• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1978

Antibodies to Propionibacterium acnes in patients with tumor, leprosy, schizophrenia and normal human were measured by using a microtiter bacterial agglutination test. They were found in all sera examined, including normal human sera. It was comfirmed that a microtiter bacterial agglutination test on P. acnes is found to be an easy and satisfactory method for the measurement of antibody to P. acnes. The agglutinin titers of tumor patients, particularly hepatoma and gastric cancer patients, were significantly lower as compared with those of normal human sera. Antibody titers in leprosy patients were somewhat lower when compared with those in normal human sera. Antibody titers of lepromatous type of leprosy patient were lower than those of tuberculoid type. However, antibody levels were the same in schizophrenia patient and normal human. No correlation between antibody titers and age or sex of the patients and normal human was found.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate effects of mixed extracts (9:1, v/v) of Hwangryunhaedoktang, Chamaecyparis obtusa essential oil. We evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity by manufacturing mixed extracts as the materials for functional medicinal herb cosmetics. Methods : We performed antimicrobial were tested microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acnes) by disc diffusion method and measure clear zone. Antioxidant activities were measured by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. Results : Antimicrobial activities of mixed extracts against S. epidermideis, P. acnes, S. aureus, E. coli, and Candida. A were $10.9{\pm}3.0mm$, $16.9{\pm}2.0mm$, $9.2{\pm}2.0mm$, $10.3{\pm}1.0mm$, $11.8{\pm}3.0mm$ respectively. The Chamaecyparis obtusa essential oil had the highest antimicrobial activities against S. epidermideis, P. acnes, S. aureus, E. coli, and Candia. A and clear zone of microbes ware $16.7{\pm}3.0mm$, $28.8{\pm}0.2mm$, $15.9{\pm}2.0mm$, $11.5{\pm}1.0mm$, $16.3{\pm}3.0mm$. Hwangryunhaedoktang extract showed antimicrobial activity but only P. acnes and S. aureus The antioxidant activities of the mixed extracts were tested through the evaluation of DPPH radical scavenging activity. The 100 % mixed extracts were found to have 90 % DPPH radical scavenging activity. The mixed extracts was presented similar antioxidant activities compared with that of ascorbic acid. As a result, A mixture extract is expected to have antimicrobial effects and free radical scavenging activity was found. Conclusions : Accordingly, It can be concluded that mixed extracts has the potential to cosmetic material.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 2009

The in vitro antibacterial activities of honeybee(Apis mellifera. L) venom collected by a bee venom collector were investigated against several bacteria including antibiotic-susceptible and resistant Propionibacterium acnes. Honeybee venom was prepared with different concentrations and they showed strong antibacterial activites. Honeybee venom inhibited the growth of the tested antibiotic-resistant P. acnes at the concentration of 1 mg/ml. The inhibitory activities of the honeybee venom showed time-dependent manner. Honeybee venom did not influence the viability of human dermal fibroblast at the high concentration of less than 10 mg/ml. From these results, we expect that honeybee venom has strong antibacterial activities and has advantage for treating cure.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1979

Antibodies to Propionibacterium acnes(Corynebacterium parvum) serotype I and serotype II in normal human sera were measured using a microtitre bacterial agglutination test. Of 168 sera tested, 53 sera(31.0%) exhibited higher agglutinin titres to serotype I than to serotype II and 34 sera(20.2%) gave higher titers to serotype II than to serotype I. Eighty-one sera(48.3%), however, showed similar antibody titres to both types. Antibodies to serotype I(x) and serotype II(y) showed high correlation(r=0.73, p<0.01) and regression equation was Y=1,078+0.73X. The mean antibody titre($log_2$) of 529 normal sera(male 447 and female 82) to serotype I was $5.49{\pm}1.36$, but there was no significant difference between male($5.45{\pm}1.36$) and female($5.74{\pm}1.36$). Bacterial agglutinin to Propionibacterium acnes in normal sera belonged to a 2-mercaptoethanol resistant IgG class.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1993

Two acardic acids showing antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6919, were isolated from Galla Rhois. They were identified as 6-pentadec-8-enyl salicylic acid and 6-pentadecyl aslicylic acid on the base of spectroscopic evidence.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.694-699
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• 2009

The antimutagenic activities of ethanol extracts of Korean and American propolis were tested using Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 with two indirect mutagens of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) and 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) with S9 mix. Additionally, their antimicrobial activities against acne-related pathogenic strains of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated using both paper disk method and agar dilution method. Ethanol extracts of Korean and American propolis showed strong inhibitory effects, in a dose dependant manner, against the mutagenicities induced by Trp-P-1 and 2-AA. The antimutagenic effect of ethanol extracts of Korean propolis showed significantly higher protective activity than that of American propolis against the Trp-P-1 induced mutagenicity of S. Typhimurium TA98 at the lower concentration ($1-10\;{\mu}g$), but significantly lower protective activity at the higher concentration ($50-200\;{\mu}g$). The antimutagenic effect of ethanol extract of Korean propolis showed significantly higher protective activity than that of American propolis against the 2-AA induced mutagenicity at the concentration of $1\;{\mu}g$, but significantly lower protective activity than that of the American at the higher concentration ($50-200\;{\mu}g$). Both extracts showed strong antimicrobial activities against all the acne-related pathogens tested, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range $1,500-5,000\;{\mu}g/mL$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 2020

