• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2016

여드름은 만성 염증 질환으로 주로 청소년기에 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 대기오염, 약물 남용 등의 원인에 의해 아동기 및 성인기에도 나타날 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 여드름을 유발하는 정확한 원인은 밝혀져 있지 않으나 한 가지 원인보다 스트레스, 호르몬의 변화, 유전, 외부 환경 등 다양한 요인들이 복합적으로 작용한다고 여겨지고 있다. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)는 여드름을 유발하는 균으로 모낭 내에 상주하여 피지의 중성지방을 분해하고 유리 지방산을 형성하여 모낭 내 염증을 유발한다. 따라서 피지의 생성 증가는 P. acnes의 생존에 좋은 영향을 주고 피부에서 염증반응을 유발하는 monocytic cell의 활성화와 염증성 사이토카인(pro-inflammatory cytokine)의 증가를 유발한다. 따라서 여드름 치료를 위해서는 P. acnes의 증식 억제 및 염증반응을 최소화하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 유칼립투스(Eucalyptus globules) 추출물이 P. acnes에 의한 염증반응에 나타내는 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 유칼립투스 추출물 처리는 P. acnes가 유도하는 염증 매개자로 알려진 $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2와 인플라마좀 복합체인 NLRP3의 유전자 발현을 효과적으로 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 뿐만 아니라 염증성 사이토카인의 유전자 발현에 중요하다고 알려진 전사인자(transcription factors) $NF-{\kappa}B$와 NFAT의 활성 역시 유칼립투스 추출물을 처리하였을 때 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 논문을 통해 유칼립투스 추출물이 P. acnes에 의해 초래되는 여드름의 치료 보조제로 사용될 수 있으며, 천연 추출물의 사용이 항생제 장기 복용으로 인해 유발되는 항생제 내성을 해결하는 좋은 대안이 될 것이라고 예상할 수 있다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2006

피부관리실을 방문한 서른명의 얼굴 여드름 부위로부터 30주의 P. acnes를 분리하였다. 이들 균 주들을 형태학적, 생화학적 특징 등을 조사하여 P. acnes로 동정하였으며, 분리된 균 주들간의 생화학적특징은 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 생물학적 균 주 분류(biotyping)한 결과 comedone을 나타내는 여드름증상으로부터 23주의 biotype I, 구진(papule) 여드름증상으로부터 1주의 biotype II, 구진과 농포의 여드름증상으로부터 5주의 biotype III, 구진(papule) 여드름증상으로부터 1주의 biotype IV가 각각 분리되었으며, biotype V형의 균 주는 분리되지 않았다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2011

Objectives : Corydalis tuber has been used for promoting blood circulation and for relieving pain in Oriental medicine. In the present study, we focused on the antimicrobial activity of Corydalis tuber and compared its antimicrobial activity with the processed Corydalis tuber. Methods : Processing of Corydalis tuber was accomplished by immersing in 5% of acetic acid for 12 h and then by roasting at $250^{\circ}C$ for indicated time periods(0-30 min). Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and the zone of growth inhibition were determined against Propionibacterium acnes(P. acnes). Results : The methanolic extracts of Corydalis tuber showed potent antimicrobial effect(MIC 62.5 ${\mu}g/ml$). Its alkaloidal component, dehydrocorydaline, also exhibited antibacterial activity(MIC 25.0 ${\mu}g/ml$). After processing of Corydalis tuber, its inhibitory effect on the growth of P. acnes was significantly enhanced compared with that of unprocessed Corydalis tuber. Furthermore, elevated content of dehydrocorydaline was found in the processed than the unprocessed Corydalis tuber. However, the different roasting minutes effected on antimicrobial activity. The best roasting time of Corydalis tuber was 10 min, while roasting for the time above 15 min resulted in diminishing antimicrobial activity. Thus, it was concluded that the standardized processing condition of Corydalis tuber should be established to obtain enhanced antimicrobial(P. acnes) activity. Conclusion : For antimicrobial effect against P. acnes, the best processing condition of Corydalis tuber is immersing in 5% of acetic acid for 12 h and by roasting at $250^{\circ}C$ for 10 min.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

