• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.60.2-60.2
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 Indium-free 및 gallium-free 기반의 산화물 TFT를 제작하기 위해 n-type $TiO_2$ 반도체 기반의 thin film transistor ($Mo/TiO_{2-x}/SiO_2/p+\;+Si$)를 oxygen deficient black $TiO_{2-x}$ 타겟을 이용하여 DC magnetron sputtering 공법으로 제작하고 그 특성을 분석하였다. DC magnetron sputtering 공법으로 성막된 $TiO_{2-x}$ semiconductor의 전기적, 광학적, 화학적 결합 에너지 및 구조적 특성 분석을 위해 semiconductor parameter analyzer (Aglient 4156-C), UV/Vis spectrometer, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy를 각각 이용하여 분석하였으며 이를 RTA 전/후 특성 비교를 통하여 관찰하였다. $TiO_{2-x}$ TFT의 소자 특성은 RTA 열처리 전/후 전형적인 insulator 특성에서 semiconductor 특성으로 변화되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 최적화된 열처리 공정에서 filed effect mobility 0.69 $cm^2$/Vs, on to off current ratio $2.04{\times}10^7$, sub-threshold swing 2.45 V/decade와 Vth 10.45 V를 확보할 수 있었다. 또한 RTA 열처리 후 밴드갭이 3.25에서 3.41로 확장되는 특성을 나타내었다. 특히 RTA 열처리 후 stoichiometric $TiO_2$ 상태와는 다른 $Ti^{2+}$, $Ti^{3+}$, $Ti^{4+}$ 등의 다양한 oxidation states가 관찰되었으며 이러한 oxidation states를 $TiO_{2-x}$ 박막에서의 oxygen deficient 상태와 연관시킴으로써 oxygen vacancy의 n-type dopant로의 거동을 확인하였다. $TiO_2$ 채널 기반의 TFT 특성을 통하여서 indium free 또는 gallium free 산화물 채널로써의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.282-290
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• 1996

광화학 반응의 초기 유발을 위한 광촉매로 TiO2가 가장 널리 알려져 있으며, 기존의 상품보다 광촉매 활성도가 높은 촉매를 얻기 위해 Sol-Gel법을 이용하였다. TiO2 광촉매 제조를 위하여 전구체로서 Tetra-eth해-ortho-titanate(TEOT)를 이용하여 xerogeol 분말을 얻었으며, 광화학 반응의 효율을 측정하기 위해 분해대상 물질을 Dichloroacetic acid(DCA)로 선정하였다. 순수 titania 졸을 얻기 위한 최적조건은 알콕사이드 1몰당 물 40몰, 산 0.05몰이었고 pH의 범위는 3.3-3.6이었으며 Hexylene Glycol(HG)의 첨가량은 1몰임을 알 수 있었다. BET-N2방법을 이용하여 표면적을 측정한 결과 물/알콕 사이드의 몰비가 40-80범위에서 비표면적이 급격히 증가되어 DCA 의 광분해율도 증가하였으며, 몰 40몰을 첨가 후 졸-겔법으로 제조한 분말을 40$0^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 열처리한 anatase phase의 TiO2가 최고의 광분해 효율인 약 21%를 보였다. 이는 상업용으로 가장 효율이 높은 Dagussa P-25의 DCA 분해 효율보다 2배 정도 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.117-118
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• 2007

In this paper, we examined an effect by the binder in titanium dioxide film for dye sensitized solar cell. Binder(PEG and PEO) was added the quantity of 10- 40wt% to commercial $TiO_2$ (P25), Respectively. All of $TiO_2$ film was showed porous structure. but difference of film's porosity could not be confirm. Transmittances of $TiO_2$ film was decreased with the increase of binder's quantity, generally. In case of 20wt%, however, Transmittances of $TiO_2$ film was recoded the highest value. and it measured 1.77 of energy-conversion efficiency.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.20 no.A
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• pp.51-56
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• 2000

The Photocatalytic decolorization and degradation of commercial dyes were studied using a batch reactor. Degussa P25 titanium dioxide and $H_2O_2$ were used as the photocatalyst and proved to be effective for dyes degradation when they were irradiated with UV light. The light source was a 20W low pressure mercury lamp. Three different kinds of dyes, such as direct dye(congo red), acid dye (acid black) and disperse dye(disperse blue) were tested. Extending the UV only treatment up to 120min, direct dye was decolorized to 60% and degraded to 30% as COD. On the other side, acid and disperse dyes were eliminated less than 10% as color and COD. But, color and COD were eliminated about 90% for all of the three dyes by $UV/H_2O_2$ system. And then the most effective decolorization was done for direct dye with 96% removal efficiency by $UV/TiO_2$ system at 120min with 500mg/L of $TiO_2$.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

