• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.2179-2187
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• 2008

The P2P technology has been widely used to distribute files efficiently, and its use in streaming is rapidly increasing. P2P streaming has issues about startup-delay, scalability, and real-time playback, however, what affects these factors has not been researched sufficiently. This paper suggests a buffering model for progressive download within mesh-based P2P system, which corresponds to downloading and playing the content at the same time. It is used to analyze PDF(Playback Deadline First), Rarest algorithms which are block-selection strategies of P2P streaming and proposes a mixed selection of them. The mixed block selection strategy dynamically performs different strategies based on whether the blocks to be played are received or not. In consequence, it enhances the QoS of streaming in a single peer point of view, as well as improving block distributions in an overlay network.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.210-217
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• 2003

An alternative method to the empirical approach such as Langmuir and Freundlich model, surface complexation model using thermodynamic database is used to simulate adsorption behavior of cadmium for oxide minerals. Sorption of cadmium onto amorphous silica ($SiO_2$) and synthetic goethite (${\alpha}$-FeOOH) at various conditions of pH, initial cadmium loading, oxide concentration, and ionic strength, were investigated. For both oxide minerals, increasing cadmium concentration resulted in right shifting of the sorption curve of cadmium as the function of pH. The $pH_{50}$, where 50% of cadmium sorbed, of goethite (pH 5.25) was much smaller than that of the silica (pH 7.83). The sorption of cadmium onto both minerals were not affected by the background ion strength from $10^{-1}$ to $10^{-2}$ M of $KNO_3$. It indicated that the binding affinity of goethite surface for cadmium is much stronger than that of silica. The strong affinity of oxide mineral for cadmium can be explained by the existence of coordination or covalent bond between cadmium and surface of it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.643-647
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to access the possibility and ideal model for corrosive-induced tissue hyperplasia in the rat esophagus. Twenty rat were divided into two group: a healthy group, corrosive group. corrosive burn in esophagus were produced using 30% NaOH on the distal esophagus. After surgical procedure, behavioral and weight changes were monitored on a weekly. At 3 weeks after surgical procedure, fluoroscopic esophagogram was performed and then all rats sacrificed for histological analysis by administering inhalable pure carbon dioxide. Technical surgery for corrosive stricture were 100%. A total of 2 rats died in corrosive group from a corrosive burn related to dysphagia within 14 days. The esophageal stenosis ratio was significantly higher in the corrosive group than in the healthy group (40.1 ± 9.2 % and 1.4 ± 7.2%, respectively; p = 0.001). The tissue hyperplasia ratio was also significantly higher in the Corrosive group (62.5 ± 9% and 22.08 ± 6%, respectively; p = 0.001). Infusion of 30% NaOH may suggest alternative option to evaluation tool for preclinical study in a rat corrosive model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2016

The study was conducted to confirm the analgesic effects of the Carbenoxolone(CBX)and P2X receptor antagonist(iso-PPADS), which separates the gap junction in the facial neuropathic pain model. The experiment used white male Sprague-Dawley rats (240~280g). The second left molars on the lower jaw was extracted to induce facial neuropathic pain, and small dental implants were implanted to induce damage to the inferior alveolar nerve. When CBX was injected twice daily to the abdominal cavity, a significant analgesic effect at 5ug/kg was observed(p<0.05). In addition, when iso-PPADS was injected twice daily into the abdominal cavity, a significant analgesic reaction was observed at $25{\mu}g/kg$(p<0.05). When the two drugs were injected together at a low concentration, in which they did not display an effect, they displayed a significant analgesic reaction at CBX 1ug/kg and iso-PPADS 2.5ug/kg(p<0.05). When a gap injunction block using a low concentration of CBX and a low concentration P2X receptor antagonist was injected together, the pain suppressing effect was observed against the orofacial neuropathic pain mechanism. These results make it possible to determine that the gap junction block using CBX and the injection of the P2X receptor antagonist plays an important role in the pain management of the facial region.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 2007

PCBs의 대기 중 농도는 고용량 PUF sampler를 이용하여 2000년부터 2002년까지 주 1회 수도권 인근지역인 경기도 안성에서 측정하였다. 본 논문은 비선형 회귀모델을 이용하여 대기 중 가스상 PCBs의 연간, 월간 사이클을 평가 하고자 한다. Clausius-Clepeyron 식을 이용한 가스상 PCBs의 기울기는 고분자로 갈수록 증가하는 경향이었다. 이는 고분자 PCBs는 저분자 PCBs에 비해 온도 의존성이 크다는 것을 의미한다. 다시 말해, 고분자 PCBs는 다른 지역에서 장거리 이송되어 오는 오염물질의 영향 보다는 지역적인 오염원(예, 토양, 수계 등)에 의해 영향을 크게 받고 있다는 것을 시사한다. Lorentzian 모델을 이용한 총 PCBs의 일별, 월별 회귀식의 결정계수($R^2$)는 각각 0.62(p<0.0001), 0.88(p<0.0001)로 나타나 유의한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 비선형 회귀식 모델을 활용하여 구한 가스상 PCBs의 일별, 월별 싸이클을 모사한 방정식도 매우 유의한 결과(p<0.0001)를 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1099-1104
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• 2009