Objectives : Biological activities of marine resources have been rarely evaluated compared with other herbal medicines. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of five marine resources(Porphyra tenera, Laminariae Thallus, Sargassum, Ostreae Concha, Maliotidis Concha) against Propionibacterium acnes. Methods : Aqueous axtracts of five marine resources were prepared by decocting in tenfold tap water for 3 h. Etanolic extracts were obtained by extracting five marine resources with tenfold ethanol for 72 h at room temperature. The zone of growth inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined against P. acnes after incubation for 48 h under anaerobic condition. Results : Ethanolic extracts of Porphyra tenera exhibited potent antimicrobial effects(MIC $62.5\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ against KCTC3320, MIC $31.25\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ against KCTC5527). However, all aqueous extracts tested had no effects on the growth inhibition of P. acnes. In addition, four ethanolic extracts except Porphyra tenera showed little inhibitory effect. Conclusions : These results indicate that ethanolic extracts of Porphyra tenera has antimicrobial activities against P. acnes and also warrant further development of Porphyra tenera extracts as a natural anti-acne agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.839-848
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• 2018

Coptis chinensis (CC) is widely used in Asian countries to treat inflammatory diseases. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous fraction separated from CC extract and of berberine, its key bioactive component, in human keratinocytes and the possible molecular mechanisms underlying this. Treating HaCaT keratinocytic cells with heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes induced nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokine (e.g., tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, and IL-8) production and their mRNA expression; these effects were suppressed by pretreatment with the aqueous fraction or berberine, which also suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 kinases and the nuclear expression of nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$ p65 in P. acnes-stimulated cells. Thus, the aqueous fraction and berberine effectively exerted anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways in human keratinocytes and may be used for treating P. acnes-induced inflammatory skin diseases.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.98-101
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• 2011

Acne, one of the most common skin disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease and is caused by uncertain and multiple factors. Propionibacterium acnes belongs to the human cutaneous normal flora and is a major etiologic agent of acne vulgaris. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial effect of 19 medicinal plants. Antibacterial activity of extracts prepared from the 19 medicinal plants was investigated against bacteria related to acnes, Propionibacterium acnes. Among them, some medicinal plants inhibited the growth of the P. acnes. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Polygonum aviculare (Herb) was 0.2 mg/ml against P. acnes. MIC of Dianthus chinensis (Aerial Part), Forsythia viridissima (Fruit), Lygodium japonicum (Spore) and Sophora flavescens (Root) were 0.4 mg/ml. Based on these results, Polygonum aviculare (Herb), Dianthus chinensis (Aerial Part), Forsythia viridissima (Fruit), Lygodium japonicum (Spore) and Sophora flavescens (Root) may be considered as a candidate for a good medicine for acne.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2008

본 연구는 뽕잎 추출물에 눈꽃 동충하초 균사체(Paecilomyces japonica) 배양액의 Propionibacterium acnes에 대한 생육 억제 활성을 조사한 것이다. 배양 배지내의 뽕잎 추출물 농도는 3%일 때 가장 높은 여드름 균 생육 억제 활성이 나타났으며, 3% 농도의 뽕잎 추출물을 이용한 균사체 배양날짜별 활성은 25일 배양시 가장 높은 여드름 균 생육 억제 활성을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 여드름 균에 생육 억제 활성을 가지는 물질은 동충하초 균사체의 2차 대사산물로 판단 할 수 있었다. 뽕잎 추출물에 동충하초 균사체 배양액의 처리농도별 여드름 활성은 처리 농도가 상승할수록 증가하였다. 그리고 5% 감자만을 넣고 배양하였을 경우 여드름 균의 활성이 나타나지 않았으며, 합성 배지인 PDB를 사용 시 뽕잎 추출물을 이용해 배양하였을 때보다 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 뽕잎 추출물에 동충하초 균사체 배양액의 여드름균 생육 억제 활성의 열 안정성을 확인하기 위한 열처리 결과, $100^{\circ}C$에서 45분 까지 열에 안정함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 뽕잎 추출물에 동충하초 배양액의 여드름균 생육 억제 물질은 배당체 또는 peptide 인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 뽕잎 추출물을 이용한 동충하초 균사체 배양액은 여드름균 생육 억제 활성이 뛰어나며, 열에 안정한 천연 여드름 억제 화장품료 조성물로서의 이용가능성이 확인 하였다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.315-335
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• 2002

