• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.221-234
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• 1996

Basic studies for the effective extraction of dibenzylammonium dibenzyldithiocarbamate(DBADBDC) complexes of Ag(I), Pd(II), Au(III) and Pt(IV) into chloroform have been conducted. The effects of pH on the extraction of ligand itself and metal cemplexes showed that DBADBDC itself was uniformly extracted in the pH range of 2~9 and metal complexes were effectively extracted at the pH range as follows. That is, Ag(I) : in an acidic aqua medium, Pd(II) : > 4, Au(III) : wide range, and Pt(IV) : > 3. The distribution ratio and extractabilities were obtained from the partition and extraction equilibria of metal-DBDC complexes between aqueous solution and chloroform. Ag(I) : log D=4.226 : E(%)=99.9% in the aqueous solution of pH 0, Pd(II) : log D=1.804 : E(%)=98.5% at pH 4~7, Au(III) : log D=3.755 : E(%)=99.9% at pH 2~10, and Pt(IV) : log D=0.165 : E(%)=57.2% at pH 8.0. And also mole ratio of metal ion to ligand in complexes were determined by mole ratio method : 1 : 1 for Ag(I) and 1 : 2 for Pd(II), Au(III) and Pt(IV). $Cl^-$ was included as a coordination species in complexes of Au(III) and Pt(IV). Besides, extraction mechanisms of compleses sere examined in the presence of chloride ion in an aquous solution, and extraction reactions and estraction constants could be proposed and calculated, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

We cloned a gene cluster encoding phenanthrene-degrading enzymes on a 6.8-kb Xhol fragment from the Pseudomonas sp. DJ77 chromosomal DNA into the vector pBLUESCRIPT SIC(+). The resultant clone, containing the recombinant plilsmid pHENX7, was able to convert 3-methylcatechol to a yellow mela-cleavage compound. Since the pHENX7R in which the DNA insert was cloned in the opposite orientation lacked extradiol dioxygenase activity. the direction of transcription was established. Four polypeptides, PhnC (24 kDa). PhnD (31 kDa), PhnE (34 kDa). and PhnF (15 kDa), were identified in E coli JM101 transformed with several pHENX7-derived plasmids. The locations and extents of ~ndividual genes were determined by subcloning. The gene order was phnC-phnD-phnE-phnF-phnG, and phnC, phnD, phnE, and phnG genes encoded glutathione S-transferase, mrta-cleavage compound hydrolase, extradiol dioxygenase, mera-cleavage compound dehydrogenase, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2021

The present study was aimed to estimate the effect of ensiling period and bacterial inoculants on chemical compositions and fermentation characteristics on rye silage harvested at delayed stage. Rye (Secale cereale L.) was harvested after 20 days of heading stage (29.4% dry matter, DM). The harvested rye forage was applied with different inoculants following: applications of distilled water (CON), Lactobacillus brevis (LBB), Leuconostoc holzapfelii (LCH), or mixture of LBB and LCH at 1:1 ratio (MIX). Each forage was ensiled into 20 L mini bucket silo (5 kg) for 50 (E50D) and 100 (E100D) days in triplicates. The E50D silages had higher in vitro digestibilities of DM (IVDMD, p<0.001) and neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD, p=0.013), and lactate (p=0.009), and acetate (p=0.011) than those of E100D, but lower pH, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and yeast. By inoculant application, LCH had highest IVDMD and IVNDFD (p<0.05), while MIX had highest lactate and lowest pH (p<0.05). The CON and LCH in E50D had highest LAB and yeast (p<0.05), whereas LBB in E100D had lowest (p<0.05). Therefore, this study concluded that LCH application improved the nutrient digesbility (IVDMD and IVNDFD) of lignified rye silage, and longer ensiling period for 100 days enhanced the fermentation characteristics of silage compared to ensiling for 50 days.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.674-682
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• 2014

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of fat-soluble vitamin administration to sows or newborn pigs on plasma vitamin status. In Exp. 1 and 2, a total of 24 and 43 newborn pigs were allotted to control and vitamin treatments (vitamin $D_3$ with variable addition of vitamins A and E) orally or by i.m. injection. In Exp. 3, pigs from Exp. 2 were allotted to 2 treatments (${\alpha}$vitamins $D_3$ and E in drinking water) for 14 d postweaning. In Exp. 4, twenty-four gestating sows were used for 2 treatments (${\pm}injection$ of a vitamin $D_3$/A/E product 2 wk prepartum). In Exp. 1 and 2, when vitamin $D_3$ was administrated orally or by i.m. injection on d 1 of age, pigs had increased plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH $D_3$) concentration 10 d after administration compared with control pigs (p<0.05). The injectable administration with vitamin $D_3$ and E was able to achieve higher plasma 25-OH $D_3$ (p<0.05) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (p<0.05) concentrations than oral administration. At weaning, the pigs in the injection group had higher plasma 25-OH $D_3$ concentration than those in the other groups in both studies (p<0.05). In Exp. 3, water supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ and E postweaning increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations at d 14 postweaning (p<0.01). In Exp. 4, when sows were injected with the vitamin $D_3$ product prepartum, serum 25-OH $D_3$ concentrations of sows at farrowing (p<0.01), and in their progeny at birth (p<0.01) and weaning (p<0.05) were increased. These results demonstrated that fat-soluble vitamin administration to newborn pigs increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ concentration regardless of administration routes and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentration by the injectable route, and that water supplementation of vitamin $D_3$ and E to nursery pigs increased plasma 25-OH $D_3$ and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol concentrations. Additionally, injecting sows with vitamin $D_3$ prepartum increased 25-OH $D_3$ in sows and their offspring. If continued research demonstrates that the serum levels of 25-OH $D_3$ are critical in weanling pigs, a variety of means to increase those levels are available to swine producers.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.466-487
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• 2011