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is critical for host defense as well as the progression of inflammatory diseases through the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is cleaved by active caspase-1. It has been reported that overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the development and pathology of acne vulgaris. Therefore, inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may provide a new therapeutic strategy for acne vulgaris. In this study, we investigated whether auranofin, an anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby effectively treating acne vulgaris. Auranofin suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by Propionibacterium acnes, reducing the production of IL-1β in primary mouse macrophages and human sebocytes. In a P. acnes-induced acne mouse model, injection of P. acnes into the ears of mice induced acne symptoms such as redness, swelling, and neutrophil infiltration. Topical application of auranofin (0.5 or 1%) to mouse ears significantly reduced the inflammatory symptoms of acne vulgaris induced by P. acnes injection. Topical application of auranofin led to the downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activated by P. acnes in mouse ear skin. These results show that auranofin inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome, the activation of which is associated with acne symptoms. The results further suggest that topical application of auranofin could be a new therapeutic strategy for treating acne vulgaris by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.201-208
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• 2006

Propionibacterium acnes have been recognized as pus-forming bacteria triggering an inflammation in acne. The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial activities of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai against these etiologic agents of acne vulgaris and application possibility as a cosmetic resource. D. crassirhizoma crude extract and hexane fraction was prepared and its anti-acne effect against Propionibacterium acnes was investigated with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and paper disk diffusion method. The MIC of D. crassirhizoma crude extract and hexane fraction was 0.008 mg/mL and 0.001 mg/mL, respectively. This implies that D. crassirhizoma extract may be an efficient anti-acne ingredient for cosmetics, as a crude extract. The paper disk diffusion assay showed that its anti-acne effect was similar to that of triclosan. The cytotoxic effect of D. crassirhizoma extract was determined by a colorimetric MTT assay using HaCaT cell line and D. crassirhizoma extract exhibited lower cytotoxic effects. Finally, we examine the stability of D. crassirhizoma extract to temperature and pH. The D. crassirhizoma extract was very stable to high temperatures ($25{\sim}121^{\circ}C$) and to wide pH range ($pH\; 2{\sim}11$), suggesting its utilization for cosmetics.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2005

A strain named as HJ35 was isolated from the skin of sixty-five men and fourteen women for acne therapy, in order to find an effective antimicrobial agent against Propionibacterium acnes. Isolate HJ35 was identified as Enterococcus faecium based on 16 rDNA sequence and produced enterocin HJ35 having antimicrobial activities against most lactic acid bacteria, En­terococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Clostridium perfringens, some bacilli, Mi­crococcus flavus, Listeria monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Propionibacterium acnes, in the modified well diffusion method. Especially, enterocin HJ35 showed a bactericidal activity against Propionibacterium acnes P1. The antimicrobial activity of enterocin HJ35 was disappeared completely with the use of protease XIV. But enterocin HJ35 activity is very stable at high temperature (up to $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min), in wide range of pH (3.0${\~}$9.0), and by treatment with organic solvents. The apparent molecular mass of enterocin HJ35 was estimated to be approximately 4${\~}$4.5 kDa on detection of its bactericidal activity after SDS-PAGE. In batch fermentation of E. faecium HJ35, enterocin HJ35 was produced at the mid­log growth phase, and its maximum production was obtained up to 2,300 AU/mL at the late stationary phase. By employing fed-batch fermentation, the enhanced production of enterocin HJ35 was achieved up to 12,800 AU/mL by feeding with 10 g/L glucose or 6 g/L lactate.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2015

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) apply photosensitizers and light. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of PDT using blue LED (light emitting diode) with photofrin and radachlorin for Propionibacterium acnes. The colony forming units method was used to assess the antibacterial activity. Suspension (1 mL) containing P. acnes at $1{\times}10^5CFU/mL$ were prepared and then 2 fold serial diluted to $12.5{\mu}g/mL$ from $50{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of photofrin and radachlorin. After 60 minutes incubation, light was irradiated for 10 to 30 minutes using the following light source of wavelength 460 nm, each energy density 36, 72 and $108J/cm^2$. Bacterial growth was evaluated after 72 hours incubation in a Phenylethanol Blood Agar (PEBA) culture. In addition, flow cytometric analysis were performed to measure the live cell after PDT. Also transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to evaluate the effect of pathogens by PDT. The PDT Group was perfectly killed to all kind of photosensitizers dose of $12.5{\mu}g/mL$ with irradiation of 10 minutes. Also other Groups were killed to all kind of photosensitizers dose of $6.25{\mu}g/mL$ with irradiation time of 20 and 30 minutes. The flow cytometry showed a lower number of viable bacteria in the PDT group compared to the control group. The images of the TEM results were showed in cytoplasmic membrane damage and partially deformed to cell morphologies. These results suggest that radachlorin and photofrin combine blue LED PDT can be effectively treated when was proved treatment for acnes therapy.