This study was carried out to prove the effects of CBTLC on the $5{\alpha}$-reductase inhibition, the sterilizing power for Propionibactrium acnes, the cytotoxicity of human monocyte, the inhibition for prosta-glandins($PGE_2$), Interleukins(IL-$1{\beta}$) and TNF-${\alpha}$ in inflammation, and the size of Hamster ear sebaceous gland concerned with Acnes. The result were obtained as follows : 1. On the $5{\alpha}$-reductase inhibition of CBTLC in vitro, An undiluted solution of CBTLC was $71{\%}$ inhibition on $5{\alpha}$-reductase and $\frac{1}{10}$ diluted solution of CBTLC was $20{\%}$ inhibition on $5{\alpha}$-reductase. 2. On the sterilizing power for Propionibactrium acnes concerned in Acnes, an undiluted solution and $\frac{1}{10}$ diluted solution of CBTLC formed 12mm clear zone diameters. 3. CBTLC was showed the cytotoxicity of human monocyte in $0.08{\%}$ and $0.12{\%}$ of CBTLC. 4. $0.01{\%}$ and $0.04{\%}$ of CBTLC inhibited the production of prostaglandins($PGE_2$) in the human monocyte stimulated with P. acnes LPS. 5. $0.08{\%}$ and downward of GMHBS inhibited the production of interleukins(lL-$1{\beta}$) in the human monocyte stimulated with P. acnes LPS. 6. $0.08{\%}$ and $0.12{\%}$ of GMHBS inhihited the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ in the human monocyte stimulated with P. acnes LPS. 7. As the antiandrogenic compound, CBTLC was used in hamster ears with topical application. CBTLC was diminished slightly on the size of hamster ears sebaceous gland.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.134-147
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• 2005

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Gami-Shengmayuipung-tang on acne. Methods : The effects of Gami-Shengmayuipung-tang (SYTSRG) on acne were measured by the $5\alpha-reductase$ inhibition, the sterilizing power for Propionibactrium acnes, the cytotoxicity of human monocyte, the inhibition for prostaglandins$(PGE_2)$, interleukins $(IL-l\beta)$ and $TNF-\alpha$ in inflammation, and the size of the hamtster ear sebaceous gland related to P. acnes. Results: On the $5\alpha-reductase$ inhibition of SYTSRG in vitro, an undiluted solution of SYTSRG showed $80\%$ inhibition on $5\alpha-reductase$ and 1/10 diluted solution of SYTSRG showed $40\%$ inhibition on $5\alpha-reductase$. On the sterilizing power for Propionibactrium acnes related acne, an undiluted solution and 1/10 diluted solution of SYTSRG formed $12\beta{\AE}$ clear zone diameters. SYTSRG did not show cytotoxicity of human monocyte. Concentrations of $0.01\%\;and\;0.04\%\;and\;0.08\%$ of SYTSRG inhibited the production of prostaglandins $(PGE_2)$ in the human monocyte stimulated with P. acnes LPS. $0.08\%$ and less of SYTSRG inhibited the production of interleukins $(IL-l\beta)$ in the human monocyte stimulated with P. acnes LPS. Concentrations of $0.04\%,\;0.08\%\;and\;0.12\%$ of SYTSRG inhibited the production of $TNF-\alpha$ in the human monocyte stimulated with P. acnes LPS. As the antiandrogenic compound, SYTSRG was used in hamster ears with topical application. SYTSRG diminished the size of the hamster ear sebaceous gland in males, but not in females. Conclusion: The present data suggest that SYTSRG may affect the primary stage of inflammation of acne.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1379-1386
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• 2020

Acne is a chronic skin disease that typically occurs in the teens and twenties, and its symptoms vary according to age, sex, diet, and lifestyle. The condition is characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermis, sebum overproduction, excessive growth of Propionibacterium acnes, and P. acnes-induced skin inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-6 are predominant in the inflammatory lesions of acne vulgaris. These cytokines induce an inflammatory reaction in the skin in the presence of pathogens or stresses. Moreover, IL-1α accelerates the production of keratin 16, which is typically expressed in wounded or aberrant skin, leading to abnormalities in architecture and hyperkeratinization. Orobol (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyisoflavone) is a metabolite of genistein that inhibited the P. acnes-induced increases in IL-6 and IL-1α levels in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) more effectively compared with salicylic acid. In addition, orobol decreased the IL-1α and IL-6 mRNA levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa-B kinase, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha, and mitogen-activated protein kinase induced by P. acnes. Finally, the expression of Ki67 was decreased by orobol. Thus, orobol ameliorated the inflammation and hyperkeratinization induced by heat-killed P. acnes and thus has potential for use in functional foods and cosmetics.