Different weight percentages of Ag, Pt, and Au doped nano $TiO_2$ were synthesized using the acetic acid hydrolyzed sol-gel method. The crystallite phase, surface morphology combined with elemental composition and light absorption properties of the doped nano $TiO_2$ were comprehensively examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), $N_2$ sorption analysis, transmission electron microscopic (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray, and DRS UV-vis analysis. The doping of noble metals stabilized the anatase phase, without conversion to rutile phase. The formation of gold nano particles in Au doped nano $TiO_2$ was confirmed from the XRD patterns for gold. The specific surface area was found to be in the range 50 to 85 $m^2$/g. TEM images confirmed the formation a hexagonal plate like morphology of nano $TiO_2$. The photocatalytic activity of doped nano $TiO_2$ was evaluated using 4-chlorophenol as the model pollutant. Au doped (0.5 wt %) nano $TiO_2$ was found to exhibit higher photocatalytic activity than the other noble metal doped nano $TiO_2$, pure nano $TiO_2$ and commercial $TiO_2$ (Degussa P-25). This enhanced photocatalytic activity was due to the cathodic influence of gold in suppressing the electron-hole recombination during the reaction.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

In this study $TiO_2$/reduced graphene oxide ($TiO_2/rGO$) bipyramid with tunable nanostructure was fabricated by two-step solvothermal process and subsequent heat-treatment in air. The as-synthesized anatase $TiO_2$ nanocrystals possessed morphological bipyramid with exposed dominantly by (101) facets. Polyethylenimine was utilized during the combination of $TiO_2$ and graphene oxide (GO) to tune the surface charge, hindering the restack of graphene during solvothermal process and resulting in 1 to 5 layers of rGO wrapped on $TiO_2$ surface. After a further calcination, a portion of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with a diameter about 2 nm were produced owing to the oxidizing and cutting of rGO on $TiO_2$. The as-prepared $TiO_2/rGO$ hybrid showed a highly photocatalytic activity, which is about 3.2 and 7.7 times enhancement for photodegradation of methyl orange with compared to pure $TiO_2$ and P25, respectively. We assume that the improvement of photocatalysis is attributed to the chemical bonding between rGO/CQDs and $TiO_2$ that accelerates photogenerated electron-hole pair separation, as well as enhances light harvest.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.330-330
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• 2008

$Fe_2O_3$ added Pb$(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-PbTiO_3-PbZrO_3 $ (PNN-PT-PZ) ceramics were produced in order to use them as a bimoph acturator for energy harvesting. Especially, the 0.25 wt% $Fe_2O_3$ added 0.4PNN-0.357PT-0.243PZ, having the composition of morphotropic phase boundary, showed good piezoelectric properties of $d_{33}$ of 810 pC/N, $k_p$ of 77% and $Q_m$ of 55 along with a high Curie temperature of $210^{\circ}C$. A bimorph actuator, composed of the two piezoelectric layers bonded together with a phosphorous bronze layer as a central metallic electrode, was successfully fabricated. The bimorph actuator, vibrated with a 1.3 mm amplitude at 68 Hz, produced high electric power of approximately 60 mW.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 2008

Studies on visible-light-driven photocatalysis of air pollutants at indoor air quality (IAQ) levels have been limited. Current study investigated visible-light derived photocatalysis with N-doped and S-doped titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) for the control of benzene at indoor levels. Two preparation processes were employed for each of the two types of photocatalyst: urea-Degussa P-25 $TiO_2$ and titania-colloid methods for the N-doped $TiO_2$; and titanium isopropoxid- and tetraisopropoxide-thiourea methods for the S-doped $TiO_2$. Furthermore, two coating methods (EDTA- and acetylacetone-dissolving methods) were tested for both the N-doped and S-doped $TiO_2$. The two coating methods exhibited different photocatalytic degradation efficiency for the N-doped photocatalysts, whereas they did not exhibit any difference for the S-doped photocatalysts. In addition, the two doping processes showed different photocatalytic degradation efficiency for both the S-doped and N-doped photocatalysts. For both the N-doped and S-doped $TiO_2$, the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency increased as the hydraulic diameter (HD) decreased. The degradation efficiency determined via a PCO system with visible-light induced $TiO_2$ was lower than that with UV-light induced unmodified $TiO_2$, which was obtained from previous studies. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that for the photocatalytic annular reactor with the HD of 0.5 cm, PCO efficiency increased up to 52% for the N-doped $TiO_2$ and 60% for the S-doped $TiO_2$. Consequently, when combined with the advantage of visible light use over UV light use, it is suggested that with appropriate HD conditions, the visible-light-assisted photocatalytic systems can also become an important tool for improving IAQ.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2017