Cellular Automata(CA) has been used as modeling and computing paradigm for a long time. While studying the models of systems, it is seen that as the complexity of the physical system increase, the CA based model becomes very complex and becomes to difficult to track analytically. Also such models fail to recognize the presence of inherent hierarchical nature of a physical system. In this paper we analyze the properties of GF($2^p$) multiplue attractor cellular automata(GF($2^p$) MACA) C and give a method of synthesis of C which is a special class of hierarchical cellular automata proposed as an alternative to solve the problem.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 1989

The separation of trypsin inhibitir using reverse micellar system was invertigated. Among the biffer system tested, 1.0M $CaCl_2$ solution (pH 3.0) and 1.0M NaCl soluation (pH 11.5) were most effective for solubilization and de-solubilization of protein, respectively. When these conditions were applied to two model sampeles, one of which was composed of the same amount of 7S protein and trpsin inhibitor, and the other of which was composed of the same amount of soluble soybean protein isolates and trypsin inhibitor, highly pure trypsin inhibitor was obtained. And in the real soybean, Kwng Gyo, pure trypsin inhibior was also obtained.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.261-270
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• 2024

Background: Various researchers are calculating the health adjusted life expectancy (HALE) at the regional level in South Korea using several methods, most studies merely enumerate the differences in healthy life expectancy based on social characteristics. This study aims to analyze the association between various sociodemographic factors and HALE at the regional level. Methods: To calculate HALE, we utilized the various data sources, including National Health Insurance claims data, and applied the Sullivan's method. We conducted multiple linear regression with regional socioeconomic variables from Korean Statistical Information Service. For the multiple linear regression analysis, we designed three regression models. Model 1 comprised solely socioeconomic variables, model 2 involved both socioeconomic variables and individual health behaviors, and model 3 integrated model 2 with healthcare utilization. Results: The analysis shows that an increase in financial independence (p<0.05), population density (p<0.1), and the number of doctors (p<0.05) associated with an increase in HALE, whereas an increase in the number of beds (p<0.01) was associated with a decrease in HALE. In case of the obesity rate, in model 2 (p<0.1) and model 3 (p<0.05), there was a negative association between HALE and obesity rate. Conclusion: Amidst various variables, it was observed that increased financial independence in specific regions had association with an increase in HALE, highlighting the need for stronger local governance in South Korea. Additionally, the inverse association between hospital beds and HALE suggests several implications, such as the appropriate deployment of healthcare resources. To gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between hospital beds and HALE, further analysis distinguishing different types of hospital beds across healthcare institutions seems necessary.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.593-602
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• 2014

One of the purposes of an artificial neural netowrk(ANNet) is to implement the largest number of functions as possible with the smallest number of nodes and layers. This paper presents a CoreNet which has a multi-leveled input value and a multi-leveled output value with a 2-layered ANNet, which is the basic structure of an ANNet. I have suggested an equation for calculating the capacity of the CoreNet, which has a p-leveled input and a q-leveled output, as $a_{p,q}={\frac{1}{2}}p(p-1)q^2-{\frac{1}{2}}(p-2)(3p-1)q+(p-1)(p-2)$. I've applied this CoreNet into the simulation model 1(5)-1(6), which has 5 levels of an input and 6 levels of an output with no hidden layers. The simulation result of this model gives, the maximum 219 convergences for the number of implementable functions using the cot(${\sqrt{x}}$) input leveling method. I have also shown that, the 27 functions are implementable by the calculation of weight values(w, ${\theta}$) with the multi-threshold lines in the weight space, which are diverged in the simulation results. Therefore the 246 functions are implementable in the 1(5)-1(6) model, and this coincides with the value from the above eqution $a_{5,6}(=246)$. I also show the implementable function numbering method in the weight space.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.303-307
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• 2006

In this paper, we have designed the p-type metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor(pMOSFET) for SiGe devices with gate lengths of $0.9{\mu}m$ and $0.1{\mu}m$using the TCAD simulators. The electrical characteristics of devices have been investigated over the temperatures of 300 and 77K. We have used the two carrier transfer models(hydrodynamic model and drift-diffusion model). We how that the drain current is higher in the hydrodynamic model than the drift-diffusion model. When the gate length is $0.9{\mu}m$, the threshold voltage shows -0.97V and -1.15V for 300K and 77K, respectively. The threshold voltage is, however, nearly same at $0.1{\mu}m$ for 300K and 77K.