies on the genetics of lung cancer in Japanese and their environment interactions are required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7169-7174
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• 2014

Background: NPAS2 is a product of the circadian clock gene. It acts as a putative tumor suppressor by playing an important role in DNA damage responses, cell cycle control and apoptosis. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) appears to be an apoptosis related disorder and alteration in the NPAS2 gene might therefore be directly involved in the etiology of CLL. Here, the Ala394Thr polymorphism (rs2305160:G>A) in the NPAS2 gene was genotyped and melatonin concentrations were measured in a total of seventy-four individuals, including thirty-seven CLL cases and an equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy controls in order to examine the effect of NPAS2 polymorphism and melatonin concentrations on CLL risk in a Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: Genotyping of rs2305160:G>A polymorphism at NPAS2 locus was carried out by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Melatonin concentrations were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Results: Our results demonstrated no association of the variant Thr genotypes (Ala/Thr and Thr/Thr) with risk of CLL. Similarly, no association of rs2305160 with CLL was observed in either females or males after stratification of study population on a gender basis. Moreover, when the subjects with CLL were further stratified into shift-workers and non-shift-workers, no association of rs2305160 with CLL was seen in either case. However, significantly low serum melatonin levels were observed in CLL patients as compared to healthy subjects (p<0.05). Also, lower melatonin levels were seen in shift-workers as compared to non-shift-workers (p<0.05). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the melatonin levels across NPAS2 genotypes in all subjects, subjects with CLL who were either shift workers or non-shift-workers. General Linear Model (GLM) univariate analysis revealed no significant association (p>0.05) of the rs2305160 polymorphism of the NPAS2 gene with melatonin levels in any of the groups. Conclusions: While low melatonin levels and shift-work can be considered as one of the risk factors for CLL, the NPAS2 rs2305160 polymorphism does not appear to have any association with risk of CLL in our Pakistani population.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2019

Hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and hematocrit (Hct) values can be changed by factors such as erythrocyte production, destruction, and bleeding. In addition, variants in the protein expression involved in the amount of red blood cells that determine Hb metabolism or Hct value can increase susceptibility to complex blood diseases. Previous studies have reported significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by applying a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on Hb levels and Hct values in European population. In this study, we confirmed whether the significant SNPs are replicated in Koreans. In previous studies, 26 and 18 SNPs with a significant correlation Hb and Hct were identified in Korean genotype data, and 21 and 12 SNPs were selected, respectively. The SNPs of PRKCE (rs10495928), TMPRSS6 (rs2235321, rs5756505, rs855791) were significantly associated with Hb (P<0.05). In the association analysis of Hct, the SNPs of HBS1L (rs6920211, rs9389268, rs9483788), PRKCE (rs4953318), SCGN (rs9348689) and TMPRSS6 (rs2413450) genes showed a significant correlation (P<0.05). Replicated SNPs and not replicated SNPs showed the difference of genetic distance calculated by Fst. The replicated SNPs with a significant correlation showed similar allele frequencies, whereas the not replicated SNPs showed a large difference in allele frequency. All replicated SNPs with significant correlations had Fst values less than 0.05, indicating that the genetic distance between the groups was close. On the other hand, the not replicated SNPs showed that the Fst value was 0.05 or more and the genetic distance was relatively large.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2020

Objectives: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder that is characterized by hyperkinetic movements. Previous studies have suggested that the serotonergic systems are correlated with TD vulnerability. In this study, the association between a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the serotonin 1A receptor gene (HTR1A) rs6295 and TD was investigated. Methods: We investigated whether HTR1A rs6295 SNP is associated with antipsychotic-induced TD in 280 Korean patients with schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia having TD (n=105) and those without TD (n=175) were matched for their antipsychotic exposures and other relevant variables. The HTR1A rs6295 SNP was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Results: There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypic (χ²=2.70, p=0.26) and allelic (χ²=1.87, p=0.17) frequencies between the patient groups with TD and without TD. There was no significant difference in total abnormal involuntary movement scale score (F=0.39, p=0.68) among the genotype group either. Conclusion: Although there were no differences in genotypic and allelic frequency between patient groups with and without TD, further studies on association of TD with other SNPs of HTRA1 are needed to understand the pathophysiological mechanism of TD.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2020

High blood pressure (HTN) is a condition in which blood pressure is kept higher than normal. Blood pressure trait measures systolic blood pressure (SBP) which is the highest pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) which is the lowest blood pressure. Pulse pressure (PP) is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Hypertension is known as a disease caused by the interaction of the environment and genetic factors. To date, studies have been conducted to find genes associated with hypertension. Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) analysis using European data from the UK Biobank reported new 535 loci were associated with blood pressure trait. Among them, 12 genes have been reported to have a significant correlation with SBP, DBP and PP. In the study, 12 genes polymorphisms were extracted based on KARE (Korean association resource) and then we performed linear regression of blood pressure trait. As a result, 6 SNPs of the 3 genes (rs12355413 and rs11006736 of ARMC4, rs2290883, rs2290884 and rs11039014 of LRP4, rs7234941 of BCL2) showed statistically significant correlation (P<0.05) with blood pressure trait. Of the 3 genes, 6 SNPs in 2 genes (rs9651357, rs12355413, rs11006736, rs1889522 of ARMC4 and rs4987774, rs7234941 of BCL2) showed significant correlation with hypertension. These results suggest that genetic polymorphisms of ARMC4, LRP4 and BCL2 genes are associated with blood pressure traits and hypertension in Korean population. Moreover, we expected to help understand the pathogenesis of hypertension.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2010