The effect of food simulants on properties and light barrier function of LDPE-nano $TiO_2$ composite film has been investigated. LDPE-nano $TiO_2$ composite films were prepared with 5.0wt% $TiO_2$ content by melt-extrusion. To simulate food contact environment, according to KFDA standards and specifications for food utensils, containers and packages, food simulants were selected with deionized water, 50% ethanol, 4% acetic acid and n-heptane and composite films were immersed in each food simulant at $70^{\circ}C$, 30 min except n-heptane ($25^{\circ}C$, 60 min). A variety of material properties, including crystallinity, chemical bonds, surface morphology, mechanical, oxygen barrier and optical properties, of LDPE-nano $TiO_2$ composite film were examined with and without the food simulants treatment. As a result, under regulated migration condition, LDPE-nano $TiO_2$ composite showed extremely stable in all properties tested in the study in contact with food simulants indicating that $TiO_2$ nanoparticles are physicochemically stable and quite compatible with LDPE. Results enable us to anticipate migration of $TiO_2$ will probably not occur. To evaluate influence of migration of $TiO_2$ on food stuffs, their color, pH and acidity were observed as well.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate geochemical characteristics for stream sediments in the Naju area. We collected 139 stream sediments samples from primary channels. Samples were dried slowly in the laboratory and chemical analysis was carried out using XRF. ICP-AES and NAA. In order to investigate geochemical characteristics, the geological groups categorized into granitic gneiss area, schist area, granite area, arenaceous rock area, tuff area, andesite area, and rhyolite area. Average contents of major elements for geological groups are $SiO_2\;58.37{\sim}66.06wt.%,\;Al_2O_3\;13.98{\sim}18.41wt.%,\;Fe_2O_3\;4.09{\sim}6.10wt.%,\;CaO\;0.54{\sim}1.33wt.%,\;MgO\;0.86{\sim}1.34wt.%,\;K_2O\;2.38{\sim}4.01wt.%,\;Na_2O\;0.90{\sim}1.32wt.%,\;TiO_2\;0.82{\sim}1.03wt.%,\;MnO\;0.09{\sim}0.15wt.%,\;P_2O_5\;0.11{\sim}0.18wt.%$. According to the comparison of average contents of major elements, $Al_2O_3\;and\;K_2O$ are higher in granitic gneiss area, $Fe_2O_3,\;CaO,\;P_2O_5$ are higher in tuff area, MgO and $TiO_2$ are higher in andesite area, $Na_2O_$ is higher in rhyolite area, $SiO_2$, and MnO are higher in arenaceous rock area. Average contents of minor and rare earth elements for geological groups are $Ba\;1278{\sim}1469ppm,\;Be\;1.1{\sim}1.5ppm,\;Cu\;18{\sim}25ppm,\;Nb\;25{\sim}37ppm,\;Ni\;16{\sim}25ppm,\;Pb\;21{\sim}28ppm,\;Sr\;83{\sim}155ppm,\;V\;64{\sim}98ppm,\;Zr\;83{\sim}146ppm,\;Li\;32{\sim}45ppm,\;Co\;7.2{\sim}12.7ppm,\;Cr\;37{\sim}76ppm,\;Cs\;4.8{\sim}9.1ppm,\;Hf\;7.5{\sim}25ppm,\;Rb\;88{\sim}178ppm,\;Sc\;7.7{\sim}12.6ppm,\;Zn\;83{\sim}143ppm,\;Pa\;11.3{\sim}37ppm,\;Ce\;69{\sim}206ppm,\;Eu\;1.1{\sim}1.5ppm,\;Yb\;1.8{\sim}4.4ppm$. According to the comparison of average contents of minor and rare earth elements for geological groups, Pb, Li, Cs, Hf, Rb, Sb, Pa, Ce, Eu, and Yb are higher in granitic gneiss area; Ba, Co, and Cr in schist area; Nb, Ni, and Zr in arenaceous rock area; Sr in tuff area: and Be, Cu, V, Sc, and Zn are such in andesite area.