This study analyzed the effect of small and medium businesses' R&D intensity and patents on their price-earnings (P/E) ratios. Regression analysis was conducted on a sample of manufacturers listed on the Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (KOSDAQ) for the past decade (2000~2009). The result is summarized as follows. First, a negative correlation was identified between companies' R&D intensity and their P/E ratios, but no significant relationship was found between their numbers of domestic patent applications and registrations and P/E ratios. Second, the analysis of the effect of the companies' R&D intensity on their P/E ratios resulted in a negative correlation of -1%. Third, the analysis of the effect of the companies' number of domestic patent applications and registrations on their P/E ratios showed that they did not have any significant relationship. Fourth, high-tech firms' R&D intensity had a negative correlation of -1% with their P/E ratios, but had a positive correlation of 1% with their numbers of domestic patent applications. Furthermore, the R&D intensity of middle-to-high and middle-to-low tech enterprises had a negative correlation of -1% with their P/E ratios, whereas their numbers of domestic patent applications and registrations had no significant relationship with their P/E ratios. The above results suggest that to produce successful outcomes from their R&D investment and patents, individual firms need strategies for technological innovation that relate to their technological level.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.255-262
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the growth performance between two different crossbred strains of Korean native chickens denoted as 1E and 2E with a white semibroiler (LL) from hatch to d-84 post-hatch. A total of 450 one-day-old chicks were randomly distributed into cages which included 15 replicate cages each for 1E and 2E with 9 replicate cages for LL. A three phase feeding program was used as a starter (Day 1 - 35; crude protein [CP] 20.3%; metabolizable energy [ME] 3,059 kcal·kg^-1), grower (Day 36 - 56; CP 18.6%; ME 3,123 kcal·kg^-1) and finisher (Day 57 - 84; CP 16.7%; ME 3,187 kcal·kg^-1). The results revealed that LL had a higher (p < 0.05) BW during d-8 to d-84 compared with the other two cross breed groups. A higher (p < 0.05) ADG was observed from the LL during the entire period except from d-1 to d-14 and d-71 to d-84 when compared with 1E and 2E. Shank length did not vary (p > 0.05) between the strains, despite LL having a SL that was 2.86% higher (p < 0.05) when compared with the other strains from d-15 to d-21 post-hatch, and 1E had a SL that was 2.28% (p < 0.05) higher when compared with the other strains during the first week of the experiment.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.23-25
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• 2004

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 1995

Pseudomonas sp. P20 was shown to be capable of degrading biphenyl and 4-chlorobiphenyl (4CB) to produce the corresponding benzoic acids wnich were not further degraded. But the potential of the strain for biodegradation of 4CB was shown to be excellent. The pcbA, B, C and D genes responsible for the aromatic ring-cleavage of biphenyl and 4CB degradation were cloned from the chromosomal DNA of the strain. In this study, the pebC and D genes specifying degradation of 2, 3-dihydroxybiphenyl (2, 3-DHBP) produced from biphenyl by the pebAB-encoded enzymes were cloned by using pBluescript SK(＋) as a vector. From the pCK102 (9.3 kb) containing pebC and D genes, pCK1022 inserted with a EcoRI-HindIII DNA fragment (4.1 kb) carrying pebC and D and a pCK1092 inserted with EcoRI-XbaI fragment (1.95 kb) carrying pebC were constructed. The expression of pcbC and D' in E. coli CK102 and pebC in E. coli CK1092 was examined by gas chromatography and UV-vis spectrophotometry. 2.3-dihydroxybiphenyl was readily degraded to produce meta-cleavage product (MCP) by E. coli CK102 after incubation for 10 min, and then only benzoic acid(BA) was detected in the 24-h old culture. The MCP was detected in E. coli CK1022 containing pebC and 0 genes (by the resting cells assay) for up to 3 h after incubation and then diminished completely in 8 h, whereas the MCP accumulated in the E. coli CK1092 culture even after 6 h of incubation. The 2, 3-DHBP dioxygenases (product of pebC gene) produced by E. coli CK1, CK102, CK1023, and CK1092 strains were measured by native PAGE analysis to be about 250 kDa in molecular weight, which were about same as those of Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12, P. pseudoa1caligenes KF707, and P. putida OU83.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.25-27
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• 2003

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2010

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum causes soft rot disease in diverse plants. Carocin D is bacteriocin that is produced by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21 strain. Nonpathogenic mutant P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21-M15 strain was obtained by mutagenesis with Tn5 insertion and screened pathogenesity. P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21-M15 and E. coli (pRG3431), carocin D gene-transformed E. coli, produce carocin D against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc3. Pathogenic P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc3 and mixture with Pcc21-M15 or E. coli (pRG3431) were treated with lettuces. Pcc21-M15 and E. coli (pRG3431) effectively suppressed the development of soft-rot disease. While symptoms in 90% of Pcc3-treated lettuces were observed after 3 days, only 25% of Pcc3 and Pcc21-M15-treated lettuces were observed to be infected after 6 days. These results suggest that the nonpathogenic strain P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Pcc21-M15 and E. coli (pRG3431) are effective to soft-rot disease suppression.