The Fas (TNF receptor superfamily, member 6) (FAS)/FAS ligand (FASLG) interaction plays a central role in the regulation of programmed cell death. FAS and FASLG polymorphisms in promoter regions affect transcriptional activities. To investigate whether FAS and FASLG polymorphisms are associated with the development and clinical phenotypes of stroke, 2 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FAS (rs1800682, -670C/T) and FASLG (rs763110, -844C/T) were selected and genotyped by direct sequencing in 220 stroke patients [107 ischemic stroke (IS), 77 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and 36 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)] and 369 control subjects. For the analysis of clinical symptoms, all stroke patients were divided into 3 clinical phenotypes according to the respective results of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Survey (NIHSS) and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the presence or absence of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The SNPStats, SNPAnalyzer, and Helixtree programs were used to analyze the genetic data. Multiple logistic regression models (codominant, dominant, and recessive) were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values. The promoter SNP rs1800682 was associated with stroke in the codominant (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.25-0.94, p=0.04) and dominant models (OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.30-0.87, p=0.011). However, a FASLG SNP (rs763110) was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.05). In the analysis of stroke types, rs1800682 was associated with IS in the codominant (OR=0.30, 95% CI=0.12-0.74, p=0.025), dominant (OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.23-0.88, p=0.018), and recessive models (OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.21-0.99, p=0.042). The genotype frequencies of rs1800682 were different between ICH and controls in the dominant model (OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.26-0.94, p=0.031) but not between SAH and controls. In the analysis of clinical symptoms, however, rs1800682 was not related to the 3 clinical phenotypes (NIHSS, MBI, and CRPS). These results suggest that a promoter SNP (rs1800682, -670C/T) in FAS may be associated with the development of stroke in the Korean population.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2007

경구를 통한 약물전달시스템 중 하나인 삼투압을 이용한 삼투정 펠렛의 제조는 타블렛 제형이 갖는 제조 공정상의 복잡함과, 생산비용 등의 문제들을 줄이고자 시도되었다. 삼투정 펠렛은 수팽윤성 시드층과 약물층 그리고 반투막층으로 구성되었으며, 이중에서 반투막층은 약물의 방출을 조절하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 이번 연구에서는 반투막층으로 사용되는 Eudragit RL과 RS의 비에 대한 영향과 코팅두께에 따른 약물방출 거동을 확인하고자 하였다. 모델약물인 니페디핀을 포함한 삼투정 펠렛의 제조는 유동층 코팅기를 이용하여 제조하였으며, 비교적 높은 코팅 수율과 $1300{\sim}1500\;{\mu}m$ 크기의 펠렛을 얻었다. 얻어진 펠렛의 Eudragit RL과 RS의 비에 따른 약물방출 거동을 보면, Eudragit RL의 비가 증가할수록 약물의 방출은 증가함을 확인하였다. 이는 Eudragit RL이 RS보다 친수성 4차 암모늄 그룹을 더 많이 갖기 때문이다. 또한 반투막의 코팅 두께가 증가할수록 약물의 방출이 지연됨을 확인하였다. 반투막과 모델약물의 pH의 변화에 대한 약물방출의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 pH 1.2, 6.5, 6.8, 7.2의 서로 다른 pH에서 실험을 실시하였으며, pH의 변화에 관계없이 약물방출이 안정적으로 일어남을 확인하였다. 이번 실험을 통하여 삼투정 펠렛의 약물방출은 펠렛의 반투막 조성과 코팅두께에 의존함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2020

Purpose: Mucin 1 (MUC1) was identified as a gastric cancer (GC) susceptibility gene by genome-wide association studies in Asians and candidate gene studies in Europeans. This study aimed to investigate the association between the MUC1 rs4072037 polymorphism and GC in terms of the Lauren classification and long-term clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 803 patients with GC and 816 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The association between the MUC1 rs4072037 variant and GC histological types and clinical outcomes, including tumor recurrence and prognosis was investigated. Results: The major A allele of rs4072037 was associated with increased GC risk (P<0.05). In subtype analysis, the association was most significant for diffuse-type GC (P<0.05) and in a dominant model (P<0.05), whereas there was no association with intestinal-type GC (P>0.05). Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed the heterozygote AG rs4072037 allele as an independent risk factor influencing tumor recurrence and disease-related death in diffusetype GC (P<0.05). but not in intestinal-type GC (P>0.05). Conclusions: The exonic single nucleotide polymorphism rs4072037 in MUC1 was associated with diffuse-type GC and was an independent risk factor influencing tumor recurrence and disease-related death in diffuse-type GC.